Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/558

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DEV

This, fay the S;hcol-mcn, proceeds either from an Efficient Caufe, in which Cafe the Determination is call'd Effective 5 as when an Artift determines an Inftrument to a certain Action : Or from the Form., as that determines the Jndif- ferency of the Matter ; And thus our Senfes arc faid to be Determinations, to have Ideas upon the Prefence of exter- nal Objects.

A Determination to be pleas'd with certain Forms, or Ideas, a late excellent Author calls, an Internal* Scnfe ; and a Determination to be pleas'd with virtuous Actions, Characters, Manners, &c. a Moral Scnfe : Or, the Determination is from the Mcater, or Subject that receives the Action ; And thus, the Heating of Fire upon Clay determines it to harden, upon Wax to fof- ten, &c. Or it is from the Object 5 as when we fay, Co- lour determines the Viflve 'Power : Or laftly, it is from the End ■■, as the End determines: the Define.

Determination is either Moral, or c Phyfcal : A Moral Determination is that proceeding from a Caufe, which op&- rates Morally, i.e. by Commanding, Perfuading, orAdvis iing fome Efft tt. 'PhyficalDeterminatio??, is an Act where- by God excites, and applies a fecond Caufe to act antece- dently to all Operation of the Creature. Such a Determi- nation, the 'Thomifs and Dominicans maintain neceffary to all, and lingular Action of every Creature. The Jefuits, on the contrary, deny that God thus determines even fe- cond Caufes ; and hold, that God has no Influence on the fecond Caufes, but only with the fecond Caufe on the Action. And thus they exclude a Phyfical Determination both from natural Caufes, as fuppofing them already determined by Nature to act ; fo that there needs no other external 'De- termination from God to the feveral Actions j and from free Caufes, as fuppofing fuch ^^redetermination contrary to our Natural Liberty. See Cause, Thomists, ti?c.

DETERSIVE, in Medicine, the fame with Detergent. See Detergfnt.

A Clyller is a deterfve Medicine, which cleanfes the lower Venter. Deterfve Unguents are ufually call'd Mon- dificatives. See Mondificative.

The Leaves, and Summets ot the Straw-berry are deter- fve, and aftringent.

DETINET, in Law. See Debito, and Debet and Solet.

DETINUE, a Writ that lies againft a Man, who having Goods or Chattels dcliver'd to keep, refufes to re-deliver them : anfwering, in great Mcafure, to the Actio Depofiti of the Civilians.

He takes his Action of Detinue, to recover the Thing de- tained, not the Damages fuitain'd by the Detinue,

DETONATION, or Fulmination, in Chymiftry, the Noife which Minerals make when they begin to heat in Crucibles; by the volatile Parts rufhing out with Irnpctuo- fity, and the Humidity efcaping.

Detonation is much the fame with Decrepitation, only its Action more forcible, and the Noife greater. Thus,^«- rumfulminans heated, &c. goes off with a violent Crack, /. e. makes a great Detonation.

Detonation takes away the impure, volatileSulphur from Eodies.

The Word is form'd of de, and tcno, I thunder.

In the Cbymical Senfe, Detonation is the Act, or Opera- tion of expelling the impure, volatile, and fulphureous Parts out ot Bodies, and leaving behind the fix'd, and internal Parts. It is pcrform'd by means of Salt-petre, &c.

DETRANCHEE, among the French Heralds, iignifies a Line bend-wife, which does not come from the very Angle, but either from fomePart of the upper Edge, and thence tail- ing a-thwart, or Diagonally; or from Part of the Dexter-Side.

They fay, Tranchee, Detranchee, and Retranchee, to denote, that there are two Diagonal Lines, making two Partitions in the Efcutcheon, ana coming from the Angles, and a third from fome of the other Parts abovementioned.

DEVASTAVERUNT 'Bona tefatoris, a Writ lying againft Executors, for paffing Legacies, and Debts, without Specialties, to thcPrejudice of theCreditors that have Spe- cialties before the Debts on the faid Specialties are due. In which Cafe the Executors are as liable to Actions, as if they had notorioufly wafted the Goods of the Teitator, or con- verted them to their ownUl'c ; and are compellable to pay fuch Debts by Specialty out of their own Goods.

DEVENERUNT, a Writ anciently directed to the Ef- cheator, after the Death of a Tenant of the Kin? holding in Capite 5 And that, of his Son, and Heir, within Age, and in the King's Cultody 5 commanding the Efcheator to' enquire, upon the Oaths of good and lawful Men what Lands and Tenements, by the Death of the Tenant come to the King.

DEVIATION, in the old Aftronomy, a Motion of the Deferent, orExcentric, whereby it advances to, or recedes from the Ecliptic. See Deferent.

The greater! Deviation of Mercury is itfMinutes ; that e&Venus only ten. See Excentricity.

DEVIL, Diaholiis, an evil Angel- and on P nf *i,«r lcftialSpirits caft down fromHeaven, for pretc n 1i f CC \

himfelf with God. See Daemon, ' ^tending to equal

We find no mention of the Devil in the Old T n but only Satan. Sec Satan. ± lament,

Nor do we meet with the Word Devil in anv He th Authors, in the Signification attach 'd to it amono'ChriiV that is, as a Creature revolted from God ; the?r TheolT' went no further than to evil Genii, at Damons who harrf? fed, and pcrfecuted Mankind. Thus, the Chaldteans bV lieved both a good Principle, and an evil Principle, which was an Enemy of Mankind.

The Relations we have of the Religion of the Americans affurc us of fome idolatrous Nations, who worfhip the De- vil : But the Term Devil muft not here be taken in tlie Scripture Senfe : Thofe People have an Idea of two Colla- teral Independent Beings, one whereof is good, and the other evil. And they place the Earth under the Guidance, and Direction of the evil Being; which our Authors, with fome Impropriety, call the Devi I.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Diabolus, which comes from the Greek AieiCohi;, Accufer, or Calumniator. The Mthiofiam- paint .the Devil white, to be even with the Europeans, who reprefent him black. Ludolph.

DEVISE, in Heraldry, a Name common to all Figures Cyphers, Characters, Rebus's, Motto's, Sentences, Pro- verbs, iSc. which, by Allufion to the Names ofPerfons, or Families, denote their Nobility, or Qualities. See Cyp h ek , Character, Badge, Motto, Proverb, Rebus, iSc.

Devife, in this Senfe, is of a much older Standing, than Heraldry itfelf; being that which gave the firilRife to Ar- mories : Thus, the Eagle was the Devife of the Roman Empire : Thus S P Qjv was the Devife of the Roman People ; and ftill continues to be what they call the Efcut- cheon of the City of Rome. See Arms.

The firft Devifes were fimple Letters diftributed on the Borders of the Liveries, Huntings, and Banners, and at length on the Shields. Thus the K. was the Devife of the French Kings of the Name of 'Charles, from Charles V. to Charles IX.

There were alfo Devifes by Rebus's, Equi vocals, orAl- lufions, both to Names, and Arms. The Dukes of Guife took for their Devife an A in an O, to fignifie each in his Tarn. And the Houfe of Senecai, In Virtute iS Ilonore Senefces. Some that had Towers in their Arms, Turris mea Deus, &c. See Rebus.

There are alfo Enigmatical Devifes : As that of the Golden Fleece, with Autre n'aurai ; Intimating that 'Philip theGood, who inftitutcd thatOrder, renounced every other Woman, but Ifabella of 'Portugal, whom he then married. See Enigma.

Devifes fometimes contain entire Proverbs ; As that of Crefar Borgia, am Ctefar am Nihil. See Proverb.

The Word Devife is form'd from the Latin divider e, and was applied to the Things juft mentioned, as well as thofe hereafter mentioned, by reafon they ferved to divide, fe- parate, and diftinguifh Perfons, Parties, &c. Fa. Alene- trier obfervos, that there as many different Kinds of De- vifes, as there are different Manners of diftinguifhing one another, or as there arc fimple Figures, or Words, capable of expreffing Qualities, Offices, Virtues, Actions, (3c. of Perfons, and ot notifying, or diftinguifhing them from others.

Devise, is now taken in a more reftrain'd Senfe, for an Emblem 5 or a Reprefentation of fome natural Body, with a Motto, or Sentence applied in a figurative Senfe to the Advantage of fome Perfon. See Emblem.

In this Senfe, the Figure, or Image, is call'd the Sodv, and the Motto the Soul of 'the Devife.

A Devife is a Sort of Metaphor, reprefenting one Object by another wherewith it has fome Refcmblanee. So that a Devife is only true, when it contains a Metaphorical Simi- litude, and may it fclf be reduced into a Comparifon. Lail- ly, it is a Metaphor painted, and vifible, and that ftrikes the Eye. All theft Circumftances are required to a Devife; and without them, a Figure only makes a Hieroglyphic, and the Word, only a Diction, or Sentence. See Allu- sion, Metaphor, Hieroglyphic, Simile, iSc.

Fa. Bouhours gives a clean and accurate Explication of the Word Devife, in an Extract inferted in the •Journal de Trevoux. A Devife, fays he, is a Composition, orA£fem- blagc of Figures drawn from Nature and Art, call'd ths 'Body; and ot a few Words adapted to the Figure, and call'd the Soul. Such a Compound, adds he, we make ufe of to denote our Thought, or Intention by Comparifon ; for the EfTence ot the Devife confifis in a Comparifon taken from Nature, or Art, and founded on a Metaphor. This he illu* Urates in the following Inftance : A young Nobleman of great Courage, and Ambition, bore for his Devife, in the iaft Carroufiel at the Court of France, a Rocket mounted in the Air, with this Italian Motto, Poco duri fcurcbe m'lnalsi, I would laft little, provided I might rife high ; which feems to hold forth the following Dtfcourie : As

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