Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/602

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DIU

Divbrce was allow'd cf in great Latitude both among the Tagans md7eWS. At Rome, Barrennefs, Oldnefs, DM, Madnefs, and Banifhment, were the ordinary Caufes of 2>/- vorce. Carvilius, 500, or 600 Year after the Building of Rome, was the firft who put away his Wife becaufe flie was barren.

fufiinian afterwards added Impotence, a "Vow ofChaftity, and the Profeffion of a Monattic Life, as valid Reafons of Divorce.

Among the Jews, Uglinefs, old Age, or ill Humour in a Wife, were fufficient Reafons for giving her a Bill of Di- vorce. Even the Man's own Pleafure, or his repenting of his Match, were admitted as good Reafons.

Some hold, that fefits Chrifl allow'd ofDivorce in the fingle Cafe of Adultery. But we take it for a Miftake : Divorce is no where permitted in the New Teftament for Adultery ; but only a Separation. See Mattfa. XIX. 9. MarkX. 11. 'Paul i.Cor. X. 39. See alfo the Council of Florence ; at the End, affcr the Queftions propofed to the Greeks. "Jermll. de Monogam. C. 9. and 10. Auguftin. de Sono Conjugio, £5? de Adult. Conjug. See alfo what wc have delivcr'd under the Article Adultery.

Pope Innocent I. in his Decretal to Exigents, declares fuch as contract a new Marriage after Divorce, Adulterers 5 as well as the Perfons they marry withal. The Occafion of this Decree was, that fuch Marriages were then allow'd of by the Roman Laws. There is an Exception, however, in the Cafe of Marriage between two Heathens, which the De- crees allow to be difTolved after the Conversion of one of the Parties. And St. (Pat// fays the fame, 1. Cor. VII. 15. let even in this Cafe, 1. The Marriage is not immediately dif- folv'd by the Converficn of one of the Parties, but they may ftill live together, and even on fome Occafions ought to do fo. Nor is it even diflblv'd by the Separation of the in- fidel Party ; for if file be afterwards converted, he is obliged to take back his Wife : as Innocent himfelf decides it L. IV. Decret. de Divert. C. Gaudemus. But the Marriage is diC- folved by a fecond Marriage of the converted Party with an- other Perfon. l

2, Tho' the Party converted to the Faith, may, the Mi- nute of his Converiion, legally feparate himfelf, and contract with another; a Liberty the Chriftian Law allows him; as in Juftice he is not deem'd to owe any Thing to an Infidel 5 yet Charity frequently forbids fuch Divorce and Separation .- As, e.gr. if the Infidel confent to live with him, and not mo- left him in his Religion; if his Faith be not at all in Danger ; if there be any Hopes of converting her; or of gaining' the Children ; if the Separation would prove a Scandal to the Heathens, and render Chriftianity odious, &c. See St. c Paul i.Cw.VII. 13,14. St. Aflgujbm L. I. de adult : Conjug. ad tpoiient.

The 4th Council of Toledo decrees, that in a Country where Chriftianity is the prevailing Religion, the Infidel Party mult be advertized to become Chriftian, which if Jlie refufc, the Marriage to be diflblv'd.

The Council of Trent prohibits Divorce on any Occafion whatever. The Papal Difpenfations, however, are a Salvo for this Piece of Rigor.

In England Divorces can only be had by Confent of Par- liament. Milton has an exprefs Trcatife of the Doctrine and Difcipline o{ Divorce, where he maintains, that Di- vorce ought to be permitted for a mere Incompatibility of Humors.

DIURESIS, from J^, fer, through, and pg-y, fiuo, to flow ; is us'd to exprefs that Separation which is made of the Urine by the Kidneys : whence Diuretic. See Di-

URET1CKS,

DIURETICKS, in Medicine, are fuch Remedies as pro- voke, or promote the Difcharge of Urine. See Urine.

Such is Water drank plentifully, white Wine drank in a Morning ; Alcali Salts of all Kinds ; Sea-Salt, SalGem- m£, Nitre, Borax, Alumn, Tartar, Ammoniac, Whey, four Milk, Lemmon Juice, &c.

Aqueous Liquors are generally Diuretic, efpecially if mix'd with Salt, and drunk cold. Fermented Liquors are the leaft Diuretic of all ; and the lefs as rhey are the fatter. Sharp thin four Wines, Rbenip, &c. as alfo acid Spirits of Vinegar, Salt, Sulphur, Alumn, Vitriol, £5c. Afparagus, bit- ter Almonds, Smallage, Eryngium, Eupatorium, SafTa- frafs, &c. do the fame.

DIURNAL, in Aftronomy, fomething relating to the 2)ay : In Oppofition to Nocturnal, which regards the Night. See Day, and Night.

Diurnal Circle, is an immoveable Circle, in which any Star, or Point in the Surface of the mundane Sphere, moves by a Diurnal Motion. See Circle.

Thus, if a right Line be conceiv'd to be continued from the Centre of a Star, perpendicular to the Axis of the World, as far as the Surface of the Sphere of the World, it will

defcribe a Diurnal Circle thereon, in making one Revolu- tion about its Axis.

Diurnal Arch, is the Arch, or Number of Degrees, that the Sun, Moon, or Stars defcribe between their Riiing', and Setting.

Diurnal Motion of a Planet is fo many Degrees and Minutes, &c. as any Planet moves in 24 Hours. See Mo- tion.

The Motion of the Earth about its Axis (in the Coperni- can Syftem) is call'd its Diurnal Motion, which caufes the Vicifhtudes of Days and Nights.

The Diurnal Motion of the Earth is its Rotation round its Axis, the Space whereof conftitutes the Natural Day. See Day.

The Diurnal Rotation of the Earth is now paft all Dif- pute. See Earth.

Diurnal is alfo us'd in fpeaking of what belongs to the Nytlhemeron, or Natural Day of 24 Hours, in which Senfc it ftands oppofed to Annual, Menflrual, &c. as Diurnal Motion, Diurnal Rotation, ckc.

The Diurnal Phenomena of the heavenly Bodies arc folv'd from the Diurnal Revolution of the Earth; that is, from one Revolution of the Earth round its own Axis in 24 Hours. To ill uftrate this : Suppofe the Circle PRTH, jjfafa Aflronomy Fig.i$.) to denote the Earth; C the Centre of the Earth, through which its Axis is conceiv'd to pals, a-round which, its Diurnal Revolution is pcrtbrm'd : B denotes any Place on the Earth ; the Line EW the viflble Horizon of the Place; E the Eaft Point of the faid Horizon, W the Weft .- the Circle abedef the Circumference of the Heavens ; the Circle S the Sun in the Heavens, the Semi-Circle PRT, the enlighten'd Hemifphere of the Earth, or that Half of it, oppoiitc to the Sun ; and laftly, the Semi-Circle PHT the darken'd Hemifphere of the Earth.

Now, the Earth fuppofed in this Situation, and moving round its Axis towards the Sun ; it is evident, the Place P of the Earth, will then juft. begin to be enlighten'd by tho Sun, and fo the Sun will appear there to be juft rifing, or afcending the Horizon at E the Eaft Point of it. The Earth being moved round its own Axis, fo as the Place P of the Earth, which avorc was under the Point a in the Heavens, is now under the Point b ; it is evident, the Horizon of the faid Place P, -will be now fo fltuated, as that the Sun will appear to a Spectator at P, as defcended considerably above E the Eaft End of the Horizon. And while by the Re- volution of the Earth round its Axis, the Place P paffes from under the Point b in the Heavens, to the Point c, the Horizon of the Place P will continually fink lower and lower in rcfpecT: of the Sun, and fo the Sun will appear to afcend higher and higher, till P is come under c, where the Sun will appear in its greater! Height above the Horizon for that Day ; and fo it will be Noon, or Afid-Day, at the Place P. The Earth moving on, as the Place P paffes from under c to d, the Weft Point of its Horizon will afcend higher and higher, and fo the Sun will appear more and more to defcend, as is reprefented by the Horizon at the Point of the Earth under d. The Place P being carried by the Diurnal Revolution of the Earth from under d to under e, the Sun will then appear juft on W, the Weft Point of the Horizon, and fo will appear to be ju&fetting. The Place P being come under f, it will be then Mid-night there. Laftly, the Place P being come round again under a, it will be there Sun-Rifing again. The fame holds good as to any other of the Celeftial Lights, and the Earth ; as is obvious from the Figure : the Circle reprefenting the Sun being taken to de- note any other Star, Planet, %Sc.

It remains to obferve, that whereas by the Diurnal Re- volution of the Earth, all the feveral Celeftial Lights feem to move in the Heavens from Eaft to Weft, hence this feem- ing Diurnal ^ Motion of the Celeftial Lights is call'd their common Motion, as being common to all of them. Befides which all the Celeftial Lights, but the Sun, have a proper Motion ; from which arife their proper Phenomena : As for the proper Phenomena of the Sun, they likewife {hem to arife from the proper Motion of the Sun ; but are really produe'd by another Motion, which the Earth has, and whereby it moves round the Sun once every Year, whence it is 'call'd the Annual Motio?z of the Earth. See Sun. DIURNARY, Diurnarius, an Officer in the Greek Em- pire, who wrote down in,a Book for that Purpofe, whatever the Prince did, order'd, regulated, &c. every Day. See the 8th Law of the Theodofian Code, de Cohort.

DIVUS, DIVA, in Antiquity, Names attributed to Men and Women, who had been deified, or placed in theNumbcr of the Gods. See God, Deification, &c.

Hence it is, that on Medals ftruck for the Confecration of an Emperor, or Emprefs, they give 'em the Title of Di- vus, or Diva : For Example, DIVUS JULIUS. DIVO ANTONINO PIO. DIVO PIO. DIVO CLAUDIO, DIVA FAUSTINA AUG. Sc DIZZINESS. See Vertigo.

POCK,