Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/515

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without any fenfible rifing of the Water along the Coafti ^r Str&ary, &c. or an y overflowing of the Lands, which Aere lie very low.

rjrjRRlCULUS, in our antienc Writers, the Tear, or Courfe of a Year. See Tear.

Actum e fl h°° an norum Domini&e incamationis qua- ,0f quiuquagcms E? qtiinquies, qninis luflris & tribus cur-

riculis. '• e - '" t ' ie Year I02S 5 *° r '° ur times S% makes

hundred, and five times two hundred makes one thou- j- an( j; five Luftra are twenty five Tears, and three Curriculi are three Years.

CUR-B-YING, or COURRTING, a Method of prepa- ring Leather, with Oil or Tallow; which raifes on the Hair, or Wool-fide, a kind of Grain, not unlike that of Morocco, or Msroquin. Tho lher? is a "° a Kind °f curried Leather without Grain. See Leather.

Currying is the lafl Preparation, and puts the Leather in j Condition to be us'd for Shoes, Saddles, Harnefs, (0c. It is equally practis'd on Sheep, Calf, and Cows-Skins.

The Colours given in Currying, arc, black, white, red, yellow, and green : The other Colours are given by the Skinners; who differ from the Curriers in this, That they apply their Colours on the Flefh-fide; the Curriers on the Hair-fide.

Manner of currying in Hack, with the Gram.

Of Blacks there are four Cafes : Either the Skins art put in Tallow on both Sides; or Oil is us'd, in lieu of Tallow, on the Flefh-fide; or Tallow is us'd alone on the Hair-fide, and nothing on the other; or Tallow is us'd on both Sides, but no Grain rais'd.

The two firft are us'd for Cows and Calves Leather; the fecond is the only way ufed for Sheep; and the two lafl are ufed occasionally for Cow and Bullock : For Calf and Sheep, tky ale Sumac on the Flefh-fide, which gives an Ora.nge-caft.

JosNeats-Skin in black; The Skin, coming from theTan- jier, is wet fevcral times with a Broom, roll'd and trod underfoot to make it trainable, drain'd, and as much of the remaining Flefh as poffible taken off with the Knife; hung in the Air till half dry, then wet and trampled again, and again.

This done, 'tis rub'd over with a Pummel, or Call, having Niches in manner of Teeth, to render it ftill more, pliant; and (ing'd with Straw, to prepare it ro receive the Tallow; which is applied, r

The Skin is th

C 359 )

CUR

boiling hot, on both Sides, fing'd s

fecond time, laid four Hours ... a Veffel of frefh Water, trampled, and work'd a fecond time with the Pummel on each fide, and ftoutly drain'd; fmeer'd over with its firfl black, made of Galls and Ferailles, boil'd in Beer-agre, or four Beer; half dry'd, ftretch'd on a Table, and the Grain beat down with a flat Iron Instru- ment, drawn over it from place to place.

It now receives its fecond black, made of Galls, Copperas, and Gum Arabic; when dry, and ftretch'd on a Table, 'tis fmeer'd over with Bcer-agre; then folded from Corner to Corner, and the Pummel drawn over it to cut the Grain, fid! on the Hair-fide, then on the Flefh-fide; the laft with a Pummel of Cork : The Beer hanging in it is taken out with a Hair Torch, boil'd in Hatter's Lie; and the Skin failen'd to the Table, and clean'd with rhe Iron Inftrument abovemention'd, and again wip'd with a piece of worfled Stocking. The Skin is now brighten'd, on the Hair-fide, hy a Luitre of Barberries, to'prepare it to receive its laft Grain.

The Grain, we already obferv'd, is begun, by folding the S.tin, the Hair-fide inwards, feveral ways : to finifh it, 'tis again folded, after its firft Luflre, two ways; firfl: from Cor- ner to Corner, a little flaming; then a-crofs, i. c. firfl di- tcftly, or from Eye to Eye, then from Head to Tail.

The Grain thus effected, the laft Luflre, which makes us laft Preparation, is given; compos'd of Gum Arabic, Garlick, Beer Vinegar, and Flanders Size, boil'd together, and applied cold. See Lustre.

Calf-Skin, in black, is prepared much after the fame man- K <; tho begun differently. After wetting, taking off as "Well of the Flefh remaining as poflible, and drying; they pounce the Flefh-fide with a hard rough Pounce- otone, which makes it more fmooth and gentle; then give 'he Grain with the Pummel, put in the Tallow : the reft as

Sbeep-Skins, in black. What thefe have peculiar in their ^reparation, i S] tflat t h ey are g r ft fl re tch'd on a Table to get oft the Bourre, or Tan wherewith they are loaden; then p are again wet, again trod, ftretch'd on the Table, and We Water fqueez'd out with the Pummel; then black'd, jepab d under the Pummel on each fide, dried, and all the ougnnefs and Inequality par'd off with a flat, round, cut- nng Inftrument; the reft as before.
 * et, trod undcr-foot, and Tallow added on the Hair-fide :

or R n L< "!rl -' er ' or t!i at without any Grain, made of Cows The Skins '
 * l_, ulloc ks Leather, differs a little in its Preparation from

....... ■» «». w u „ju tor a roint lcrew a on toe .Beam

>afs; and which may be moved, or Hidden along the i thereof, for the ftriking of greater or lefs Circles. See

,i ™ rme r. The Skins being wet, trod, and' pafs'd under

«■ ■ rummel, the Flefh is taken off; the reft as in the firft

-; ng, that the Tallow be applied on both

^'icle: Obfer<

Sides as thick aspoffible : being now fteep'd in Water, rod, frized, and black d the firft time; the fecond black is laid on, till the HairTide he quite fmooth. After receiving their two Luftres, they are prefs'd between two Tables i without having plaited or folded 'em in any manner during the whole Preparation. s

CURSITOR, an Officer or Clerk belonging to the Court of Chancery, who maketh out original Writs. See Chan- cery, and Writ.

Thefe are alio called Clerks of the Courfe; and are 24 in Number : making a Corporation of themfelves. To each of 'em are allotted feveral Shires; in which Shires ihsy make out fuch original Writs as are by the Subject requir'd.

CURSOR, a Piece, little Ruler, or Label of Brafs, divided like a Line of Sines, and Hiding in a Groove, or Notch, along the middle of another Label, or Ruler, repre- fentmg the Horizon, and always at right Angles to it.

It is ufed in the Analemma. See Analemma.

Cursor is alfo ufed for a Point fcrew'd on the Beam- Compafs

Beam thereor, tor the ltriking < Scam-CnMPAss.

CURTAILING, in the Manage, the Docking, or cutting off a Horfe's Tail. See Docking.

The Practice of Curtailing is no where in vogue fo much as in England; it being a popular Opinion, that the cutting off the Tail renders the Horfe's Chine or Back the Wronger, and more able to beat Burdens : which feems warranted by Experience.

The Amputation is ufually made between the foutth and fifth Joints of the Tail; a Ligature being firft ty'd tight about the Place, to prevent the Flux of Blood; and the raw Stump afterwards fear'd up with a hot Iron, till the Extre- mities of the Veffels be all ftop'd.

CURTAIN, or COURTlNE, in Fortification, that Part of a Wall, or Rampart, which is between two Baftions; or which joins the Flanks thereof. See Rampart, and Bas- tion.

_ It is ufually border'd with a Parapet five Foot high; be- hind which the Soldiers fland to fire upon rhe Covert Way, and into the Moat.

Befiegers feldom carry on their Attacks againft the Cur- tain; becaufe it is the belt flanked of any Part. See Flank,

Du Cange derives the Word Curtain from the Latin Cor- tina, quafi minor Cortis, a little Country Court, inclos'd with Walls : He fays, it was in Imitation hereof, that they gave this Name to the Walls and Parapets of Cities, which inclofe 'em like Courts : He adds, that the Curtains of Beds take their Name from the fame Origin; that Cortis was the Name of the General's, or Prince's Tent; and that thofe who guarded it were call'd Cortinarii and Curtifani.

CURTATE Diftance, in Aftronomy, the Diftance of a Planet's Place from the Sun, reduced to the Ecliptick; or, the Interval between the Sun, and that Point where a Per- pendicular let fall from the Planet, meets with the Ecliptic. See Place, and Distance.

CURTATION, the Interval between a Planet's Diftance from the Sun, and the Curtate Diftance. See Planet.

From the pteccding Article, 'tis eafy to find the Curtate Diftance; whence the manner of conflicting Tables of Curtations is obvious.

The Quantity of Inclination, Reduction, and Curtation of a Planet, depending on the Argument of the Latitude; Ke- pler, in his Rbudolpbin Tables, reduces the Tables of 'em all into one, under the Title of Tabula LatitudinaridZ.

CURTESY. See Courtesy.

CURTICONE, in Geometry, a Cone whofe top is cut off by a Plane parallel to its Bafis; call'd alfo Truncated Cone. See Truncated.

CURVATURE of a Line, is its Bending, or Flexure; whereby it becomes a Curve, of fuch peculiar Properties. See Line, and Curve.

Thus, the Curvature of the Circle is fuch, as that all Points of the Periphery are equally diftant from one Point within, called the Centre.

The Curvatures of different Circles, are to one another reciprocally as their Radii. See Circle.

CURVE, in Geometry, a Line, wherein the feveral Poinrs it confifts of tend feveral ways, or are pofited towards different Quarters. See Line.

In this Senfe, the Word is ufed in oppofirion to a ftrait Line; whofe feveral Points are pofited towards the fame Quarter.

Hence, Figures Terminated with Lines of the firft Property, are called Curvilinear Figures; in oppofition to thole termi- nated with the latter, call'd ReClilinear Figure. See Rec- tilinear, and Figure.

The Docrrine of Curves, and of the Figures and Solids generated from them, conftitute what we call the Higher Geometry. See Geometry.

In a Curve, the Line AD, (Tab. Geometry, Fig. 51.) Differing the parallel Lines MM, is call'd the Diameter :

If