Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/501

 CRE

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C R I


 * „ Crepufculum, or End of the Evening. Since in the an Elephant with his Trunk ; and fometimes the Wolf that

Triangle PSZ the feveral Me. are given, viz. P Z the f« ct)ed Romulm an d fl ram .' The Ch rift?ans in the' r fir 11

jjevation of the Pole, PR and 1 S the Complement of the Religious Wars, were wont to wear a Croli d irtins forth

rt°Z ^P^whofe n^as^S^mfo^t" ^ thdr Shie ' dS and Ba "-

7D and the Sun's Depth D S, find the Angl •leifure is the Arch A O. See Triangle.

Convert AO into Solar Time : thus have.you the Time elaps'd from the Beginning of the Morning Crepufculum, to the Period °^ r ^' e Evening one. See Time.

•fo find the Crepufculum by the Artificial Glob,

-Clypeorum injignia Cbriftus

Scripferat, ardebat fitmmis crux addita Criftis.

The antient Warriors bore Crcjls to ftrike Terror in their See Enemies, at the Sight of the Spoils of Animals they had kill'd 5 or to give 'tm the more formidable Mien, by ma- king them appear taller, g>«.

'Plutarch obferves, that the Creft of Pyrrhus was a Bunch of Feathers, with a Stag's Horns ; and •Diodorus Si- culm, that of the Kings of Egypt, Lion's Heads, Bulls, or Dragons.

_ The Crefts have given rife to feveral Fables : The An- tients, v. g. give Serapis the Head of a Sparrow Hawk ; this being the Creft of that Cavalier. Gcryon they made a Monfter with three Heads, becaufe he bore a triple Creft ; ^antium which bore this Device from all and feign'd, that Proteus chang'd his form every Moment, appears from Medals, ilruck in honour ot becaufe, being King of Egypt, he frequently chang'd his

Creft; fometimes bearing that of a Lion, fometimes of a

Globe- crescent, the New-Moon, which, as it begins to re- cede from the Sun, fhews a little Rim of Light," termina- [in» in Points, or Horns, which are ftill increafing, till it be- come full, and round in the Oppofition. See Moon.

The Term is alfo ufed for the fame Figure of the Moon in its Wane, or Decreafe ; but improperly : in regard the Points or Horns are then turn'd towards the Weft, whereas they look to the Eaft in the juft Crefcent.

The Crefcent js the Turki/b Symbol ; or rather, 'tis that f the City of Antiquity ; as _ Jugnftits, Trajan, &c.

The Word comes from the Latin Crefcere, to increafe.

Crescent is alfo a Military Order, inftituted by Renatus of Anion, King of Sicily, ckc. in 1448 5 fo caU'd torn the Badge, or Symbol thereof, a Crefcent of Gold enameil'd.

What gave occafion to this Eftabliihment, was, that Re- 0tlll took lor his Device a Crefcent, with the Word Loz, fnife ; which, in the Stiie of Reins, makes Lea in Cre- dent, q. d. by advancing in Virtue, one merits Praife.

Crescent, in Heraldry, is a Bearing in form of a Half- Moon.

The Crefcent is fometimes Montant, i. e. its Points look towards the Top of the Chief, which is its molt ordinary Jteprefcntarion : whence feme contend, that the Crefcent, abi'olutely fo call'd, implies that Situation ; tho, fome Au- thors blazon it Montant, when t»he Horns are towards the Dcxter-iidcof the Efcutcheon, when others call it Incroiffant.

The Ottomans bear Sinople, a Crefcent Montant, Argent.

Crefccnts are faid to be adofs'd, when their Eacks or thick- eft Parts, are turn'd towards each other 5 their Points look- ing to the Side of the Shield.

fhe Inverted Crefcent, is that whofe Points look towards' the bottom : turn'd Crefccnts are plac'd like thole adofs'd ; the difference is, that all their Points look to the Dexter-

Lion, Dragon, &c.

The Creft is efteem'd a greater Mark of Nobility, than the Armoury, as being bore at Tournaments ; to which none were admitted, till they had given Proof of their Nobility. Sometimes it ferves to diftinguifh the feveral Branches of a Family. It has ferv'd, on occafion, as the dittinguifhing Badge of Factions.

So; times the Creft is taken from the Device ; but more ufualiy is form'd of fome Piece of the Arms : Thus, the Emperor's Creft is an Eagle ; that of Cafti/e a Cattle, &c.

Families tivut exchange Arms, as have done the Houfesof Bntnfieic and Cologne, do not change their Crefts ; the fiift {till r<-'ain the Horle. and the latter the Mermaid.

Crest, among Carvers, an Imagery, or carved Work, to adorn the Head, or Top of any thing ; like our modern Cornim. See Corniche.

Crest-fallen, of a Horle, is when the upper Part of the Neck, on which the Mane grows, does not ftand up- right, but bangs either to one Side, or the other.

CREUX, a Term in Sculprure, much us'd by the French; tho not yet, that we know of, naturaliz'd among us : But the want of a Word of equal import in Engltfb, as it has frequently ptft us under a neceffity of tiling this in the Courfe

fide of the Shield : The Contum'd, on the contrary, look to f the prefent Work ; fo it pleads flronoiy for its Admiffion the Sinitter-fide. The affronted or appointed Crefccnts, into our Lanpuaoe.

are contrary to fhe adofs'd, the Points looking towards each other.

The Crefcent is frequently us'd as a Difference in a Coat- Armour, to diftinguifh it for that of a fecond Brother, or fe- cond Family. See Difference.

CREST, in Armoury, the uppermoft Part of the defen-

The Word originally fignifies a Hollow, Cavity, or Pit, out of which fomething has been fcoop'd, or dug : The Term is ufed particularly for that kind of Sculpture and Graving,- where the Lines and Figures are cut, and form'd within the Face, or Plan of the Plate or Matter engraven : In which Senfe, it ftands in oppofition to Relievo ; where

five Armour of the Head 5 tiling over the reft, in manner the Lines and Figures are imbeds d, and rife prominent above

of the Comb or Tuft of a Cock ; to fufiain the Effort of very keen Scimitars, &c.

It has its Name from Crifta, Cock's Comb. Hence,

Crest, in Heraldry, the uppermoft Part of an Armoury ; or that Part over the Caft, or Helmet. See Cask.

Next to the Mantle, fays Guillim, the Creft or Cognizance claims the higheft Place, being feated on the molt eminent Part of the Helmet ; yet fo, as to admit an Interpofition of fome Efcrol, Wreath, Chapeau, Crown, £$c. See Cogni- zance.

The Creft of tho Arms of England, is a Lion Paffant Gardant, crown'd with the like ; that of France, a Flower- de-Lys fquared.

See Engraving, and Sculp-

he Face of the Matter.

TURE.

CR1BRATION, in Pharmacy, a Separation of the finer Parts of a Medicine, whether dry, or humid, from the gruf- fer ; the latter by means of a Pulping Sieve, the former by a fine Searce.

CRIBROSUM Os, or Os CRIBR.IFORME, in Anatomy, a little Bone at the Top of the Nofe, pierced like a Sieve, to let pafs feveral little Fibres, arifing from the Mamillary Productions, and terminating in the Membrane that lines the Cavity of the Noftrils ; call'd alfo Os Ethmoides. See Ethmoipes.

CRICOARYT.ENOIDES, in Anatomy, a Name given

See La- rynx.

In the antient Tournaments, the Cavaliers had Plumes of two Pair of Mufcles, ferving to open the Larynx feathers, efpecially thofe of Oftriches and Herons, for their Crefts ; thefe Tufts of Feathers they called Plumarts ; and were placed in Tubes, on the Tops of high Caps, or Bon- nets, Some had their Crefts of Leather; others of Parch- me nt, Paftboard, l$c. painted or varnifh'd, to keep out the Weather; others of Steel, Wood, (yc. on which were fome- times reprefented a Member or Ordinary of the Coat ; as, ?" Eagle, Flower-de-Lys, fgc. but never any of thofe called Honourable Ordinaries, as Pale, Feffe, gfc.

fhe Crefts were changeable at plealure ; being reputed of the Name is evid

The Cricoarytienoides are either Pofterior, or Lateral : The firll are the firft Pair of Openers of trie Larynx ; the latter, the fecond Pair.

The Lateral have their Origin in the Edge of the La- teral, and Superior of the Cartilage Cricoides, and are in- ferted into the Lateral and Superior Part of the Arytsnoides.

The Pofterior have their Origin in the pofterior and lower Part of the Cricoides : and hence the Reafon and Etymology

tio other than as an arbitrary Device, or Ornament. See ■Device.

Herodotus atttibutes the Rife of Crefts to the Carians, who firlt bore Feathers on their Cafks, and painted Figures on their Bucklers ; whence the Perfians call'd 'em Cocks.

Pne antientett of the Heathen Gods wore Crefts, even °™re Arms were made of Iron and Steel : Jupiter Am- in bpre a Ram's Head for his Creft; Mars that of aLion,

CRICOIDES, in Anatomy, a Cartilage of the Larynx ; fo called, q.d. annular, as being round, like a Ring, and in- compafling the whole Larynx. See Larynx.

The Cricoides is the fecond Cartilage of the Larynx : 'tis narrow before, thick behind ; and ferves as a Safe to all the other Cartilages ; and is, as it were, let into the Tircides.

'Tis by means of this that the other Cartilages are join'd to the Trachea; on which account it is immoveable.

The Word is form'd from x?iic©-, ufed by Tranfpofition for jtipii:?, Circle, and &£Q-, Form. - — -. „ v „ aa luc ouu 01 jufuer jimmvn ; juum CRICOTHYROID^iUS, in Anatomy, a Name given frf 1 1 T 1 '" 10 b° re a S' ar > to denote that he was de- to the firft Pair of Mufcles proper to the Larynx. See La- raioed Irom Venus; and fometimes the Head of a Bull, or rynx.

Mger, calling out Fire at his Mouth and Noftrils. •xander the Great wore for his Creft a Ram's Head, to CVr c tha - t he was the Son of 7"f'tor Ammon ; Julius

Ale,

U u u u

Th«ir