Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/577

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There are four manners of performing the Diierefis : v\z. hv Citiiing> 'Pricking., 'fearing, Drawing, and Slirn- ■ ■ See Cutting, Burning, Tapping, Cautery, ESc.

'The Word in its Original Greek bHupai;, fignifiesZJi-

Pjjeresis, A/c/p£ff/f, is alfo ufed in Medicine for the Faring out, or Confirming of the Veffels, or Canals of

ing, he is apparently miflaken : For both in Cicero, and in the Infcription he quotes Irom Grater XXI. 8. we have only Difpater, and not Diefpater.

DIET, in Medicine, SSc. a fpare Regimen or Courfe of living, out of regard to Health; See Regimen, and Health.

Diet is a foveraigriRcinedy againft all Difeafes arifine

Animal Body : when, from fome cutting, or corroding Caufe from Repletion. See Disease, Repletion, £Sc.

Diet is founded on this, that Nature ought not to be bu- lled, and diftracted in the Concocting ot Food, but left wholly to her Work of digefting, and expelling the morbi- fic Matter. See Food.

The Word is form'd from the Greek fta-tru, which fig- As AitltS into Aulai. nifies Regimen, or Rule of Life, prefcribed by Phyficians; And as the Phyficians ufually order a fpare, fcanty Msttir Dijeresis, ' is alfo ufed in the general for any Divifion cum, lefs than is ufually taken 3 Diet has pafs'd into a

Name lor this Rerrenchemenr, or Diminution of the ordi- nary Quantity of Food, whether it be by Advice of a Phy- fician, or by a Perfon's own Choice: provided it be to re- move, or prevent !bme Diforder.

For the Advantages of a fpare fimfle Diet, fee Absti- nence, and Fasting.

Dr. Cheyne /hews, how one may fupply the Place of Me- dicines by 'Diet : Any one, fays he, may loft a Pound of Blood, take a Purge, or a Sweat, by dropping the great Meal, or Abstaining from Animal Food, and llrong Li- quors for four or five Days, in Chronical Cafes, as ef- fectually as by opening a Vein, fwallowing a Dofe of Pills, or taking a Sudorific Solus. He advif'es therefore all Gentlemen of a fedentary Life, and of learned Profeffions, Dies Non Juridici, or Nefafti, are all Sundays in the to ufe as much Abflinence as pofftbly they can, confidently Year ; and in Eafter Term, the Feaft of the Afccnfion of w'ith the Prefervation of their Strength, and Freedom of our Lord; In Trinity Term, the Nativity of St. John the Spirits. This they ought to have recourfe to, afloon as Baptill ; In Michaelmas Term, the Feaft of All Saints, and they find any Heavinefs, Inquietudes, reitlefs Nights, or All Souls; And in Hillary Term, the Purification of the Avcrfion ^Application: Either by leffcning one half Blcffed Virgin.

The fame Diftindtion holds not only as to Legal Pro- ceedings in Court, t?c. but alfo as to Contracts.

In feme ancient Authors, Dies is alfo ufed for daily Pro- vilion. Et reddebat diniidimn Diem Mellis, q. d. as much Koney as ferv'd the King's Family half a Day.

Dies dams, is a Day, or Time of Refpitc given to the Tenant, or Defendant by the Court. See Departure.

certain Paffages are made, which naturally ought not to have been, or certain natural Paffages are dilated beyond ordinary ; So that the Juices which ihould have been con- tain'd therein, extravafare, or run over. Slanchard.

DiJ£ RE5IS > ' n Grammar, a Figure whereby a Diph- thong is divided 'into two Syllables. SceDiiHTHONi

3LRESIS, ' IS aUU UlCCl 111 IDE

of one Syllable into two ; as in "that Verfe of Tibullus, Ster/iina non tilli diffoluenda Deo, for dififolvenda.

This is ufually noted by two Points placed over a Let- ter to ihew that it is founded by it felf, and not joyn'd with any other, fo as to make a Diphthong : Thus Aera, by the Points over the e, is diftingui !h'd from j£ra.

It is alfo a Kind of Metaplafm, or Addition to a Word, by dividing one Syllable into two ; as Aulae, by a 2)/terefis, is of three Syllables, inftead of Aul<£.

DIES. See Day.

Dies, in common Law. There arc two Kinds afDays: juridici, & Non Juridici.

Dies Juridici, or Fafii, are all Days wherein Tuftice is adminiilcr'd in Court. See Fasti.

DIESIS, in Malic, a Divifion of a Tone, leffer than a Parliament, c?c.

rfion

their ufual Quantity of Animal Food, and ftrong Liquors, till fuch Time as they regain their wonted Freedom, and Indolence ; Or by living a due Time wholly on Vegetable Diets, as Sago, Rice, Pudding, and the like, and drink- ing only Wine and Water. E[fay on Health, Sec.

Diet, or Dyet, is alfo ufed for an Affembiy of the States, or Circles of the Empire, or Poland, to deliberate, and concert Mcafures for the public Good. See State,

Semi-tone ; or an Interval confifting of a leffer, or imper- fect Semi-tone. See Tone.

The Diefis is the fmalleft, and fofteft Change, or In- flexion of the Voice imaginable. It is alfo call'd a Feint, and exprefs'd by a St. Andrew's Crofs, or Saltier.

The Diet s of the Empire are ordinarily held at Ratis- bon. See College, Empire, Elector, &c.

The General Diet of Poland is by the Laws only to be held every two Years. But preffmg Occafions convene them every Year. The Laws confine their Sitting to 1 5 Days ;

Its ufual

Arillotle aWsDiefes the Elements of Voice, as Letters but they frequently protract it to fix Weeks, c thofe of Difcourfe. Indeed, Ariftotle's Diefis were Place is at Warfaw, the Capital of the Kingdom ; tho'

- it has been often held at other Places : In Effect, as by the Laws every third Diet is to be convened at Grodno, in Lithuania ; whenever for particular Reafons it is judg'd meet to baulk the Turn, and hold it elfewhere, the Nobility

apparently different from ours : And we find Vitruvius exprefsly making the Diefis a fourth Part of a Tone. But the Pythagoreans, who are held the Inventors of the Name Diefis, did riot make it fo fmall ; they only di

vided the Tone into two unequal Parts, and call'd the leffer of the Grand Dutchy mult confent to it. 'Tis the King

Die/is, which we call the kffcr Semi-tone; and the greater, fixes the Time, and fummons it by Circular Letters fenn

which'wc call the greater Semi-tone, they call'd Anatome. to all the Palatins. In an Interregnum, the Arch-Biifiop

See Semitone. of Gnejen calls the Diet. The feveral Particular Diets,

But in After-times, when the Tone came to be divided which are held fix Weeks before the General One, do each

into three and four Parts, the Name Diefis was retain'd fend three Deputies chofe^out of the Members thereof.

to them all. And hence thofe different Accounts we meet withal in Authors, of the Quantity of the Diefis.

The EnharmonicalDinsis is the Difference between a greater, and leffer Semi-tone.

Diefes are divided into three Kinds : The Leffer En-

In

Poland there are likewife Diets on Hcrie-back, held in the Campagne, or Country. Such are thofe wherein they chufe their King. They are call'd Pofpclites.

There are likewife Diets held in Switzerland : Diets of theProteftant Cantons; Diets of theCatholick Cantons; and

Urniinical Diefis, or Simple Diefis, denoted by a fingle General Diets. The firft aflemb lent Aran, and arc convo-

Crofs, raifes the Note following by two Comma's, or about ked by the Canton oi Zurich : The fecorid at Lucem, con-

■'- of a Tone- The Chromatic, or double Diefis, denoted voked by the Canton of that Name. 1 he third,, compofed

by a double Crofs, raifes the following Note by a leffer of the Deputies of all the Cantons, both Proteftant and

Semi-tone, or about 4 Comma's ; which is the common Catholick, is held twice :a Year at the End _of June, and

Diefis: The Greater Enbarmomcal Diefis, denoted by the Beginmng^of 2)e«« *»v andmeets aW a triple Crofs, raifes the Note by 6, or 7 Comma's, or about

i of 'a Tone. None but the double Diefis is ufed in Mufic. A Flat is frequently ufed to take away the Diefis, and a Diefis to take away a Flat.

When Semi-tones are placed where regular Tones ihould he ; or a Tone where there ftiould be a Semi-tone, it is call'd a Diefis, or a Feint.

DIESPITER, in Antiquity, a Name given to Jupiter.

Some Authors will have it the fame withDios pater, Ju- piter, Father, Jupiter being call'd in Greek ZiCs, or Ast/< ; whence the oblique Cafes S'lk, J», *3c. Others hold Diefpiter to fignific Diet pater, Father of the Day. St. •Avgufiin derives the Name from Dies, Day ; and Par- ..

tus, Production, Bringing forth ; it being Jupiter that chardl. to intimate, that he held not his Empire in Val- brings forth the Day. Of which Sentiment arc Senilis, falage of any Mortal. See Motto. and Macrobilis ;■• the former adding, that in the Language

Tis the Canron of Zurich has the Right oi convening it.

The Word Diet in this Senfe comes from Di&ta, which originally fignified a Hall, or 'Ranquetting Room; and at length an Affembly of the States, by reafon the Ger- mans held molt of their Councils at Table.

DIETA, in our old Law-Books, denotes a Journey, or Days- Journey : Omnis Rationabilis Dieta confiat em viginti Miliaribas. Flcta.

DIETETIC, or Dietetica, that Part of Phyfic, which confiders the way of living with Relation to Food, or Diet, fuitable to particular Cafes. See Food, and Diet,

DIEU £? man Droit, q. d. God and my Rig>h £>? Motto of the Arms of England, firft given by King Ri-

°f the Ojci, they call'd him Lucentius ; and Diefpiter in Lath. Snuvius Antiq. Rom. Synt. C. I. feems to inti- mate, that Diefpiter is Pluto ; But if that be his mean

It was afterwards taken up by Edward III. when he firft claim'd the Crown of F ranee; and was con- tinued without Interruption to the Tims of King William III. who ufed the Motie, Je mamtiendray s

tho'