Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/505

 CRO

i -anted, a Crofs couped pierced, a Croft moline pier-

d Z°2 e "g e '' :t!a y s ' a ^ ro f s molme quarter-pierced, a Sal-

JL or S. Andrew'; Croft, which muft be diiiinflly fpoken

f under that Denomination ; and fo all the others may be

found ro° re particularly defcrib'd under the Names of their

feveral Difference.

Qoleinbiere males ;s diftinef forts of Croffes, of which we {hall only mention thole that differ from fuch as have been mention'd above ; as, La Croix remply, which is only one (jWS charged with another : A Crofs party, that is, one half of one Colour, and the other of another : A Crofs quirter'd, that is, the oppofite Quarters of feveral Colours : \ Crofs of five Pieces, that is, offo many Colours ; a Crofs muff""' and aha 'fi e i a Cro fi barbee ; a Croft croijfantee, or ae fcenttd, that is, having a Crefcent at each End : A Crofs forked of three 'Points ; a Crofs pommetee of three 'Pieces ; a Crofs reffercelee ; a Crofs pointed ; a Croft anker'd, and ftiwnker'd ; a Crofs anker'd with Snakes Heads ; a Crofs cried ; a high Crofs ; a Crofs rayonnant, or caning out Rays if Glory ; a Crofs of Malta ; a Crofs of the Holy Ghoft ; a Q,ofs forked, like the antient Rells for Mufkcts ; a Crofs tilth eight 'Points ; a Croft bourdonnee ; a Crofs cramponnce m i toiirnee ; a Croft cablce ; a Crofs inclining ; a Croft inter noflree, that is, made of Beads ; a Crofi trefte ; a Crofs fieuronnee ; a Cro/3 ™/, clechee, and pommetee ; a 0»/s crenellee and baftilee ; a Cro/i with four Steps to piery Arm ; a Crofs rounded ; a Crofs and an half; a Croft iftoilee, or ftarways ; a Cro/S cor^fi ; a Cro/j doubled, of £ X Pieces fet together ; a ' cm in pieces and difmembefd ; a Cro/J couped, ot cut thro' in Feffe of the two contrary Colours to the Field ; a Chevron furmounted by an half Croft : Four Tails of Ermin in

C 34? )

C RO

Cross staff, a call'd the Foreftaff.

Fo&ESTAFF.

Mathematical Inftrument; ofherwife See its 'Dcfiription and Ufe tinder

CROSSELFT, little Crofs, a Diminutive' of Croft, ufed in Heraldry, where we fre- quently fee the Shield cover'd with Cfoffelets ; Feffes, or other honourable Pieces, chared or accompany'd with Crojfelcts. Croffes them- lelves frequently terminate in Croffelets, as in the Figure adjoining. See Cross. CROSS-GRAIN'D Stuff, in Joinery. Wood is faid to be crofi grain'd, when a Bough or Branch has fhot out of it i for, the Grain of the Branch (hooting forward, runs athwart that of the Trunk. In Wood well grown this Defeft is fcarce perceivable, except in working ; but in Deal-Boards thefe Boughs make Knots. If the Bough grew up with the young Trunk, inftead of a Knot is found a curling in the Stuff ; very fenffblc under the Plane.

CROTALUM, a kind of Ca/lagnetta, or Mufical Inffru- ment found on Medals, in the Hands of the Prietts of Cy- bele. See Cory b antes.

The Crotalum diffcr'd from the Siftrum ; tho Authors frequently confound the two. It confifted of two little brafs Plates, or Rods, which were fhook in the Hand, and in ftriking againft each other made a Noife.

It was fometimes alio made of a Reed fplit lengthwife ; one Part whereof they ftruck againft the other: and as this made a Noife fomewhat like that of a Ctane's Bill, they call'd that Bird Crotaliflria, Player on Crotala.

An Antient, in Patlfanias, fays, that Hercules did not kill the Birds of the Lake Stymphala, but that he drove them away by playing on Crotala. On this footing, the Crotala

Crofs, the Tops of the Ermins oppofite to mult be exceedingly antient. each other in the middle : Four Pieces of Vair plac'd crofs- Clemens Akxandrinns attribu 90S, and counterpomting in the Centre : The Crofi or Swotd of S. James : Potence cramponnee on the dexter up- per Arm, and a Potence about the middle of the Shaft.

Thefe are the various Croffes we find in the aforefaid Authors ; which fome may think too many, as not being all ufed in England : but Heraldry extends to all Countries; and all Terms us'd deferve to be explain'd, that they may be und jftood. Nor is it only in Croffes that the Variety is fo great, it will appear in many other Bearings, and par- ticularly in Lions, and the Parts of them ; whereof the fame Coiombiere gives us no lefs than 96 dittinct Varieties. leigb mentions but 4.6" feveral Croffes ; Sylvantts M< rgan, 16; Upton, jo;_ Johannes de Sado Aureo, 12 ; and fo ethers, whom it is neediefs to mention. The aforefaid Up- double a Quaver.

tcs the Invention to the Si- cilians j and forbids the Ufe thereof to the Chriftians, be- caufeofthc indecent Motions and Geftures that accompany it.

CROTAPHTTES, a Mufcle of the lower Jaw.

Its Fibres fpring feverally from the Bones of the Fore- head, the Sinciput, Sphemides, and P'emporale ; which meeting, and as it were centering under the Os Jugate, whence alfo this Mufcle receives fome Fibres, they proceed to the 'Proceffus Corone, into which they are inferted, and draw the lower Jaw upwards. See Maxilla.

CROTCHET, in Mufick, one of the Notes, or Charac- ters of Time, mark'd thus f equal to half a Minim, and

ten owns he dares not prefume to afcertain all the various Croffes ufed in Arms, for that they are at prefent almoft in- numerable : and therefore he only takes notice of fuch as he had feen ufed in his own time.

Cross, in Surveying ; or, the Surveying-Croft, is an In- flrainent us'd in Surveying ; confiding of a brafs Circle, divided into four equal Parts, by two Lines cutting each other in the Centre : At each Extremity of either Line is iix'd a Sight, perpendicularly over the Lines ; with Holes below each Slit, for the better Difcovery of diflant Objects. _ The Crofs is mounted on a Staff, or Stand, for ufe. Some- times, inftead of four Sights there are eight.

The Surveying Crofs is but little known or us'd among m ; abroad it is of more account : The manner of plying it is as follows.

See Note, and Character.

Tis not eafy to conceive how this Character comes by the Name Crotchet : The Word is apparently borrow'd from the French Crotchet, of Croc, a Crook or Hook, ufed by them for what we call the gfttaver, or half Crotchet ; by reafon of the additional Stroke at bottom, which gives it an Appearance of a Crook. See Quaver*

A Dot added to the Crotchet, thu

increafesits Time

ap-

by half; that is, makes it equal to a Crotchet and an half, or to three- Quavers. Sec Time.

Crotchet, in Printing, a Term ufed for certain Strokes or Lines, fometimes ftrait, fometimes waved, but always turn'd up at each Extreme; ferving to bind or link together feveral Articles, that are to be read together, ere you pro- Suppofe the Field ABCDE, (Tab. Surveying, Fig. 24.) ceed t0 the Subdivifions, placed afide of 'em with fimilar to be furvey'd : Plant Poles at all the Angles ; meafure the or fmaller Crotchets ; much us'd in Genealogies, Analytical Line A C, and the Perpendiculars let fall from the Angles Tables, Ejfc. for facilitating the Divifion and Subdivifion of to the Line : Take down the Dimenfions of each. Now, anv tnin g-

'0 find the Point F, plant Poles at pleafure in the Line A C, Crotchet is alfo ufed for two oppofite Characters, ferving and the Foot of the Inftrument in the fame Line, in fuch t0 inclofe what we call a 'Parenthefis, or any other Part of manner, as that thro' two of the oppofite Sights you may a Difcourfe, to be diftinguifh'd from the reft of the Work; obferve two of the Staffs ; and thro' the other two, the fonietimes in this form [ ] and fometimes in this. See Staff E. If in this Station E ben't thus vifible, remove the Character.

Inftrument backwards or forwards, till the Lines A F, EF CROW, in the Sea Language, a Machine with an Iron make a right Angle in F ; by which means, the Plot of the Hook, for the faftning hold, and grappling with the Enemies Triangle AF E will be had. After the fame manner is the Veffel, in an Engagement.

Point H found, where the Perpendicular DH falls; whofe The Name Crow, Corvtts, was antiently given to feveral length, together with that of G F, is meafur'd, to have the Machines of War, ufed in the Defence of Places : one in- Hot of the Trapezium EFHD. vented by SDiades ; another by the Tyrians, mention'd by

Again, meafure HC, making a right Angle with HD, 4j Curtius ; another by Cn. Ovellius. and the Plot of the Triangle D H C will be had. All that Vitruvius calls the firft the Demolifhing Crow, Corvus now remains, is to find the Point G, where the peroendicu- demolitor, and alfo depredator : others call it the Crane, far B G falls : Which being found after the fame^manner 'Polybitts defcribes another invented by C. Duillius ufed as the reft, we have the Plot of the whole Field A,B,C,D E. again!! the Carthaginian Fleet. The Area whereof, is '

had by adding the Triangles and trapeziums together. See Area ; fee alfo Surveying, Chain, PLAiN-7«We, ike.

Lross ■■Multiplication, the Method ofmultiplying Feet and rh w y u Fect and I^hes, or the like ; fo call'd, becaufe j £ umbe K are multiply'd crofs-wife. See the Method tin-

»MtItTlp lICATIM|

Cross, in Dialling. See Dial,

They were all a kind of Grappling-Hooks ; ferving to drag Things towards the Ingineer. That defcrib'd by (^ii. Curtius was thrown out of a Balifta.

Crows-S?'«, an Inftrument us'd by Chirurgeons, in their Operations ; efpecially for the drawing Bullets and other fo- reign Bodies out of Wounds.

It has its Name from its Figure.

X X X 3C

Crow»-