Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/495

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other immediately. Whenever the Oflave or Fifth is to be m ade ufe °f' t, ' e Fam mu{l P roc eed by a contrary Mo- tion, except the Treble move into fuch Oftave or Fifth orad'ually- If in a Snar P Ke y> the Bafs defcend gradually from the 5th / t0 the 4* /, the laft, in that Cafe, mult never

the laft. have its proper Harmony applied to it; but the jfotes that were Harmony in the preceding 5 th /, mud be COD tinu'd on the 4th /. Thirds and fifths may follow one another as often as one has a mind.

figurative Counter-point is of two Kinds : In the one, pifcords are introdue'd occasionally; ferving only as Transi- tions from Concord to Concord : In the other, the Difcord tears a chief part in the Harmony. See Discord.

Tor the firfi; nothing but Concords are ever to be us'd c0 the accented Parts of the Meafure : In the unaccented Parts, Difcords may pafs tranficntly, without any Offence to the Ear. This the French call Suppofition; becaufe the tranfient Difcord always fuppofes a Concord immediately following it : Which is of infinite Service in Mufick. See Supposition.

For the fecond, wherein the Difcords are ufed as a folid and fubttantial Part of the Harmony; the Difcords that n ave Place are the Fifth when join'd with the Sixth, to which it Hands in the Relation of a Difcord : the Fourth w hen join'd with the Fifth; the Ninth, which is in effefl the Second; the Seventh, and the Second and Fourth.

Thefe Difcords are introdue'd into the Harmony with due Preparation; and are to be fucceeded by Concords : which is commonly call'd the Refolution of Difcord.

The Difcord is prepar'd by firtl fubfilting in the Har- mony in quality of a Concord; i.e. the fame Note which becomes the Difcord is firlt a Concord to the Bafs Note im- mediately preceding that to which it is a Difcord. The Difcord is refolv'd by being immediately fucceeded by a Concord delcending from it by the Diflance only of Second ^ or Second /.

As the Difcord makes a fubftantial Part of the Harmo- ny, fo it mull always poffefs an accented Part of the Mea- fure. Now to introduce the Difcords into Harmony; it muft be confider'd what Concords may ferve for their Preparation and Refolution : The Fifth, then, may be prepar'd either by being an Oflave, Sixth, or Third. It may be refolv'd either into the Sixth, or Third. The Fourth may be pre- par'd in all the Concords, and may be refolv'd into the Sixth, Third, or Oflave. The Ninth may be prepar'd in all the Concords except the Oflave; and may be refolv'd into the Sixth, Third, or Oflave. The Seventh may be prepar'd in all the Concords; and refolv'd into the Third, Sixth, and Fifth. The Second and Fourth are ufed very differently from the reft; being prepar'd and refolv'd into the Bafs. See Harmony, Concord, Discord, Key, Clef, Modu- lation, £s?c.

Counter-part, in Mufick, denotes a Part to be oppo- se to fome other; as the Bafs is the Counter-pan of the Treble. See Part.

Counter-Tenor, is one of the mean or middle Parts of

C 339 ) COU

C^m^- Approaches in Fortification, Lines or Works made by the Befieg'd, when their Trenches meet the Lines of Attack of the Befiegers. See Approaches

U™te.-2« Wji, a Battery on the Side 'oppofite to that or the Enemy; eipscially that which aims to difcount

See

Mufick; fo call'd, as if it were oppofite to the Tenor. Tenor.

Counter-part, in Law, is the Duplicate, or Copy of any Indenture, or Deed. See Duplicate.

Counter-Plot, a Plor, or Intrigue conttived to thwart and overthrow another. See Plot.

Counter-Roll, a Counterpart, or Copy of the Rolls re- lating to Appeals, Inqueits, g?c. See Roll.

Counter-Rounii, a Body of Officers going ro vifit, and mlpect the Rounds, or the Sentinels. See Round.

Co

unter-swallow-tail, an Outwork, in form of a

Cngle Tcnaille, wider at the Gorge than at the Head. Swallow-Tail.

Counter-Tally, one of the two Tallies whereon any ™»g is fcored. See Tally.

CounterLight, or Counter-jour, a Window or Light Ppolue;o any thing, which makes it appear to a difadvan- »ge. A fingie Counter-light is fufficient to take away all toe Beauty of a fine Painting.

Counter-Drawing, in Painting, g?e. the copying a De = n or Painting, by means of a fine linen Cloth

See

Jjper, or other tranfparent Matter; whereon the Strok "ing thro', are follow'd and traced with a Pencil

an oil'd ■okes

with

w without Colour. See Drawing.

^ Some,, mes they coimteftkaw on Glafs, and with Frames and j r 1 int0 Sc l uares. with Silk or with Thread;

as ,h» I, me!lns ot Jnliruments invented for the Purpofe; i! »e Parallelogram. See Parallelogram. ^ '

tsUl™*'^ 00 *' in Rolli "g- 1> f^ Printing, a Print taken

<w,h e p no r r - ftefl? primed; which ' b y bein S P alVd

See P RlN. ' glves the F 'g ure of the former, but inverted.

^°ticTZ'k 0V, e \ is alfo to E ali a De % n in Wack Lead,

' tea Uialk thro' the Pieii

, S J'°"ge, both that,
 * r °°t is to be take


 * o pals

after

covering the

in War, a Change of the Face, or whereby the Men who were in the

their they had

the Enemy's Cannon. "See Battery.

Counter-guard, in Fortification, a triangular Work in form ot a large Parapet, placed beyond the Duct, before the Point and Faces of the Baflion.

It differs from the Demi-lune, in that it covers the whole Baftion. The Engineers ordinarily call it the Enveloppe See Enveloppe.

'Tis chiefly us'd when the Baflion is on an Eminence • and tis by means hereof that Baftions may be doubled and tripled. Counter-guards are very fit for 1 weak Parts of a Place.

Counter-March, Wings of a Battalion '; Front, come to be in the Rea/.

This is an Expedient they have recourfe to when the Enemy attacks their Rear; or when they cha March for a Direflion oppofite to that wherein begun.

The Counter-March is either made by Files, or Ranks, by Files when the Men in the Front of the Battalion go into the Rear : by Ranks, when the Wings or Flanks of the Battalion change Ground with one another.

The Term is alfo ufed at Sea, for the like Change of a Squadron. °

Counter-Mine, in War, a fubterraneous Vault, running the whole length of a Wall, three Foot broad, and fi? deep, with feveral Holes and Apertures therein; contriv'd to prevent the Effefls of Mines, in cafe the Enemy fliould make any to blow up the Wall. See Mine.

This Kind of Counter-mine is now little in ufe. The mo- dern Counter-mine is a Well and a Gallery, funk on purpofe till it meet the Enemy's Mine, and prevent its Effefl : it being firft pretty well known whereabouts it is.

Counter-Mure, or Counter-^//, a little Wall built dole to another, to fortify and fecure it, that it may not receive any Damages from Buildings made contiguous to it.

By the Cuftom of "Paris, If a Stable be erefled apainfl .- Partition-Wall, there muft be Inches thick. M.

ought Wall.

Counter-Wall added, eight 'Bullet obferves, that the Counter-Wall never to be bound, or connefled with the proper

r having moiften'd with a and the Paper on which the Coumer-

Counter-scarp, in Fortification, the Slope, or Accli- vity of the Ditch, looking towards the Campagne. See Scarp. r °

, T i.'r T. erm fc metimes alfo takes in the Covert-way, and the Glacis. '

Counterfcarps are fometimes made of Stone, and without any Slope.

To be lodg'd on the Counterfcarp, is to be lodg'd on the Covert-way, or the Glacis. See Covert-2-%.

Counter-Trench, in Fortification, a Trench made againft the Befiegers, and which, of confequence, has its Parapet turn'd towards 'em. See Trench.

There are ufually a great many Communications between this and the Place, to prevent the Enemy from making any ufe of it, in cafe they render themfelves Mafters thereof.

Counter-vallation, a Counter-Line, or Ditch, made around a Place befieg'd; to prevent the Sallies and Excur- sions of the Garrifon, when it is flron».

Along its Edge, on the Side of the Place, runs a Parapet; and it is flank d from Space to Space.

Counter-working, in the Military Art, the raifing of Works, in order to oppofe thofe of the Enemy. See Work. Counter-gage, in Carpentry, a Method ufed to meafure the Joints, by transferring, v. g. the breadth of a Mortoife to the Place in the Timber where the Tenon is ro be, in order to make em fit each other.

Counter-Mark, a fecond or third Mark, thing mark'd before.

The Word is us'd in Commerce, for put on a Bale of Goods belonging to feveral Merchants; that it mayn t be open'd but in the Prefence of 'em all, or their Agents.

In Goldfmiths Works, &c. the Counter-Mark is the Mark or Punchion of the Hall, or Company, to fhew the Metal is Standard, added to that of the Artificer that made it.

Counter-Mark of a Horfe, an Artificial Cavity, which the Jockeys make in the Teeth of Horfes tha ' the Natural Mark; to difguife their Age, pear as if they were not above fix Tears 'old. See Mark."

Counter-Mark of a Medal, is a Mark added to a Medal, a long time after its being (truck. See Medal.

The Counter-Marks appear to be Faults or Flaws in Me- dals, disfiguring the Ground, fometimes on the Side of the Head, and fometimes on the Reverfe; particularly in the large and middle-nVd Brafs : yet are they elteem'd as Beauties among the Curious,, who fet a particular Value on fuch

Medals,

put on any

the feveral Marks

have out-grown and make 'em ap-