Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/553

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DEPUTATION, a MhTion of certain feleft Perfons out f a Company, or Body, to a Prince, or AfTembly, to treat f Matters in theirNamcj or toprofccute fome Affair there- in. See Deputy.

'<jy e Miations are 'more or lefs folemn, according to the Quality of thofc who fend them, and the Bufinefs they are lent upon.

(Deputation is not properly applied where afinglePer- fon fends another with fuch Commiffion5 but only where a Body are concerned. The Parliament deputed the Speaker, ar.d 6 Members, to prefent their Addrcfs to his Majefly. The Chapter deputed two Canons, to follicit their Affair j n Council.

DEPUTY, a Perfon font, or deputed hy fome Commu- nity in their Name, and Behalf. See Deputation.

Tfhe feveral Provinces of the French Dominions fend2?<?- iutics to the King every Year, to prefent him the Cayer %\ JUt&tS : There are always three ^Deputies, one from each Order. 'Tis the Deputy of the firft Order, that makes the Compliment to the King.

In the Cities ot Tu'rky, there are always ^Deputies, to treat w ith the Grand Seignior's Officers, as to Taxes, and other Concerns. Thc&Z)eputies are three or four of the richeft, and moil confidcrable among the Burgeffes.

Deputy, is alfo frequently ufed among us, for an Office, of Employ ; not a Dignity; and flands indifferently for aVice, orLieutenant. See Lieutenant, and Vice.

Among the Ancients, ZDeputatus was applied, Firft, to Armorers, or Workmen employed in the making of Armour in the Forges, £5V. And fecendly, to a Sort of buiie People, who followed the Army, and in Engagements were charged to bring off, and take Care of the Wounded.

Deputatus, cAe-TOTrtTOf, was alfo an inferior Officer in the Church of Constantinople, whofe Bufinefs was to call

nailery ,s that near Cogmm Natolta w J,ere the General makes his Refidence ; and wlvere all the Affemblies of the Order are held : the other Houfes bang all dependent of "us ; which Privilege Ottoman I. granted this Mtimftri-v . The Dervis effecT: a World of Modefly, Patience, bS- hty, and Chatity. They always go bare-legged, and open- breafted, and frequently burn themfelvcs with hot Iron, to enure themfelves to Patience. They always fall on Wcdnef- days, eating nothing on thofe Days till after Sun-fet. Tues- days and Fridays they hold Meetings, at which the Supe- rior of the Houfe prefides. One of them plays all the while on a Flute, and the reft dance, turning their Bodies round andround with the greateft Swiftnefs imaginable. Long Cuftom to thisExercffe from their Youth, has brought them tofuchpafs, that it does not maze, or difcompofc them at «r Praftice they ohferve with great Strianefs, in

Memory of Mevelava their Patriarch's turning miraculous- ly round, for the Space of four Days, without any Food, or Refreshment ; his Companion Hamfa playing all the while on the Flute ; after which he fell into an Ext'afy, and there- in receivd wonderful Revelations for the EftabliShment of his Order. They believe the Flute an Inftrument confe- crated by Jacob, and the Shepherds of the Old Teftament ; by reafon they fang the Praifes of God rhercon. They pro- fefs Poverty, Chaftity, and Obedience, and reaily keep it while they remain JDenpifei; But if theychule to go out, and marry, they are always allowed.

The Generality of Dervifes are Charletahs : Some ap- ply themfelves to Legerdemain, Poflures, iSc. to amufe the People ; Others give into Sorcery, and Magic : But all of them, contrary to Mahomet's, Precept, drink Wine, Bran- dy, and other fuddling Liquors, to give them the Degree of Gayety their Order requires.

Befide their great Saint Mevelava ; there are particular

the wiurcn or ^tmjiuuitnuyte, wuuic jaumieis was 10 can nenue rneir great oaint jvievetava ; there are particular

Perfons of Condition the Patriarch had a Mind to fpeak Saints honour'd in fome particular Monaileries : As Kederle,

thai, and to keep off the Crowd where the Prelate walk'd. greatly rever'd in the Monafterics of Egypt, and held by

ibme to be St. George, and by others, with more Probabi- lity, the Prophet Elias. The Dervifes are great Travellers ; And under Pretence of preaching, and propagating their Faith, are continually parking from one Place to another : On which Account they have been frequently ufed as Spies; There are alfo Dervicbes in Perfia, call'd in rhat Coun- try Abdah, q. d. Servants of God. They lead a very penu- rious, auftere Life, and preach the Alcoran in the Streets, Coffee-Houfes, and wherever they can meet with Auditors. The PerSian Dervicbes retail little but Fables to the People, and arc in the laft Contempt among the Men of Wit, and

This Deputy appears to have been a Sort oil/fier, or T: Staff. But he had likewife the Care of the facred Veft- ments; in which he approach'd the Office of aSacriftan.

DERELICTS, in the Civil-Law, are fuch Goods as are wilfully thrown away, or relinquifh'd by the Owner. The Term is alfo ufed for fuch Lands, as the Sea receding from leaves dry, and fit for Cultivation.

DERIVATION, in Grammar, the Connexion, or Affi- nity one Word has with another, by having been originally form'd from it. See Etymology.

Derivation, in Medicine, the diverting a Humour, which flows on fome noble Part, and drawing it to fome Lettcts.

other neighbouring Part, where it is lefs dangerous. See

HuMOUR.

Thus, in Defluxions upon the Eyes, or Teeth, they apply a Blifter behind the Keck to draw the Matter thither : And in a Squinancy, they prefcribc Bleeding in the Ranlll£, or Veins under the Tongue, to divert the Humour from fall- ing on the Throat. See Defluxion, and Fluxion.

DERIVATIVE, in Grammar, a Word, or Diction, which takes its Origin from another Word, call'd its 'Primitive. See Primitive.

Such is the WoidDerivathe, which takes its Origin from the Primitive Rhus, a Rivulet or Channel, out of which leffer Streams are drawn ; and thus Manhood, Deity, lawyer, &c. are derived from Man, Deus, Law, ike.

DERMA, in Anatomy, the Cutis, or Skin of an Animal ; or the Tegument inverting the whole Body immediately un- der the Cuticle, or Scarf-Skin. See Cutis.

The Derma confilts of two Parts, the Corpus reticulare^ and the Paf>ill£ pyramid.ales: See Skin, Reticulars, and Papillte.

The Word comes from the Greek, to flea, or ex- coriate.

DERNIER Rejfort. See Ressort.

Whatever Power is committed by the King to any other, the Dernier RejJ'ort is ftill remaining in himfelf 5 fo that he may fit in Court, and take Cognizance of Caufes; except in Felonies, Treafons, and other Cafes, where he himfelf is a Party.

DEROGATION, an A3 contrary to a preceeding one, 2nd that annuls, deftroys, and revokes it.

Derogations, in general Terms, are not regarded in Judi- cature ; they muft be in fpecific, and in formal Terms.

A new Law imporrs a Derogation of a former one : A fecond Teftament is a Derogation of a firft.

DEROGATORY, a Ciaufe importing Derogation. If a Perfon own himfelf indebted in a certain Sum; notwith- standing any Quittance he has obtain'd for the fame, the Act is derogatory.

DERVIS, orDERVICHES, a Sort of Monks among the Turks, who lead a very auftere Life, and profefs extream Poverty; tho' allowed to marry.

The Dcrvis, call'd alfo Mevelavites, are a Mahometan Order of Religious; rhe Chief, or Founder whereof Was one Mevelava. They are now very numerous. Their firft Mo-

npofirig in feveral

. on the con- Counter.-

The Word is originally Perfian UVHl, Signifying a Beg- gar, or Perfon who has nothing. And by reafon rhe Re- ligious, and particularly the Fofiowers'or Mevelava, pro- fefs not to poffefs any Thing ; they call both the Religious in general, and the Mevelavites in particular, Dervis, ot Dervicbes.

DESCANT, in Mufic, the Art of Comp Parts. See Composition.

Defiant is three-fold ; viz. Plain, Figurate, and Double.

Plain Descant, is the Ground-work, or Foundation of Mufical Compofirion, and confifts altogether in the or- derly Placing of many Concords ; anfwering to Jimple Cottis- ter-point.

Figurate, or .RotvWDescant, is that wherein Difcords are concern 'd as well, tho' not fo much, as Concords. This, may be well term'd, the Ornamental, or Rhetorical Part of Mufick ; in Regard that in this are introduced all the Va- rieties ofPoints, Figures, Syncopes, Diversities ofMeafures, and whatfoever elfe is capable of adorning the Composition.

Double Descant, is when the Parts are fo contrived, that the Treble may be made the Bafs ; trary, the Bafs the Treble. See Harmony, point, $Sc.

DESCENDANT, in Genealogy, a Term relative to Afiendant, and applied to a Perfon, who is born, or iffued from fome other here referr'd to. See Ascendant.

Adam infected all his Defcendants with Original Sin; See Original Sin.

The Defcendants from the Brothers of the Maid of Or- leans, are confirm 'd in their Exemption from all Taxes* andlmpofts, by a Regulation of the Year KS34.

DESCENDING, Something that falls, or moves from* above, downwards. There are Afcending, and Defending Stars: Afcending, and Defending Degrees. See Ascen- ding, &c.

Descending Latitude, is the Latitude of a Planet in itsReturn from theNodes to the Equator. SccLatitude;

There are Afcending, and Defcending Veins, fpringing out of the Cava .- Afcending, and Defending Arteries^ riling out of the Aorta. See Cava, and Aorta.

DESC£NSlON,inAftronomy,iseither.K#fe,orO£%we;

Right Descension of a Star, or Sign, is a Point, or

Arch of the Equator, which defceuds with the Star, or Sign

below the Horizon, in a right Sphere. See Right Sphere.

H* Ob-