Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/575

 DIA

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DIA

Diartbrofis is of three Kinds : i. When the Head of V, Bone' is big, and long, and the Cavity that receives it, iZ„- it is calFd Enartgrops: Such is that of the Thigh, ith'thcHip. i. When the Head of the Bone is flat, and theCavity t f, a[ rccc i vcs j t fuperficial, it is call'd Artbrodia: fuch is that of the Jaws, with the Bones of the Temples. . When two Bones receive each other reciprocally, and are Moveable in each other, it is call'd Ginglgmm: Thus the

Cubitus receives

the Radius, at the fame Time that the Ra

iitls receives the Cubitus. See Enarthrosis, Gingly-

J)'i arthrosis Synarthroidalis, call'd alfo Amphiartbro- fis is a Kind of neutral, or dubious Articulation ; being neither abfolutely Diartbrofis, as not having a manifefl Motion ; nor abfolutely Synartbrofis, as not being quite immoveable.

Thus the Articulations of the B ibs, with the Vertebra, and thofe of the Bones of the Carpus, and Tarfiis, among each other, sre SynartbroidalDiartbroJes. See Ribs, S$c.

The Word comes from J~i£, and ap6p n, yunBure, Af-

DIARY Fever, is a Fever of one Day. See Ephe- mera-

DIASCORDIUM, in Pharmacy, a Kind of Elefluary, or Opiate, firfl defcribed by Fracaftorius, and denominated from Scordium, which is an Ingredient therein. See Scor- dium.

The other Ingredients arc red Rofes, Bole, Storax, Cin- namon, Cafiia Lignea, 'Dittany, Tormentille Roots, Bi- ilort, Gentian, Galbanum, Amber, 'Terra Sigitlata, Opium, Long Pepper, Ginger, Mel Rofatum, and Malmfey.

It is ufed againfl malignant Fevers, the Plague, Worms, the Colic, to provoke Sleep, and refill: Putrefaction.

DIASEBESTEN, in Pharmacy, a foft, purgative Elec- tuary, whereof Sebefies are the Saps. See Sebestes.

The other Ingredients are Prunes, Tamarinds, Juices of Iris, Anguria, and Mercurialis, Vetiidia, fimfle Diapru- ■ntiw, Violet Seed, the four cold Seeds, and Diagrydimn. It is good in intermitting, and continued Fevers, appeafes Third, promotes Sleep, and expels the morbid Humors by Urine.

DIASENNA, in Pharmacy, a foft, purgative Elefluary, thus call'd from Senna, which is its Bale. See Senna.

The other Ingredients are Sugar Candy, Cinnamon, La- pis Lazuli, Silk, Cloves, Galanga Minor, black Pepper, Nardus Indian, Seed of the Safilica, Leaves of Cloves, Cardammmim, Saffron, Ginger, Zedoary, Rofemary Flowers, Long Pepper, Lapis Armenius, and Honey.

Diaflenna eafes and comforts the Melancholic, and Sple- netic; and is good againfl allDifeafes arifing from mAtra- bilis.

DIASTEM, in Mufick, a Name the Ancienrs gave to a fimple Interval ; in Contra-diflindlion to a compound Inter- val, which they call'd a Syfiem. See Interval.

Muficians divide Intervals into two Kinds : One of them call'd Syfiem, which is to contain at leaft two Intervals in any Kind of Mufic whatever ; but many, contain more.

The other, call'd Diaflem, is a mere, or fingle In- terval ; The proper Signification of the Greek fi&rupa: being Interval. See System.

DIASTOLE, in Anatomy, 'Dilatation, orDiflention; a Term exprefling that Motion of the Heart, and Arteries, whereby thofe Parts dilate, or diftend themfelvet : The other oppofite Motion is call'd the Syflole, and Artery ; wherein they contract themfelves. See Heart.

The Diaflole of rhe Heart is properly the Recefs of the Parietes of the two Ventricles from each other ; the Enlarge- ment of their Cavities and Diminution of their Lengths, or their Approximation to a Spherical Form. See Systole.

The Diaflole, or Dilatation of the Heart, arifes from the Blood brought, by the Veins, into its Ventricles ; and that of the Arteries, from the Blood thrown into their Cavities by the Contraction of the Heart. So that the Diaflole of the Heart, and Arteries, is not effected at the fame Time ; the Diaflole of the Heart happening when the Arteries are contrafled, and that of the Arteries when the Heart is con- trafted.

What we call the Beating of the Pulfe, is only the Dia- Jlole of the Arteries. See Pulse.

The Lungs and Bread have likewife their Syflole, and Maple; to has the Brain. See Lungs, £?c.

The Word is Greek, form'd from the Verb SinriX/i?*' to fcfarate, open.

The true Caufe of AmDiaflole of the Heart was but lamely accounted for before Dr. Drake. That the Heart is a Mufcle, is made evident beyond all doubt by Dr. Lower ; and that the Motion of all Mufcles confifts in Conflriction, is not to be doubted. By fuch means the Syflole is cafily accounted for. But in as much as the Heart has no Anta- gonifl Mufcle, the Diaftole has puzzled the greateft Wits. Dr.Zo-aier unhappily attributes it to a Motion of Re-

flation. As the Motion of the Heart, fays he is p«f - form'd by Contraction ; and as the Fibres of the Heart are alone form'd for Conflriction ; it is evident all the Mo- tion of the Heart lies in its Syflole ; And that the Fibres, in the feveral Contractions, being flretch'd beyond their Tone, affoon as the Nifus is over, the Heart relaxes again by a Motion of Reftitution, A nullo enim Cordis Mom mfi Tenfionem ejus remittente, & ab irrnente Sanguine LWaftole ejus libratis Vicibus fnccedit. de Corde, V y t] Mr. Cowper accounts for the Diaflole from the Analogy the Heart of an Animal bears to the 'Pendulum's of thofe Artificial Automata, Clocks and Watches : its Mo- tion is perform'd like that of other Mufcles, the Elood doing the Office of a 'Pondlis, or Weight. Both thefe No- tions Dr. Drake refutes ; and with great Rcafon and Pro- bability maintains the Weight of the Atmofphere to be the 'Pondus, or Counterpoife to the contractive Force of the Heart. See Heart.

It has long been known, that the dura Mater has a Syflole and Diaflole, exactly correfponding to thofe of the Heart. But its Caufe was not fo well known. Dr. Ridley, in the Tbilofopb. TranfaB, having bored a Hole in the upper Part of the 2ng»j of a Dog, firfl perceived rhe al- ternate Vibrations of the dura Mater ; then, continuing the Hole to the Brain, he found both by his Eye, and even af- terwards by Touch, very fenfibly, that there was a like briik Syflole and Diaflole of the Brain. See Brain.

Diastole, in Grammar, a Figure whereby a Syllable naturally fhort, is made long. Thus it is, that Virgil begins a Vcrfe with the Word Italus, the firfl. Syllable whereof is fhort.

DIASTYLE, in the ancient Architecture, an Edifice, where the Columns ftand at fuch Diflance one from an- other, that eight Modules, or four Diameters, are allowed for the Intercolumniation. See Intercolumni ation.

DIASYRMIS, inRhetoric, a kind ofHyperbole ; or an Ex- aggeration offome low ridiculous Thing. Sec Hvf erbole.

DIATESSARON, in Pharmacy, a Sort of Treacle, thus call'd becaufe confiding of four Ingredients, which are Roots of Ariflolocbia, and Gentian, Laurel-berries, and Myrrh. See Treacle.

It is alfo call'd Tberiaca <Pauperum, becaufe made at a very eafy Expence, and in a fhort Time. It is good againfl Stingiiigs of venomous Beafls, Epilepfies, Convul- fions, Colicks, to ftrengthen the Stomach, and promote the Menfes.

The Word is Greek, and fignifies a Compofition offour Drugs.

DIATESSARON, in the ancient Mufic, was a Concord or harmonical Interval, compofed of one greater Tone, one lefler, and one greater Semi-tone ; Its Proportion being as 4 to 3. See Concord.

In the modern Mufic, it is call'd a perfect Fourtb. See Fourth.

DIATHESIS, a Term ufed by fome Writers, in the fame Senie with Conftitution. See Constitution.

DIATONIC, an Epithet given the common Mufic, as it proceeds by different Tones, or Degrees, both afcending, and defcending. See Music, and Genera.

Authors divide the Sorts ofMufic into Diatonic, Chro- matic, and Enharmonic.

Diatonic Mufic only allows of three Degrees; the greater and lefferTone, and the greater Semi-tone. See Tone, and Degree.

Hence Diatonic Mufic appears the moft natural, and of Confequence is the moil ancient. The Genus, or Kind, which makes the Character of the Diatonic Mufic, is call'd the Diatonic Kind, or Genus.

In the Diatonic Mufic there is a Tone between every two Notes, except between Mi and Fa, and Si and Ct > where there is only a greater Semi-tone. See Scale.

DIATRAGACANTH, in Pharmacy, is applied to cer- tain Powders, whereof Gum Adraganth is the Bafe. There are two Kinds, Cold and Hot.

Powder of Cold Diatragacantb is compofed of the Gums Adraganth and Arabic, Liquorice, Starch, white Poppy Seed, and the four great cold Seeds. It is good try thicken, and foften the too fharp, and fubtile ferous Hu- mours falling on the Breaft, to affuage Coughs, and pro- mote Spitting.

Powder of Hot Diatragacantb is compofed of Gum Adraganth, Cinnamon, Hyffop, Almonds, Lin-Seed, and Fennegreek, Liquorice, Juice of Liquorice, and Ginger* It is good againfl Afthma's, to promote Expectoration, flrcngthen the Stomach, and affift Digeflion.

DIAZEUTIC Tone, in the ancient Greek Mufic, was- that which disjoyn'd two Fourths, one on each Side of it, and which being joyn'd to either, made a Fifth. This, in their Mufic was from Mefe to 'Paramefe ; that is, in ours, from A to B : Suppofing Mi to ftand in Bflub Mi. They allowed to this DiaaeuticToue, which is our La, Mi, tlvj