Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/539

 £>EF

t t75 1

DEB

A -Deedpth or polled, antiently call'd Chart a decinm cient Fortifications are eafily taken, there being nothing eparle or Charta fimplex, is a plain Deed, without In- to defend, to flank them. When we fay, Flank defends the ft ttai u * ec! > w ^ en ^Vendor, *° r Example, only feals, Courtine, we mean, not only that it is a-fide of theCour- d there is no need for the Vendee's Sealing a Confer- tine, but alfo^ that it prevents the Approaches - that Part bv Reafon the Nature of the Contract is fuch, that is, fuch as are^pofted on the Flank of a Baftion, can
 * require no Covenant from the Vendee. See Poll, fee any that come to attack the Courtine, and can'fhoot

1 DEEMSTERS, or DEMSTERS. All Controversies them, or prevent their approaching it. ■n the Ifle of Man are decided, without Procefs-Writings, Inner Defending-^;^, is the Angle CIE, made 1 r any Charges, by certain Judges chofe from among by the leffer Line of Defence wirh the Courtine. themfelves, call'd Deemjlers. Cambd. Britan. The Outer Dufenvihg- Angle, is the Angle COF, forni'd vj on \ is form 'd from the Saxon Dema, Judge, or Umpire, by the two leffer Lines of Defence CO, and FO. j)££p-o^Z*W,intheSea-Language, afmallSea-IJne The Lines, or Sides of the Rampart, or Wall, are found withal when a Ship is in very deep Water at Sea. defended by Mufkets, or Carbines, as more eafy, cheap, jit the End of this Line is a Piece of Lead, call'd and commodious than Canons. the deep Sea Lead, at the Bottom of which is a Coat To eltimate how far the Fire-Arms plac'd in any Pod f white Tallow, to bring up Stones, Gravel, Shells, or will defend 5 From the Extremes of a Line, as AB (Fig.q..) the like, from the Bottom, in order to learn the Diffe- draw Lines AC, and BD along, which the Fire-Arms rences of the Ground 5 which being enter'd from Time arc to be directed; then the Quantity of Defence is to Tim e i n their Books, by comparing of Obfervations, meafur'd by a Perpendicular AE, intercepted between they guefs by their Soundings, &c. what Coafts they are the Parallels : As is demonilrated by Mathematicians, on tW they cannot fee Land. See Sounding. Hence, firft, If from the given Angle ABE, and right

PE Expenfis MiliPum, a Writ commanding the Sheriff Line AB, you leek AE, by Trigonometry, and by Ex- t0 levy 4 Shillings per Day, to defray the Expences of a perience determine the Number of Feet anfwering to one Knight of the Shire attending in Parliament. And there Fire-Lock, or Soldier, the Quantity of 'Defence will be is a like Writ de Expenfis Civum, £5? Burgenfium, to levy had. Secondly, The Quantities of the Lines of 'Defence % Shill. /crDay for every Burgefs in Parliament. See are as their Lengths ; provided the Lines of Direction be

representative-

DE fafio, fomething actually done, or done indeed : In Con tradifti nation to de Jure, where a Thing is only fo in Jufticc, or Equity, but not in Facf.

After the Revolution, the Retainers to the abdicated King talk'd much of the Difference between a King de Jure, and de Fatlo, a Prince in actual, but not legal Pof- ieffion of the Crown 5 and another who had the Right

perpendicular thereto.

Defence, in our Law-Books, is us'd for ^^Prohi- bition : as, in Rot, 'Pari. 21. Edit. III. Cries and De- fence was made throughout England, i. e. Proclamation and Prohibition. Salmones ponantur in Defenfo. Stat. Weft. z. c. 47. Salmons are by that Act prohibited to be taken at certain Times. Ujurarios defendir Rex Edu- ardus ne remanerent in Regno IL. Edu. Conjeff. In

but not the PoffevTion. The Non- Jurors ftill hold the Che- the Statutes of Eduard I. we have one, entitled, Statu-

valier for King de Jure 5 and only allow King George for King de Fatlo.

DEFAULT, in Law, an Offence, in omitting what a Perfon ought to do, particularly before a Court of Juftice, at a Day affign'd, for which Judgment may be given againft the Defaulter.

DEFECATE, a Term applied to fome body that is purged, and clear'd of Feces, or Impurities. See F^ces.

Di filiations, and other Chymical Operations, are in- tended to feparate the molt pure, and fubtile Parts from the Feces, or Lees. See Distillation.

Spirit of Wine well defecate, eaiily evaporates. See Spirit.

DEFECTION, the Aft of Abandoning, or rejinqui/h- in<rof a Party, or Intereft a Perfon had been engag'd in. The Word is form'd of the Latin deficio, to fail of

DEFECTIVE, or DEFICIENT Nouns, in Gram- are fuch as want either a Number, a particular

Cafe,

are indeclinable. See Noun.

turn de Defenfione port andi Anna, ike. And 'tis , fended by Law, to diftrain on the High-Way.

The DzFtncz-Month is more ufually call'd Fence- Month. See SzNcn-Month.

Defences, in Heraldry, are the Weapons of any Beaft ; as, the Horns of a Stag, the Tuiks of a wild Boar, &c.

DEFENDANT, is a Term in Law, fignifying him, who is ued in an Action Perfonalj as Tenant is he, who is fued in an Acf ion Real. See Plaintiff.

DEFENDEMUS, in Law, a Term us'd in Feoff- ments, and Donations, having this Force, that it binds the Donor, and his Heirs, to defend the Donee*, if any Man go about to lay any Servitude on the Thing given, other than is contained in the Donation. See Warranty.

DEFENDERS, were anciently notable Dignitaries both in the Church and State - 7 whofe Bulinefs was to look -to the Prefervation of the public Weal, and to protect the Poor and Helplefs, and maintain the

The Term defective is alfo applied to a Verb that has Interefts, and Caufes of Churches,

not all its Moods and Tenfes. See Verb, Mood, &c.

DEFEISANCE, or DEFEIZANCE, in Law, a Condition relating to a Deed, as to an Obligation, Re- cognizance, or Statute, which being perform'd by the Obligor, or Recognizor, the A6T: is difabled, or annulled, as if it had never been done.

The Difference between a 'Provifc, c Deed, and a Defeifance, is this, that

About the Year 420 each Patriarchal Church began to have its Defender 5 which Cuftorn was afterwards introduced inro other Churches, and continued to later Days under other Names, as thofe of Advocate, and Ad- vowee. See Advocate, £?c.

In the Tear 407, we find the Council of Carthage

Condition in afking the Emperor for "Defenders of the Number of

c Provifo or Scholafici, i. e. Advocates who were in Office 5 and

annexed, or inferred i'n the Deed of Grant, that it might be allowed them to enter, and fearch

whereas a Defeifance is ufually a Deed by itfelf. the Cabinets and Papers of the Judges and other Cl-

DEFENCE in War is ufed for any Thing that Til Magistrates, whenever it Should be found neceflary

ferves to preferve, or fcreen the Soldiers, or the Place, for the Intereft of the Church

The Parapets, Flanks, Cafemates, Ravelins, and Out- The Emperor ftill retains the Quality of Advocate Works that fever the Place, nrc call'd the Defences, or of the Church : And the Kings of Great Britain pre- Covers of the Place. See Par apet, iSc. p fove the Title of defender of the Faith, granted to

And when the Canon has beat down, or ruin'd thefe King Henry VIII. by Pope Leo X. on Oceafion of that Works fo that the Men cannot fight under Covert, the Prince s Writing againft Luther, and afterwards confir- 2e/«/ c «oftheC.tyarefaidtobedemolifhU med by Clement VII n u <r, <■ J

Line of Defence, is that which flanks a Baftion, The Council of Chakedon, Can.%. calls the Defender being drawn from the Flank oppofite thereto. The of a Church En/moj. Cttdin de Officus Ante Coup Line of Defence Ihould not exceed a Mufket Shot, ('. e. makes mention of Defenders of the 'Palace. So dots no Fathoms or 720 Foot, or 60 Rhinland Vetches. 'Bollandus, AS. S. Jamt. T. i.p. 501. There was alfo a Indeed Meld'er allows 61 ; Scheiter 70 ; the Counts de Defender of the Kingdom ; Defenfor Regni ; Defenders "Pagan and Vatiban 75. There are greater Lines of c/Gr;«, Defenfores Civitatis; Defenders of the 'Peopei Defence and leffer ; call'd alfo Rafant, and Fichant. Defenfores Plebis ; Oftbe c Poor,FatherleJs,Wid<ms,&Ci Line of Defence greater, or fichant, is a right Defender of the Faith, a Title, or Quality at- Line, as EC, (T"ab. Fortification Fig.^.) drawn from the tributed w tire Kings °^Eng, Point, or Vertex of the Baftion C to the Concourfe E

of the oppofite Flank I,E, with the Courtine EA.

Line of Defence leffer, call'd alfo Rafant, and Flanquaut, is the Face of the Baftion continued to the Courtine, as CI.

Offending is ordinarily fynonimous with Flanking.^

as that of Catho- lictis to the Kings of Spain, Chrifiianiffimus to the Kings of France, and Advocatits Ecclefi£, to the Em- peror, See Title, Quality, King, iSc.

It was firft granted by Pope Leo X. to King Henry VIII. on Account of his Writing againft Martin Luther t inDefcnce of the Church of Rome ■■ And the Bull for the

SeeTiTLE.

Thus, we fav the Flank defends the Coui.ine, and fame bears Date quinto Idus OSobris 1 52

the oppofite Face of the Baftion. This Demi-Lune DEFENS1TIVE, in Medicine, and Ch.rurgery, a.

SliHk, or defends the Horn- or Crown-Work. The an- Bandage, Platter, or the like, uftd m the Ure rfji