Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/51

 A B L

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ABO

In this Senfe, our Abeyance may be compar'd to the Hs- reditas Jacens of the Civilians; 'Tis a Principle in Law, That of' every Land there is a Fec-fimple, or it is in Abey- ance. See Viz-Simple.

AB-INTESTATE, in Law, the Heir of a Perion who died inteftate, and yet had the Power of making a Tefta- ment. See Intestate, and Heir.

ABISHERSING, an antient Law-Term, denoting a be- ing free, or exempt, from ail Amerciaments for Tranfgrel- iions of any kind. See Amerciament.

This Word, in a Charter or Grant, gives the Proprietor not only the Forfeitures, and Amerciaments of all others for Tranfgreffions committed within his Fee ; but alfo exempts him from all fuch controul by any wirhin that Compals.

According to SMmati, it originally fignifies a Forfeiture, or Amerciament ; and mould rather be wrote Mijherjing, Mijbcring, or Miskcrring.

ABJURATION, a folemn Renunciation, or Recanta- tion of an Error, Herefy, or falfe Doarine. See Recan- tation. , • i.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Abyjrare ; which in Cicero, and other Reman Writers, fignifies the denying a thing upon Oath. Thus, Abjurare creditum, was to for- fwear a Debt, or to deny the owing it upon Oath, Ei?t7.

So, in our own Laws, To abjure a 'Perfon, is to renounce all Authority or Dominion of fuch a Perfon. Thus, by the Oath of Abjuration, a Perfon binds himfelf not to own any Regal Authority in the Perfon call'd the Pretender, nor ever to pay him the Obedience of a Subject. See Oath, Alle- giance, &c.

Abjuration is alfo us'd in our antient Cuftoms, for a fworn Banifhment for Life ; or an Oath taken, to forfake the Realm for ever. See Banishment.

This, in fome Cafes, was admitted from Criminals in lieu of Death. The Devotion for the Church was fo warm, from the Time of Ed-ward the Confeflbr to the Reforma- tion, that if a Man having committed Felony, could recover a Church or Church-yard before he were apprehended, ir was an Afylum from which he could, not be brought to take his Trial at Law ; but conferring his Crime to the Juftices, or Coroner, and abjuring the Kingdom, he was at liberty. See Asylum. ■ *

After Abjuration, a Crofs was given him, which he was to carry in his Hand rhro'the Highways, till he was got out of the King's Dominion ; which was call'd the Banner of Mother-Church. Viae. Hit. 26. Edvi. III.

In time, Abjuration dwindled into a perpetual Confine- ment of the Prifoner to the Sanctuary ; wherein, after ab- juring his Liberty and free Habitation, he was allow'd to fpendhis Life. By Stat. 21 Jac. I. all ufe of Sanauaries, and confequently of Abjuration is taken away. See Sanc-


 * T*U ARY

ABLACTATION, in Gardening, a Method of Engraft- ing, more ufually call'd Inarching, or Grafting by approach. Sec Grafting. ,„''.',

AblaEtation is only praBicable where the Stock to be grafted on, and the Tree from which the Graft is to be ta- ken, fland fo near, that the Branch or Cyon may be applied, without cutting off". Hence, 'tis chiefly ufed on Plants that grow in Cafes ; as Orange, Lemon, Pomgranate, Vines, Jeffamins, &c. The Seafon is April. To perform it, the ufual Method is to take the Branch intended for rhe Grafr,_ and pare it away, both the Rind and Wood, the length of three Inches ; then, paring likewife the Stock, fo that they may join clofely to each oiher, they bind 'em together, and cover 'em over with Clay, or Grafting- Wax. As foon as they are found well incorporated together, the Head of the Stock is to be cut off four Inches above the Binding 5 and the Spring following, the Graft : leaving the Stock to fubfift by it fclf.

Or, the Operation may be done, by cutting off the Head of the S'tock at firft, and leaving the Top a little floped, and applying the Graft thereto, as in Shoulder-Grafting. But this Method is not found equally fuccefsful.

The Word originally fignifies the -weaning a Child from the Brcaft ; being form'd of "ab, from, and lac, Milk.

ABLAQUEATION, a Name ufed by the antient Wri- ters of Agriculture, for an Operation in Gardening, whereby Earth is dug from about a Vine, or other Fruit-Tree, and its Roots laid bare, to expofe 'em more to the Sun, Rain, and Air, in order to promote its Fecundity. See FRuiT-TJ-cf.

ABLATIVE, in Grammar, the fixth Cafe of Nouns. See Case.

The Ablative is oppofite to the Dative ; the firft expref- fing the Aaion of taking away, and the latter that of giving. See Dative.

The Word is Latin, form'd ab auferendo, taking away. •Prifcian alfo calls it the Comparative Cafe ; as ferving, a- mong the Jmtins, for comparing, as well as taking away.

The Ablative fcarce anfwers to the jurt Idea of a Cafe ; at lead, it is the moft vague of all others. 'Twill be fhewn in its Place, that the Englijb, and other modern Tongues, have

properly no fuch thing as Cafes : but even in the antient Languages, from which the Notion of Cafes is borrow'd, the Ablative is only a fort of Supernumerary, or Supplement to the Cafes.

The five proper Cafes not being found fufficient to exprefs all the Relations of Things to each other recourfe was had to an expedient ; viz. the putting a Prepofition before fome of the other Cafes 5 and this made the Ablative. See Pre- position.

It may be added, that in the plural Number, the Ablative is ftill more obfeure ; as being only the Dative repeared.

In Englijh, we have no precife Mark whereby to difiin- guifh the Ablative from other Cafes 5 and we only ufe rhe Term in analogy to the Latin. Thus, in the two Phrafes, 'The Magnificence of the City, and He fpoke much of the City ; we fay, that of the City in the firft is Genitive, and in the latter Ablative .- by reafon it would be fo, if the two Phrafes were exprefs'd in Latin.

ABLUENTS, Abluentia, in Medicine, a Name fome Authors give to thofe Remedies, better known under the Name of TMuters, and Abjlergents. See Diluter, and Abstergent.

ABLUTION, in Antiquity, a Religious Ceremony, in ufe among the Romans; being a forr of purifying, perform'd by waffling the Body, ere they enter'd on Sacrifice. See Sacrifice.

Sometimes they wafrt'd their Hands and Feet, fometimes the Head, and oftentimes the whole Body : For which purpofe, at the Entrance into their Temples were plac'd Veffels made of Marble Triumphant (as Z)ll Ckoul calls it) fill'd with Water.

This Cuftom, without doubt, they learnt from the Jews, fince we read in Scripture, that Solomon plac'd at the Entry into the Temple which he ereaed to the true God, a great Laver, which the Holy Text calls a Sea of Brafs, where the Priefts wafli'd themfelves before rhey offer'd Sacrifice ; having beforehand fanaify'd rhe Water, by throwing into it the Afhes of the Viaim that was (lain in Sacrifice.

Ablution, among the modern Rdfnanijls, is underftoodof the little Drop of Water and Wine, which they take after the Communion, to wafh down and facilitate the Digeftion of the Floft.

The fame Term alfo fignifies that which ferves to wafh the Hands of the Prieft who confecrated it.

Ablution, in Pharmacy, is a Preparation divers Reme- dies undergo, by warning 'cm in Water, or fome other Fluid, proper ro cleanfe and free 'em of their Impurities. See Lotion.

The Word is fometimes alfo ufed, tho with lefs Propriety, for the warning, or infufing of certain Medicines in Water, to freinen 'em, and diffolve their Salts ; call'd Dulcifying. See Dulcifying.

ABOLITION, the A3 of undoing, deftroying, or throw- ing a Thing out of ufe.

Thus, in our Laws, rhe Abolition of a Law, Statute, or Cuftom, is the abrogating or repealing it. See Abroga- tion, Repealing, Statute, 0?c.

So, the Leave given by the King or Judge, to a criminal Accufer, to defifr from furrher Profecution of the Accufed, is peculiarly called Abolition.

The Word is form'd of the Latin Abolere, ita ext'vnguere & delere, ut ne oleat quidem.

ABOMASUS, ABOMASUM, or ABOMASIUM, in Comparative Anatomy, one of the Stomachs, or Ventricles of Animals of the ruminating Kind. See Ruminating.

Beafts that chew the Cud are found to have four Sto- machs ; viz. the Rumen, or Magnus Venter or Stomach, pro- perly fo call'd, the Reticulum, Omafus, and Abomafus. See Rumination, £•?£.

The Abomafus, popularly call'd the Ma-x, is the laft ; being thcPlace wherein the Chyie is form'd, and from which the Food defcends immediately into the Interlines.

It is full of Leaves like the Omafus ; but its Leaves have this particular to 'em, that befide the Membranes they con- fift of, they contain a great number of Glands not found in any of the reft. See Omasus, £i?c.

'Tis in the Abomafus of Calves and Lambs, that the Ren. net or Earning is form'd, wherewith Houfwifes turn or curdle their Milk. See Rennet.

ABORIGINES, or ABORIGENES, in Geography, a Name fometimes given to the primitive Inhabitants of a Country, or thofe who had their original therein ; in contra- diftinaion to Colonies, or new Races of Inhabitants, deriv'd from eliewhere. See Colony.

The Term Aborigines is famous in Antiquity : Tho now an Appellative, 'twas originally a proper Name, given only to certain People of Italy 5 and both the Reafon and Origin of it are greatly difputed among the Learned : The princi- pal Opinions with regard thereto may be redue'd to four.

The firft is that of Aurelius Vitlor, who will have 'em called Aborigines, q. d. Abeorigines, Vagabonds ; of ab, and erro, I wander here and there ; and maintains, that

they