Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/493

 C O U C 337 ) COU

There are two Kinds of Coats ; the one white very three large Pearls, of a row of Pearls, whereof thofe in the large, wore in Ceremony, and when they affift at the Office : Middle and Extremities of the ComJ7d°Li above he l tP ' .\.», hark, wore on rtrAmarv n,-™£«,™ ;« .u^ ...,i ^ ^ ^.ww*i.j, auvance above me

The ' other black, wore on ordinary Occafions, in the reit. 6ee Coronet.

Streets, t>0-, Counts were originally Lords of the Court, or of the Fm-

F. MMbn maintain the CM to be the fame thing per0 rs Retinue, and had their Name ^i/wfi C^L«1

w ;,„.he Scafulary. The ^Author of the Apology of the or i Commando: Hence; thofe who were alwTvfin he

Etnperor Henry IV. di&nguilhe. two Forms of Coat ; the P.lace, or at the Emperor's Side, were called Counts Vala-

,„e a Gown reaching to the Feet, haying Sleeves and a tine, or Conines i latere. See Palatine.

C^J-LtS Il Ce ^?r" *. tefl^f ^ °. H °° d, t0 * In the Times of the Commonwealth, L.U

,„rk.n, caiieo alio ocapmary, became it only covers the &«„, was a general Name for all thofe who accompa-

m i and Shoulders. See Scafulary „ > d the p roconfuis and p r< w tori int0 the p rovinccSi tn £ re

The Word .s form d from the LatrntoHto by confound- to fove the Commonwealth; as the Tribunes, Kxk&U

i„g the rwo firrt Syllables into one, as being the fame twice Scribes, Kc.

'^rTW^i^TrnrixrQCT »n- l, ,* ■• Under the Emperors, C<wm7« were the Officers of the 'COUNCIL or COUNSEL, an Affembly, or Meeting Palace. The Origin of what we now call Counts, feems f divers considerable Perfo ns, or Officers, ro confider and owing to Auguflus, who took feveral Senators to be his Co- concert Malum touching the Admmiftration of publ.ck Af- mhos, as Dim obferves, i.e. to accompany him in his Voya- 6i „ or for the rendnng of Juft.ce. ges anJ Travels, and to aflul him in hearing of Caules ; The *i«8 J Trivyfouncil ,s the fnw» Wife of the which were here judg'd with the fame Authority as in full Civil Government of £^ W; and that_from which all the Senate. GallianTota, to have aboli/h'd this Council, by

forbidding the Senatots being found in the Armies ; and none of bis Succeifors re-eftabliffi'd i

inferior Orbs derive their Motion. See ?B.ivi-Council

In the French Polity Councils are very numerous : They have their Council of State, Council of the Finances, Council if <J)ifpatches, Council of Diretlions, Grand Council, Coun- „•; of the Regency, Council of Confctence, &c.

Thefc Counfellors of the Emperor, were really Cbuntsi Comites, i. e. Comp a nions of the Prince ; and they fome- times took the Title thereof, bur always with the Addition

Council in Church-Hirtory and Policy, is a Synod, or of the Emperor's Name whom they ac'company'd : So that

JUTcmbly of prelates, and Doflors, met for the regulating it was rather a Mark of their Office than a Title of Dignity,

f Matters relat.ng to the DoBrine or Difcipline or rhe Conftantius was rhe firft who converted it into a Dignity ;

C TL„ Trl' ; ■ *„■ ,., r, v, , c ? nd under him " was ' that the Nam <= was firft given ab-

A •Provincial Council, is an Affembly of the Prelares of folutely

, Province, under the Metropolitan. See Province. The Name once eftabliih'd, was in a little time indiffe-

A National Council is an Affembly of the Prelates of rently confer'd, not only on thofe who follow'd the Court, and

a Nation, under their Primate or Patriarch. See Primate, accompany'd the Emperor, but alfo to moft Kinds of Offi-

An Oecumenical or General Council, is an Affembly or all cers ; a long Lift whereor is giv

the Prelates of Cbriflendom. See Oecumenical.

Indeed, to conftitute a General Council, 'tis not requir'd that all the Prelares fhould be actually prefent ; 'tis l'uffi- cient that the Council be regularly appointed, and that they may be there, or are call'd thereto.

General Councils are frequently call'd by Eccleiiaflical Au- thors Plenary Councils.

The Romanifts reckon 1 8 General Councils ; whereof on- ly the four firft are admitted by the Reformed. The Num- ber is made out thus: two of Nice, four of Conftantinople, one of Ephefus, one or Chalcedon, five of the Lateran, two of Lyons, one of Vienna, one of Florence, and the laft of
 * fnnt, which held from 1545 to 15^3.

The Council of T'rent ordains Provincial Councils to be held every three Years ; yet the laft held in France is that of Soitrdeaux, 100 Years ago.

The Word comes from the Latin Concilium, which figni- Ees no more than an Affembly ; for we fay, Concilium Deo- rum, Concilium Tatrum, Concilium Martyrum, ckc.

There have been various Collections of Councils, as that

(iven us by B» Cange.

Eufel/ius tells us, that Conjlantine divided the Counts in- to three Claffes ; the firft bore the Title of Illuftres, the recond that or Clarijjimi, and afterwards Speftabiles ; the third were called TerfeStJ/imi. See Perfectissimate,££c. Of the two firft Claffes was the Senare compored ; thofe or the rhird had no Place in the Senate, but enjuy'd feveral other of rhe Privileges of Senators. See Senator.

There were Counts who ferv'd on Land, orhers at Sea 5 fome in a Civil, fome a Religious, and rome in a Legal Ca- pacity ; as, Comes JErarii, Comes Sacrarum Largiiionmn, Comes Sacri Confiftorii, Comes Curite, Comes Capellte, Comes Archiatrorum, Comes Commerciorum , Comes Vcfliarius, Comes Horreorum, Comes Opftmiorum aut AnnondS, Comes Domeflicorum, Comes Equorum regiorum, aut Comes Std- buli ; Comes 'Domorum, Comes Excubitoriim, Comes Nota- riorum, Comes Lcgum, feu •Profejfor in Jure, Comes Li- mitum, aut Marcarum ; Comes Maritime ; Comes Tortus Romie ; Comes 'Patrimonii.

The Francs, Germans, &c. paffing into Gaul and Ger- many, did not abolifh the Form or the Roman Government ; of Dr. Merlin at Tans in 1 524. ; one or F. Crabe, a Fran- and as rhe Governours or Cities and Provinces were called cifcm, .n 1536- ; another or Surius in 1557 ; another at Counts, Comites, and Dukes, Duces, they continued to be Venice, in 1585 ; another at Rome in 1608 ; one of Status call'd fo. See Duke.

Canon r Cologne, in 1S0S, in 10 Volumes : Another or the Thefe Governours commanded in time of War ; and in Louwe in 1644, in 37 Volumes : Another of F. I Abbe and time of Peace adminifter'd Jullice. Thus, in the Time of r- Ctffart, Jefuits, in 1S71, in 17 Volumes, more ample Cbalemaign, Counts were the ordinary Judges and Gover- than the reft. Laftly, another is fhortly expefled from F. nours of the Cities, all under one.

Hardoum, another Jefijit. There Counts of Cities were beneath the Dukes, and

Council of War, is an Affembly of the principal Offi- Counts who prefided over Provinces ; the firft being confli- cts ot an Army, or Fleer, occafionally call'd by the Gene- tuted in the particular Cities under the Jurifdiaion or rhe "lor Admiral, to confider or the prefent State of Things, l a tter. The Counts or Provinces were in nothing inferior to Md concert Meafures for their Conduct, with regard to Dukes, who themfelves were only Governours or Provinces.
 * f s ' ^"eats, Engagements, Sgc: Under the laft op the fecond Race of Kings, they got

1 he fame Term is fomerimes alfo ufed for an Affembly or their Dignity render'd Hereditary ; and even ufurp'd the the Officers ot" a Regiment, or Ship; met to try Soldiers Sovereignty when Hugh Capet came to the Crown : His Au- nt Sailors accufed or any Crime, thority was not ftirficient to oppole their Encroachments 5 tommon Council, is a Court or Affembly, wherein are and hence it is rhey date the Privilege or wearing Coronets made all By-Laws which bind the Citizens or London : It in their Arms: they affum'd ir then, as enjoying the Rights tonlms, like the Parliamenr, op two Houfes ; an upper, con- or Sovereigns in their particular Diflridts, or Counties. But, tiling of the Lotd Mayor and Aldermen ; and a lower, of a by degrees, the Counties became reunited to the Crown, ^umber of Common-Council-Hen, chofe by the feveral The Quality or Count is now become very different from w ™ s > as Reprefentatives or the Body or the Citizens. what it was antiently ; being now no more than a Title, _ „OUNT, Comes, a Nobleman who poffeffes a Domain which a King grants upon erecting aTerritory into a County,

erected into a County. See County. Ei'gltjh Counts we diftinguifh by the Title or Earls, (fee '^ L foreign ones flill letain their proper Name. ., Dignity of a Count, is a Medium berween that of a u "ke and a Baron. See Nobility.

wirh the Referve of Jurifrlicfion and Sovereignty tohinrfeir.

At firft there was no Claufe in the Parent ot" Erecfion,

intimating the Reverfion of the County to the Crown in de-

faulr of Heirs Male ; bur Charles IX. to prevent their be-

„„ * jng too numerous, ordain'd that Duchies and Counties, in

E K/r "^ t0 t ' le m - odern ul e> m °1 Plenipotentiaries and dePault of Heirs Male, fhould return to the Crown. mbaffadors affume the Title or Counts ; tho they have no The Point of Precedence between Counts and Marquiffes, ounty ; as the Count dAvaux, &c. has been formerly much controverted ; tbeReafon was, that

Antiently, all Generals, Councilors, Judges, and Secre- there are Counts who are Peers op France, but no Marquif-

former feveral! A Count has adorn'd

See Duke. and Marcjuiss.

Right to bear on his Arms a Coronet, William the Conqueror, as is obferv'd by Camden, gave

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with three precious Stones, and Turmounted with the Dignity or Counts in Fee to his Nobles ; annexing it ro

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