Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/491

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COS

It appears from Theocritus, that it was not only ufed to find oi ( I' er f° ns unknown ; but alio to difcover the Secrets of thofe that were known.

The Word comes from the Greek yJmrr, Riddle, and Mrtui, Divination.

CO-SECANT, in Geometry, the Secant of an Arch, which Arch is the Complement of another Arch to 90 De- grees. See Secant, and Complement. COSINE, is the right Sine of an Arch, which is the Complement of another to 90 Degrees. See Sine, and

CoMFtEMENT.

COSMETIC, a Term in Phyfick, ufed for any Medicine, Preparation, or Means ufed to beautify and embeliilfi the Face, and preferve or improve the Complexion ; as Ccrufs, an d the whole Tribe of Fucus's, Wallies, Cold Creams, Lip-Salves, (Sic.

The Indians ufe the Water of green Cacao-Nuts as a grand Qifmetic, which wonderfully improves the Complexion.

COSMICAL, a Greek Term, uepixfc, of jtooy.«, World-, denoting (bmcthing that refers, or has a relation to the World!

Thus, among Aftrologcrs, Cofmical AffeU, is the AfpcS of a Planet with refpect to our Earth.

Cofmical Qualities are ufed by Mr. Boyle in the fame Senfe with Syflcmatical ones. Tho, in considering the Qualities of Natural Bodies, we ufually only take in the Powers any particular one has of acting on, or its Capacity of raftering from the Action of, another, wherewith it is ob- ferv'd to have fome manifeft Commerce, by a Communica- tion of Impreffions : yet there may be fome Attributes be- longing to a particular Body, and feveral Alterations to which it may be liable, not barely on account of thole Qua- lities prefum'd to be evidently inherent in it, nor of the Refpecfs it bears to thofe other particular Bodies whereto it fcems manifeftly related ; but on account of a Syftem con- (lituted as our World is, of fuch a Fabrick, that thete may he many unheeded Agents, which by unperceiv'd means have great Operations on the Body we confider, and work fuch Changes in it, and enable it to work fuch Changes on other Bodies, as are rather to be afcrib'd to fome un- heeded Agents, than to thofe other Bodies with which the Body propos'd is obferv'd to be concern'd. So that if many Bodies that might be nam'd, were plac'd together in fome imaginary Space, beyond the Bounds of our Syftem ; tho they would retain many of the Qualities they are now en- dow'd with, yet they could not poflefs 'em all : but by be- ing reftor'd to their former Places in this World, they wou'd regain a Set of Faculties and Difpofitions, depending on fome unheeded Relations, and Imprefltons from the determi- nate Fabrick of the grand Syftem, or World, whereof they ate Parts. And thefe are what Mr. Boyle calls Cofmical or fyftematical Qualities.

To account for thefe Cofmical Qualities, the fame Author Jiopofes fome Cofmical Sufpicions, as to fome unobferv'd Iras and Orders of Nature ; and refers 'em principally to the Action of certain Effluvia hitherto unobferv'd. See Effluvia.

Cosmical is alfo ufed in Aftronomy, to cxprefs one of the Poetical Rifings of a Star.

Thus, a Star is laid to rife Cofmically, when it rifes toge- ther with the Sun ; or with that degree of the Ecliptic whetcin the Sun then abides. See Rising. , So, the Cofmical Setting is, when a Star fets and goes down in the Weft, at the fame time the Sun rifes in the Eaft.
 * c Setting.

( 335 ) COT

'Pleura. See Vertebra.

ate lin'd with the

Thefe Vertebra are the eight which fHllmi, ,u r j call'd the Axillary, and J therefore th"° th^ u°rth' fifth, and to the tenth inclufive. ' Iourtn >

COSTvE, in Anatomy. See Ribs.

COSTIVENESS, in Medicine, a preternatural Detention ot the Excrements, with an unufual Hardnefs or Drvnefs thereof; and, thence, a difficulty of difchargin* 'em See

.EXCREMENT.

This is the oppofite to a Diarrhea, or Looft

JJlARRHJE A.

WW ^Mttieai TranfaBions, we have an uncommon jt,„?,<P,^' V r'* eJ l b ? ^-Sherman: the Patient, one

nomas •Phhfrfa feveral y never wen[ m St j ol

lelsthan 19 or zo Weeks : He generally eat and drank as well as his Neighbours ; and did all the while the Office of a la-

See

ofeneis. See

bouring M:

yet was not any of the other Evacuations fen-

fibly greater than in other pi Years old.

oplp. He died of it at 23

Jl^fT^ti Remedi « W ge^e Preparations of Senna lenitive Electuaries, Cream of Tartar, laxative L«ly iters, tSc '

COSTUS Arabian, the Root of a Tree refembling El- dar, brought from Arabia ; whence its Name.

to enter the Competition of

Its chief ufe in Medicine Venice Treacle.

Th f beft is heavy of a cineritious Colour withoutfide, a reddim within, difficult to break, of a ftrong Smell, and an aromanc Tafte. °

This Root was formerly call'd Coftns Verus, and was di- vided into two Kinds, the/117^ and the bitter Coflus ; both of which are now uncommon. M. Charas, and others, are of Opinion there is but one kind of Coflus, which proves more or Ids Tweet or bitter, according to the Soil where it is fed.

Costus Indian, an American Root, called alfo Coflus Slam h Coflus Corticofus, Coflus Corticus, White Cinnamon, and Winter s Bark. The Iftands of Madagascar in Africa, or Domingo and Guadaloufa in America, are the Places

W n'Ai. « e ^° 11 and beft is found - See Cortex Wmteranus.

COTAGE, or COTTAGE, a Houfe without Land be- longing to it, Stat. 4 Edit,. I. By a later Statute,, 1 Eliz,. no Man may build a Houfe without laying four Acres of Land to it : So that, properly, a Co.'age now is a Houfe with- out tour Acres of Land to it

CO-TANGENT is the Tangent of an Arch, which is the Complement of another Arch to S o Degrees. See Tangent. °

COTHURNUS, Buskin, a very high Shoe, or a kind of x atten, rais d on Seals of Cork ; wore by the antient Ac- ■" Tragedy to make 'em appear the taller, and the ike the Heroes they reprefented ; moft of whom uppos d to be Giants. See Traced*

It cover'd thegreateft part of the Leg.and was tied beneath the Knee. Sophocles is faid to have invented the Cothurnus. See Buskin.

COTICE, or COTISE, in Heraldry, is the fourth Part ot the Bend which, with us, is feldom if ever born but in Couples with a Bend between them ; and whence, proba- bly, the Name : hom the French Cot!, Side born, as it were on the Sides of the Bend.

tors in more i were

they being

Difpofition and Relation of all its Pa ot 'eprefenting them on a Plane. Mmography confifts of two Parts ; Aftrono n«vs the Structure of the Heavens and the Difp'ofition of ™ Stars. See Astronomy. And Geography, which Iliews thofe of the Earth. See

GEOGRAPHY.

The Word comes fron? t]je Gyeck Ki Mundus, World,

CCVm' "' I defcribe -

fcrvirm r BE ' an antient Mathematical Inftrument,

, gtomeafureDiftances, both in the Heavens and on '^arth. See Distance.

tnhll C "^ uh i e is in great meafute the fame with the Af- _~ u e. oce A" - -

. - ""*< -ASTROLABE.

L Mlurff}f^ n T fi ''\ °" n U "r^l Infirument, by thus they are fepa'r'atTd

and Weft-Indies, efpecially in the Antilles. I with the Manner an oval form, about the fee of a Nut : As it ripens it

„ whi.b ? T S bk, Ck D »" thout , fi , de i and by the heat of the Sun opens ?■>. . cn „ m feveral Places, dilcovering the Cotton thro' the Clefts which is of an admirable Whitcnefs. In each Fruit arc' found feveral little Beans, which are the Seed of the Tree

There is another kind of Cotton Tree, which creeps along the Ground, as the Vine wou'd do if unfupported - the Cot- ton whereof is the moft etteem'd. And the late Relations from the South mention two other Kinds, the one in the Terra firma otBraftl, the other in the Ifle of S. Catherine. The Seed of the Cotton being mix'd, in the Fruit, toge- ther with the Cotton it felf, they have invented little Ma. chines, which being play'd by the Motion of a Wheel, the Cotton fills on one fide, and the Seed on the other ; and

~COSVirfpA n r a J". eatire ex P re % thereon, printed in 1612 'imes 2? LITAN ' or COSMOPOLITE, a Term fome- Pia « of ah j° gnlf >' a Perfon who has no fi x' d i'ving, or

The Wn j ' Cr a Man who is a Stranger no-wherc'.
 * i City. Comes from the Grcck xS,r f". Mundus, and

One of the

C01

'""".vman he

e antient Philofophers being interrogated what

Cotton makes a vety confiderable Article of Commerce : it is diftmguiiri'd into 'Cotton in the Wool, and Spun-Cotton. The firft us'd for various Purpofes, as to put between two Stuffs, in Quilts, Night-Gowns, gfc. but 'tis the latter is more general ; fmnifhing various Cloths, Mutlins, Callicoes, Dimitties, and Flangings ; befides that 'tis frequently join'd with Silk and Flax, in the Compofition of other Stuffs.

"> Itlha"biMn»" e o as - ; anfiver'd he was a Cofmopclitan. •ant or Citizen of the World.

atomy. There arc eight Vertebra dif- thcy'row'the'seed in"$^'"anTga7her'it' inOtlober 5 i

the

Cn^\ m or Citiz ( POSTAL, i„ Anatl

The firit kind is ordinarily brought fcomCyprus zn&Smyrrta : Smyrna its Produce is greater than any where elfe ;

Near