Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/511

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Cubitus Interims, the firft of the Flexures; placed along the Cubitus, withinfide the Arm. It rifes from the internal Extuberance of the Humerus, and part of the Ulna ; upon which it runs all along till paSTes under the Ligamen. tum Annulare, and is inferred by a Strong and Short Tendon
 * n to the fourth of the firft Order of the Carpus.

CUBITUS, in Anatomy, a Bone of the Arm, reaching

C 355)

CUL

The Pumpion, Mufhrobm, Melon, & c. are of the Cmur- bitaceous Kind.

CUCURBIT, in Chymiflry, an Earthen, or Gla'fs Veffel, call'd alfo Body; wherein are put the Matters to be diftill'd". See Distillation.

It is fometimes alfo made of Tin, and fomerimes of Brafs When a Difiillation is to be made, they fit on to it

tinn'd.

~-— . c1, .„ ., a \\i -h i .,- „ , * o llullu - wuen a iviiTiiiauun is iu ue maae, rney nt on to r

ft ° m F^ See Ulna ' ° 5 ^ °^ "' ,hc ' g ' af " S Head > with an A P erture > and a ^eck proportional!

• Focile. See Ulna.

'Some ufe the Word for all that Part of the Arm between ,he Elbow and the Wrift ; including the Ulna, or Cubitus, properly fo call'd, and the Radius. See Arm, and Ra- dius ; fee alfo Focil.

CUBO-CUBO-CUBUS. See Cubus-cubi.

CUBO-CUBUS, the Term whereby Diophantus, Vieta, gfc. diftinguilh the Sixth Power ; which the Arabs call tdiindratum-cubi. See Power.

CUBOIDES, or Os CUBIFORME, in Anatomy, the feventh Bone of the Foot ; fo called, from its being in form of a Cube, or Die. See Foot.

Some alfo call it Multiforme : It is fituate in the fore- Part of the Calcaneum, in the fame Rank with the OJfa Csmifirmia.

Behind, it is articulated to the Os Calcis ; before, to the two outer Bones of the Metatarfm ; and within, it is join'd to the third Os Cmieiforme. See Bone.

CUBUS-CUBI, a Name whereby the Arab Writers, and thofe who follow 'em, denominate the ninth Power, or a Number multiplied eight rimes by it felf ; which Hiophan- ta, and after him Vieta, Ougbtred, &c. call Cubo-oubo-culus. See Power.

CUCKING STOOL, or COKESTOOL, antiently call'd fambrel, and Trebuchet ; an Engine for the Punifliment of Scolds and unquiet Women, by ducking them in the Water.

Kitchen fays, ' Every one having View of Frank-Pledge, • ought to have a Pillory and a Tumbrel.' This Machine was much in ufe, even among our Saxon Ancestors, who call'd it Scealding-fiole.

This Punifliment was antiently inflicted on Brewers and Bakers, tranfgreffing the Law ; who were thereupon, in fuch a Stool or Chair, to be ducked in Stercore, fome muddy or (linking Pond. This was antiently written Gagingftole : In Dome/day it is called Cathedra Stercoris.

CUCULLARIS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle, fo called from the refemblance it is fuppos'd to bear to a Monk's Cowl ; and Trapezius, from its refemblance to a geometrical Fi- gure, call'd a 'Trapezium. See Trapezius.

The Fibres of this Mufcle have various Originations and Actions: whence Dr. Tlrnke thinks it may be more proper- ly call'd three, than one Mufcle.

The upper Order of Fibres or Mufcles, fprings from the Of Occipitis

the fecond from the Spine of the Vertebra of tion of pure Elementary, or id the third from the Spines of the eight up- ily, or fulphureous Parts 'of t

the Neck ; and

per Vertcbne of the Thorax, or Back : and are inferred in- to the Spine, Acromium, and Bafis of the Scapula, and part of the Clavicultff.

From the different Difpofitions of thefe Fibres, the Sca- fult is drawn different ways ; the firft pulling obliquely up- wards, the lalt obliquely downwards, and the" middle back- wards : When they act all three together, they are faid to draw backwards only ; /. e. the two Extremes antagonizing, the middle one alone is at liberty to act.

CUCULLATE Flowers, among Botanifts, are fuch as re- lemble a Cuculltts, or Monk's Hood, or Helmet. See Flower.

CUCULLUS, was antiently a kind of Traveller's Cap ; call'd alfo Cowl, Gonl, or Gula : whence the Name pafs'd to the Monks, among whom it fignify'd their Frock, and Cap. See Cowl.

The Word arofe hence, that antiently they wore their Clothes turn'd up at the Neck and Sleeves, with a kind of Skin call'd Gulie, or Gules, Caules, and Cufcules ; from Cuf- cnlmm, Grain of Scarlet.

CUCUPHA, an antient Form of Medicine; being a Cap, or Cover for the Head, with Cephalic Spices quilted there- "> i wore in many nervous Diftempers, and particularly fuch « more immediately affefl the Head : as againft Catarrhs, Uefluxions, tfc. It is now almoft out of ufe.

<■ UCURBITACEOUS 'Plants, a Kind of Plants, fo "lied from their relemblance to the Gourd, call'd by the «»ns Cucurbita, which is the Head of this Family. See

tLANT.

Plants of the Cucurbitaceous Kind, fend out their Bran- «es every way; which are foft, and generally fet with

nlla, by means whereof they cling to the Bodies that are near em.

Their Flowers are either Sterile, or Fertile : The Iaft nit, and yield fleftiy Fruits of various Figures ; containing wrtmn. em feveral flat Seed placed in three or four Lodges, 0r " en * gteater Number.

Ihele Seeds have ufually a white fweeti/h Kernel ; the greatcit part of 'em being of thofe call'd Frigid* Ma- lms, or greater Cold Seedl

See Retort.

CUCURBITULA, in Chirurgery, a Cupping-Glafs, or Inflrument ufed in the Operation of Cupping. See Cup- riHG-Gtafs.

CUDDY, in a Firft Rate Man of War, is a Place lying between the Captain's and the Lieutenant's Cabins, and the Poop; and divided into Partitions, for the Mafter and Se- cretary's Officers.

CUE, an Item, or Innuendo, given to the Actors on the Stage, what, or when to fpeak.

CUERPO. To walk in Cuerpo, is a SpaniJJi Phrafe, for going without a Clokc; or without all the Formalities of a full Drefs. •

CUI ante Divortium, a Writ, which a Woman divore'd from her Husband, hath, to recover Lands or Tenements from him to whom her Husband did alienate them during Marriage ; becaufe, during the Marriage, (he could not gainfay it.

Cui in Vita, is a Writ of Entry, which a Widow Bath againft him to whom her Husband alienated her Lands of Tenements in his Life-time; Specifying, that, during his Life, ftie could not withftand it.

CUIRASSE, a piece of defenfive Armour, made of an Iron Plate well hammer 'd ; ferving to cover the Body, from the Neck to the Girdle, both before and behind.

Hence, Cmraffiers, the Cavaliers arm'd with CuiraJJbs.

The Cllirajfe was not brought into uie till about the Year 1300. The French have Hill a Regiment of Cuirajjiers ; and a good Part of the German Cavalry, are cuirafs'd.

In the Roman Calendar, wc find the Name of S. (Dominic the cuirafs'd; a Title given a Saint of the Xlth Century, from his conftant wearing of an Iron Cuiraffe, by way of Penance.

Some derive the Word, by Corruption, from Cucurajje ; becaufe it covers the Body : Others from the French Cllir, or the Latin Corium, Leather ; whence Coriaceus : by rea- fon defenfive Arms were originally made of Leather.

CULINARY, an Epithet frequently added to Fire ; de- termining it to be a common Fire, excited in Wood, Coals, or other ordinary Fuel : In contradistinction to Solar Fire, or that rais'd by the Action of a Burning-Glafs ; to Central Fire; to Animal Fire, &c. See Fire.

Culinary Fire, according to Boerhaave, confiits of a Por- Solar Fire, attracted by the the Fuel, with fuch Velocity, as that it moves the fame, agitates and whirls 'em violently about, and by degrees breaks and attenuates them ; renders 'em volatile, and difperfes 'em in Air. See Fuel.

The Effect of Air upon this Fire, is to make, as it were, a Vault around ir, and by that means, reftrain and keep it in, determine it upon the Sulphur, and thus prevent its too hafty Dissipation. See Air.

The Word is form'd from the Latin Culilia, Kitchen ; this being rhe chief place of fuch Fires.

CUL de Lamp, a French Term, properly Signifying the bottom of a Lamp ; ufed in Architecture for feveral Deco- rations, both of Mafonry and Joinery, found in Vaults and Ceilings, to finifli the bottom of Works, and wreath'd fome- what in manner of a Teftudo ; particularly a kind of Pen- dentive in Gothic Vaults.

CtiL de Four, a fort of low, fpherical Vault, Oven-like, See Vault.

Oil de Four of a Niche, the arch'd Roof of a Niche, on a circular Pian. See Niche.

CULLIAGE, or CULLAGE, a Right ufurp'd by the antient Lords, and eftabiifh'd by a foolilh Cuftom, which gave 'em the firft Night with their Vaffals Brides.

'Tis faid this Right was eftabiifti'd by Ewen King of Scotland ; and finally abolilh'd by Malcolm III. a Compen- sation being fettled in its Stead; as occafioning frequent Re- volts of the Vaffals againft their Lords.

The Word is form'd from the French Oil, Breech.

CULMIFEROUS, in Botany, a Term applied to fuch Plants as have a Smooth-jointed Stalk, ufually hollow ; the Stalk wrap'd about, at each Joint, with Single, narrow, Sharp- pointed Leaves; and the Seeds contain'd in chaffy HuSks. See Culmus, and Plant.

Culmiferous Plants are divided into two Kinds ; thofe with a greater, and thofe with zfmaller Seed.

Thole with a larger Seed are called Frumentaceous, or Ce- reales ; and are again divided into Spicat<e, as Wheat, Rye, Spelt, Barley, Rice, Peafe, iSc. and Paniculate or Jubatte, as Oats, Scordium, Milium, and Maife. See Frumenta- ceous, i£c.

1 CULMI.