Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/519

 CUT

( 3<*3 ) CUT

He is always a Tote of PeaeeJ and 580^»w, in the JUstac, and feveral others, maintain that the Cuticuld

County where he hath h.s Office ; and by hu Ofrice.s ra- of Women has no Pores : Moimette argues the comrarv from

.her a'Mimfterthana Judge. Becaufe the Commiffion of their Sweating; but maintains, withal, that ,h°" ' s trueTf

' Dogs and Gats, which never fweat, how mul foevet fa

, . Minifter than a Judge. u e Peace, by exprefs Words, lays this fpecial Charge up- ' him ^Jiod ad dies K? loca prgdiBa, ircvia, pr<ecepta,

treceffus, & judicamenta pnediBa coram te gf diBis focus mis venire facias.

Custos Spiritualiam, is he who exercifeth Spiritual or Ecclefaftical Jurifdiflion in any JXOcefe, during the Vacancy of the See. See Diocese.

This, by the Canon Law, belongs to the Dean and Chap- ter • but in England,^ to the Archbiftiop of the Province, by Prescription : Tho, divers Deans and Chapters do challenge
 * , hy antient Charters, from Kings of this Land.

Custos Temporalium, is the Perfon to whofe Cuftody a vacant See was committed by the King, as fupreme Lord ; ff ho, as a Steward of the Goods and Profits, was to give an account to the Efcheator, and he into the Exchequer.

His Truft continued till the Vacancy was fupply'd by a Succeflbr, who obtained the King's Writ de Refiitutione tfimporalium ; which was commonly after Confecration, but fometimes before.

In the Canon Law, we meet with a Cuflodi nos, i. e. a Confidentiary, or Incumbent of a Benefice, who borrows his > T ame of Tome other, to collect the Fruits thereof, and is to make a Refignation whenever demanded.

CUT a Feather, in the Sea Language, is when a well- bow'd Ship fo fwiftly preffes the Water, that it feems before her.- To Cut the Sail, is to unfurl it, and let it fall down.

Cvr-Water, the Shatpnefs of a Ship, which is under the Beak-head.

CUTANEOUS, fomething that concerns the Skin; whe- ther in the way of Diflemper, or Remedy. See Cutis.

Thus, we fay, Cutaneous Eruptions ; the Itch is a Cuta- neous Difeafe.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Cutis, Skin.

CUTICULA, Cuticle, in Anatomy, a thin pellucid Mem- brane, void of Senfe ; ferving as a Cover to the Cutis or Skin. See Cutis.

The Cuticula is that firft and outermoft Covering of the Body, call'd alfo Epidermis, but more commonly the Scarf- Skin ; or that foft Tegument which rifes in a Blifter upon a Burn, or the Application of a Cautery.

It flicks clofe to the Surface of the Cutis, or true Skin, to which it is alfo tied by the Veflels that nourilh it ; tho thefe are fo fmall as not to be Teen.

When examin'd by a Microfcope, it appears to confift of feveral Lays of exceeding fmall Scales, which cover one another, more or lefs, according to its different thicknefs, in the feveral Parts of the Body ; and in the Lips, where the Scales appear plaineft becaufe the Skin is thinneft, they do little more than barely touch.

Thefe Scales are either the excretory Ducts of the Glands of the Cutis ; as is the Cafe apparently in FiThes : or elfe the Glands have their Tubes, opening between the Scales. See Milliary Gland.

Leewenhoeck reckons, that in one cuticular Scale there may be 500 excretory Duels ; and that a Grain of Sand will cover 250 Scales: fo that one Grain of Sand will cover 102500 Pores or Orifices, thro' which we daily perfpire. See Perspiration, and Pore;

Yet, notwirhftanding the exceeding Porofity of the Cuti- cula, it obftructs a great Part of the ferous Humours which would otherwife be evacuated by the Glands of the Cutis ; as is evident from that plentiful Difcharge confequent on the Application of a Blifter, or other Accident, whereby ike Cuticula is remov'd, and the Cutis bared. See Vesi- catory

tigued. See Sweat.

CUTIS, in Anatomy, the Skin ; a Reticular Plexus, or Body of Veflels, immediately under the Cuticle, or Scarf- Skin. See Skin, and Cuticula.

The Veficles of the Cutis contain a mucous Liquor ; front the Tincture of which, Malpigbi, and others, take the Co- lour of the Skin to be derived ; founded on this, that the Cutis, as well as Cuticle of Blacks is white, and the Blood red, &c. and that the only thing they have peculiar in this Parr, is the Colour of this Liquor. See Negro.

The Cutis confifls of Fibres of its own ; or, according to Steno, is form'd out of the Produflions of the Tendons of the fubjacent Parts: which terminate in an infinite Number of pyramidal Papilla, interwoven with innumerable nervous Fi- bres, and other Veficles, forming what we call a 'Paren- chyma. See Parenchyma.

'Tis by means hereof that the Cutis becomes the Organ of Feeling. See Pyramidales Papilla.

The Cutis is generally connected to the fubjacent Parts by the Memlrana Adipofa, and its proper Veflels, the Veins, Arteries, Nerves, %£c. Its Ufe, is to wrap up and cover the whole Body ; to be a general Emunctory for the Matter of Perfpiration ; and to be the Organ of Feeling. See Per- spiration, Feelinc, &c.

The Difeafes of the Cuticula and Cutis, are the Itch, Leprofy, Small-Pox, Meajles, Scarlet Fever, and Eryfipe- latous Inflammations. See Itch, Pox, Leprosy, igc.

CUTTER of the Tallies, an Officer of the Exchequer, who provides Wood for the Tallies, and cuts the Sum paid upon them. See Tally.

CUTTING, a Term us'd in various Senfes, and various Arts ; in the general, it implies a Divifion or Separation.

Cutting is us'd in Heraldry, where the Shield is di- vided into two equal Parrs, from right to left, parallel to the Horizon, or in the Fefle-way. See Coupee.

The Word is alfo applied to the Honourable Ordinaries, and even to Animals, and Moveables, when they are divided equally the fame way ; fo, however, as that one Moiety is Colour, the other Metal. The Ordinaries are alfo faid to be cut, couped, when they come full to the Extremities of the Shield.

Cutting, Lithotomy, in Chirurgery, the Operation of extracting the Stone out of the Bladder. See Stone.

It appears, that Cutting was in ufe for the Stone, even in the Time of Hippocrates ; tho we are perfectly in the dark as to the manner in which they perform'd it : It was, however, wholly difus'd in the after-Ages ; infomuch, that in the beginning of the XVIth Century, there was no body durft praflife it. The Faculty of Medicine at Paris were oblig'd to addrefs themfeives ro the Parliament, to obtain Leave to make a Trial on a Criminal condemn'd to Death, who had the Stone in the Bladder : the Operation fucceed- ing, the Practice became popular.

There are three principal Ways of performing the Ope- ration ; the Apparatus minor, Apparatus major, and Appa- ratus alius ; or the low, lateral, and high Operations. The Method of performing each, fee under the Article Litho- tomy.

CuTTiNG-G/tf/s, in Chirurgery. See Cvs?wG-Glafs. Cutting, in Coinage. When the Lamina, or Plates of the Metal, be it Gold, Silver, or Copper, are broughrro the thicknefs of the Species to be coin'd, pieces are cut our, of the Thicknefs, and nearly of the Weight of the intended Coin ; which are now call'd Planchets, till the King's

The Scales are often glu'd together by the grofler Parts of Image have been ftamp'd on 'em. See Coining our infenfible Tranfpiration hardening upon 'em by the heat The Inftrument wherewith they cut, confifls of two pieces

of the Body, which carries oft' the more volatile Particles ; of Steel, very fharp, and placed over one another ; the lower

and in this confifls that Indifpofition we popularly call a Cold, a little hollow, reprefenting a Mortar; the other a Peftel. i Humour which is thenceforward feparated by the The Metal being put between the two, is cut out in the

Glands of the Skin, being pent in between the Scales, caufeth frequent itching ; and where the Matter has been long pent u Pi fmall Pimples, and other Foulnefles : for removing of which, Nature direcls ro thofe wholefom Remedies of fre- quent rubbing, wafhing, or bathing. See Leprosy.

Some imagine the Cuticle form'd from the grofler Parts W the excrementitious ferous Humour, eliminated thro' the tores of the Cutis, and condens'd on the Surface ; like the ellicle which appears upon Evaporation on the Surface of "e Serum of the Blood : But Leewenhoeck, with more Probability, takes it to be from an Expanfion of the Ex- "etory Dufts of the Glands of the Skin. , " s ofe is to defend the Nerves of the Cutis, which are . ""gin of the Senfe of Feeling, from the Injuries of rough and hard Bodies, as well as the Air : for either of nolo would make too exquifite and painful an Impreffion ° the naked Nerves ; or the Air would dry them, fo as nat they would be lefs fufceptible of the nicer Touches of rieafute. See Feeling.

manner defcrib'd.

Note, Medallions, where the Relievo is to be gteat, are not cut, but cafl, or moulded. See Medal.

Cutting, in the Manage, is when the Horfe's Feet in- terfere ; or when with the Shoe of one Foot he beats off" the Skin from the paflern Joint of another Foot. See Inter- fering.

This is more frequent in the hind Feet than the fore : The Caufes are either Wearinefs, Weaknefs in the Reins, not knowing how to go, or ill fhoeing. _

Cutting, in Painting, the laying one flrong lively Co- lour over another, without any Shade or Softening. See Co- louring. __. _

The Cutting of Colours has always a difagreeable EfTeS.

Cutting in Wood, a particular Kind of Sculpture, or Engraving ; denominated from the Matter wherein it is empjoy'd. See Engraving. , . . . . . ,

It is us'd for various Purpofes ; as for initial or figured Letters, Head and Tail-pieces of Books 5 and evenjor 1

Schemes