Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/498

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» Sen. VII. according to Sir Jafe Gf/fcr's Trail on this Subje& Afi«S. 40 and 4 r Eliz. in a Coatt of Common Fleas, it was adjudg'd, upon lolemn Argument, that this Court of Reguefts, or the White-Hall, was no Court that had the Power of Judicature, &c. Coke Lift. fol. 97-

It had affum'd fo great Power to it felf, that it grew bur- denfome and grievous, and was therefore taken away, with fome others, by a Statute made tS and 17 Car 1. cap. 10.

Court of the Legate, was a Court obtain d by Cardinal JPWfcv of Pope Zee X. in the ninth Tear of Henry Vin. wherein he, as Legate of the Pope, had power to prove Wills and difpence with Offences agauift the Spiritual Laws iSc. It was but of ftvort continuance. See Legate.

CoWt-Leet, a Court belonging to a Lord of a Manor, in which all Offences under High Trcafon are inquir d into. See Leet.

Covnt-Days, are Days when the Courts of Judicature are open, and Pleas held. See Day, Fastus, Nefastus,^.

Court-Z«s«6, fuch as the Lord of the Manor keeps in his own Hands, for the Ufe of his Family, and for Holpi- tality. See Manor.

Covkt-RcII, a Roll which contains an account ot the Number, iSc. of Lands, depending on the Lord of the Ma- nor ; with the Names of the Tenants, iSc. See Roll.

Tenants holding by Copy of this Roll, are denominated Copy-holders. See Copy-holder.

COURTESY, or CURTESY of England, a Tenure whereby a Man marrying an Inheritrix, a Woman feiz'd of Lands of Fee-fimple, or Fee-rail general ; or feized as Heir of the Tail-fpccial, and getteth a Child by her, who cometh alive into the World, tho both Wife and Child die forth- with ; yet, if Ale were in Poffeffion, he Avail keep the Land' during his Life, and be called Tenant, by the Cour- tefy of England. ; this Privilege being not allow'd in any other Country, except Scotland, where it is call'd Curialitas Scotite.

This Tenure was introduc'd by the Conqueror, and bor- row'd by him from his own Country, Normandy, where it obtain'd before, under the Name of Veuveti.

COURTIN, or COURTAIN, in Fortification, the Front of the Wall, or Rampart, lying between two Eaftions. See Curtin.

COURTISAN, a Term of Infamy, given to Women who fell their Perfons, and make a Trade of Proftitution. See Stews.

Lais, the famous L'heuan Courtifan, flands on record for requiring no lefs than ten thoufand Crowns for a fingle Night. Of all Places in the World, Venice is that where Courtifans abound the moft : 'Tis now 250 Years fince the Senate, which had expell'd 'em, was oblig'd to recall 'em ; to pro- vide for the Security of Women of Honour, and to keep the Nobles employ'd, left they Aiould turn their Heads to make Innovations in the State.

COUSIN, a Term of Relation and Kinftiip, applied to thofe who are iffu'd from two Brothers, or two Sifters,

In the firft Generation they are call'd Coufin Germans, i. e. next Coufins. See German.

In the fecond, Iffues of Germans, or fecond Coufins ; in the third and fourrh, Coufins in the third and fourth Degrees.

In the Primitive Times, it was allow'd Coufin-Gercnam to marry, to prevent their making Alliances in Heathen Fa- milies ; but Tbeodcfius the Great prohibited it under Pain of Death ; on pretence that they were, in fome fort, Bro- thets and Sifters, with regard to each other.

The Word is ordinarily derived from Confangllineus ; tho Menage brings it from Congenius, or Congeneus, q. d. ex eo- dem genere.

paternal Coufins, are thofe iffu'd from Relations on the Father's fide ; Maternal, thofe on the Mother's.

Cousin is alfo a Title of Honour, which Kings bellow on Peers or Nobles, foreign Princes of the Blood, Cardinals, and the principal Perfons of their State ; particularly Dukes.

COUSS1NET, Cufl/ion, in Architecture, the Stone that crowns a Picdroit, or Peer ; or that lies immediately over the Capital of the lmpoit, and under the Sweep. See Im- post, Pieproit, ci?c.

Its Bed, below, is level, and above, curved ; receiving the firft Rife or Spring of the Arch, or Vault. See Arch, Eifc.

Coussinet is alio ufed for the Ornament in the Louie Capital between the Abacus, and Echinus, or Quarter- Round 5 and which lerves to form the Volutes. See Capital.

Ii is thus denominated from irs reprcfenting a Pillow or Cuftiion, prefs'd by the Weight over it, and bound with the Strap or Girdle, call'd by Vitruvius, Saltheus.

COUSU, in Heraldry, is ufed in the fame Senfe as Rcm- fly, viz. for a Piece of another Colour or Metal, placed on the' Ordinary, as if it were lew'd on ; which the Word in the French Language naturally implies.

This is generally of Colour on Colour, or Metal on Metal, contrary to the general Rule of Heraldry : Whence the Word denotes, rhat the Piece is not properly on the Field, but in the Nature of a thing few'd on.

COUTH UTLAUGH, from the Saxon Couth, Scieits, Knowing; and Utlaugh,exlex, Outlaw ; is he that wittingly receives a Man outlaw'd, and cheriAies or conceals him. See Outlaw.

In which Cafe he was, in anticnt Time, fubject to the fame Punifhment with the Outlaw himfclf. Srailon, 1. 3.

COUVERT, in Heraldry, denotes fomething like a Piece of Hanging, or a Pavilion falling over rhe Top of a Chief, or other Ordinary ; fo as not to hide, but only be a Coveting thereto.

COWARD, in Heraldry, a Lion borne in an Efcutcheon, with his Tail doubled or turn'd in between his Legs, is called a Lion Coward.

COWL, ot COUL, Cuculla, a fort of Hood, wore by certain Monks. See Coul.

CO WRING, in Falconry, the quivering of young Hawks, which Aiake their Wings, in Sign of Obedience to the old ones.

COXjE, or COCCIGIS Os,, in Anatomy, a Eone join'd to the lower Bone of the Os Sacrum ; confiding of three or four little Bones and two Cartilages. See Sacrum.

In form it refembles a little Tail, the loweft Bone grow- ing gradually lefs and lefs than the upper, till it end in a cartilaginous Point, which is turn'd upwards for the Conve- nience of fitting.

Thefe two Bones are but loofty fix'd ; efpectally in Wo- men ; in whom, at the Time of Parturition, they eafilygive way.

The Ufe of this Bone is to fuftain the Intcftinum Rec- tum : It has Mufcles in common with the Arms, to draw it upwards, or inwards. See Coccigis Mufculi.

Coxje, or Coxendicis Ojfa, call'd alfo Offa Lummnata, and in Englflo the Hi/'-Sones, ate two large Bones, fituate on either fide the Os Sacrum.

In Infants, each of thefe ennfifts of three difiinci Bones, feparated by Cartilages ; which, in Adults, grow up, and conftitute one firm, foiiJ Bone ; whofe Parrs, however, re- tain three diftinct Names, according to their former Divi- fion, viz. the Os Ilium, Os Ifchium, by fome peculiarly call'd Os Coxendicis, and Os 'Tufos ; which fee in their pro- per Places Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.

Coxa Mufculus, according to Dr. 'Drake, a Pair of Muf- cles arifing flcfliy from the Os Ifchium, between the Muf- culi Marfupialis, and Vyrtfinms, and defcending obliquely, terminate on each fide the Os Ccccygis, and adjoining Part of the Os Sacrum, ferving to draw rhe Os Ccccygis upwards and inwards; as Antagonifts to two Ligaments, fpringing from the back Part of the Os Sacrum, and terminating in the external Surface of the Os Ccccygis.

CRABS-EYES, Oculi Cancrorum, or Lafides Cancrcrmn, in Natural Hiflory and Medicine, are little, white, round Stones, ordinarily flat ; fo call'd, becaufe taken out of the Craw-fifti, or River Lobfter: and tho bearing no great refem- blance to Eyes, yet refembling them more than any other Part. They are much ufed in Medicine, as a powerful Alcali, or Abforbent. See Absorbent, Alcali, i$c.

The mod able Naturalids imagine 'em form'd in the Brain of the Animal. Vanhclmont firft found 'em in the Region of the Stomach : M. Geoff roy the younger has ob- ferv'dthe manner of their Formation much more accurately.

According to him, we may lay down one Ciafs of Animals, which have their Bones withoutfide ; whereas the reft have 'cm withinfide : Of the firft Kind are the Fifties we are fpeaking of. See Shell.

Thofe of the Rivers dived themfelves every Year in June of the Bones wherewith they are cover'd and arm'd ; ^ a Membrane wherewirh the Infide of thofe Scales is lin'd, takes their Place, and hardens, by degrees, into a new Scale.

Indeed, 'tis much lefs wondet an Animal Aiould caft its Skin, or Covering ; than that it Aiould difcharge it felf of its Stomach, as the Craw-fiAi does ; and even, as M. Geof- frey thinks, of its Intettines too : The exterior Membranes of thofe Vifcera taking their place.

There is room to believe, that as they puttify and diffolve, they ferve for Food to the Animal ; during the Time of the Reformation, the old Stomach is the firft Food the new one digeds.

'Tis only in this time that the Stones are found, called Crahs-Eyes : They begin to be fotm'd when the antient Sto- mach is deftroy'd ; and are afterwards wrap'd up in the new one, where they decreafe by degrees rill they difappear entirely. See Testaceous 'Louder.

CRAFT, a Sea Term, fignifying all manner of Lines, Nets, Hooks, which ferve for fiftiing.

Hence, as thofe that ufe the Fifhing Trade, ufe fmall Vcffels, fuch as Ketches, Hoys, Smacks, &c. they call fuch little Vcffels fmall Craft.

CRAMP, a kind of Numbnefs, or Convulfion, occafion'd by a thick vifcidVapour.entering the Membranes of thcMufcles which contracts or ext'nds the^Neck, Arms, Legs, iSc. with a violent, but tranfitory Pain ; being ufually driveu off with Friction alone. See Convulsion.

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