Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/487

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„ me f a y } it was Pope Eufebuis who firft enjoin'd the Ufe f the Corporal j others fay S. Silvejler. It was the Cuftom

l air y Corporals, with iome Solemnity, to Fires, and to t0 .f ' elll agai'nft the Flames, in order to extinguish 'em.

q>bil$ & Comines fays, the Pope made Lotus XI. a Pre- r f of the Gsrporale wherein my Lord S. 'Peter fung Mafs. len C 0RPORATION, a Body Politick, or Incorporate h fo ii'd becaufe the feveral Members thereof are form'd into ca i6 g dy ; and are qualify 'd to take, purchafe, grant, have 01 common Seal, fue and be fued,^fc. in their joint Capacity. a A Corporation may be eftablifti'd three ways, viz. by Pre^ ration, by Letters Patent, and by AcT; of Parliament. ' Corporations arc either Ecclefiaftical, or Lay.

$cclcfi s fc ca l arc either Regular, as Abbies, Priories, renters, f$& or Secular, as Biftiopricks, Deanaries, Arch- deaconries, Parfonages, ££c Univerfities, Colleges, H^fpi- Jals. See Abby, Priory, Chapter, &c. fee alfo Hospi- tal & c -

lay, as thofe of Cities, Towns, Mayoralties, Bailliwicks, r 01I1 panies or Communities of Commerce, £5V. See Com- pany, 8?* ....

Again, a Corporation is either fole, or an aggregate of ma- n „. which laft is what the Civilians call a College. See College ; fee alfo Community.

CORPOREITY, a School Term. Subftance is ufually divided into Corporeal and Spiritual : Now Corporeity is the Quality of rhat which is Corporeal, or has Body 5 or that which conftitutes or denominates it fuch. See Sub- stance, and Body.

The Corporeity of God was the capital Error of the An- fyropofflorphites. Some Authors reproach lertutti&n with admitting a Corporeity in the Deity ; but 'tis manifeft, by $o4y he means no more than Subflance.

The Mahometans reproach the Samaritans at this Day, ff ith a Belief of the Corporeity of God. Many of the An- tients believ'd the Corporeity of Angels.

CORPORIFICATION, or Corporation, in Chymiftry, the Operation of recovering Spirits into the fame Body, or at leal! into a Body nearly the fame, with that which they had before their Spiritualizarion. See Spirit.

CORPS de Garde, a Poft in an Army, fometimes under Covert, fometimes in the open Air, to receive a Body o> Sol- diery, who are reliev'd from time to time, and who are to watch in their Turns, for the Security of a Quarter, a Camp, Station, £S?c.

The Word is alfo nfed for the Men who watch therein.

'Tisufual to have, befide the great, a little Corps de Garde, at a good diftance before the Lines; to be the more readily advertis'd of the Approach of the Enemy.

Corps, in Architecture, is a Term borrow'd from the Twicb, Signifying any Part that projects or advances beyond the Naked of a Wail 5 and which ferves as a Ground tor fome Decoration. See Projecture.

Corps de Sataille, is the main Body of an Army, drawn up for Battle.

CORPULENCY. See Obesity, and Fatness.

CORPUS, and CORPORA, Sody, Bodies, in Anatomy, Terms apply'd to feveral Parts in the Animal Structure ; as the Corpus Callofum, Corpora Striata, and Olivaria of the Brain $ the Corpora Cavernofa and Ncrvofa of the Penis ; Corpus Glandulofum, Corpus Reticulare, &c. See Callo- svuOorpus, Olivaria Corpora, &c.

Corpus is alfo ufed in Matters of Learning, for feveral Works of the fame Nature, collected, join'd, and bound to- gether. Thus, Gratian made a Collection of the Canons of the Church, called Corpus Canonum. See Canon.

The Corpus of the Civil Law is compos'd of the Digeft, Code, and Inftitutes. See Civil Law $ fee alfo Code, and Digest.

We have alfo a Corpus of the Greek Poets $ and another °f the Latin Poets. Sec Body.

Corpus Calkfum, is the Upper-part, or covering of the two lateral Ventricles of the Brain, appearing immediately under the Procefs of the 2)ura Mater, below the Depth of jll the Circumvolutions 5 being form'd by the Union of the Medullary Fibres of each fide. See Brain.

Corpus Glandulofum. See Prostrate.

Corpus Reticulare. See Reticulare Corpus.

Corpus cum Caufa, in Law, a Writ iffuing out of Chan- el to remove both the Body and Record touching the ^aufe of any Man lying in Execution upon a Judgment for P c ht, into the King's-Bench, &c. there to lie till he has Unsfy'd the Judgment.

CORPUSCLE, in Phyficks, a Diminutive of 'Corpus, us'd to exprefs the minute Parts, or Particles that conltitute Na- tural Bodies. See Particle, and Body.

Corpufdes arc the fame with what the Antients call'd moms ; and differ both from the Elementary and Hypofta- x '^\ Parts of the Chymifts, and the Materia ' Suhilis of the wrtejians. See Atom, Principle, Subtle, Matter,^.

Sir ' Ijhac Newton hhews a Method of determining the Si- zes of the Corpufdes whereof the Particles that compofe Na- tural Bodies cenfift, from their Colours. See Colour.

COR1 USCULAR or Atomical Philofophy, the Scheme Syftcm of Phyficks, wherein the Phenomena are account- ed for, from the Motion, Reft, Pofition, Arrangment, $£a of the minute Corpufdes, or Atoms, whereof ^Bodies are compos'd.

The Corpufctllar Philofophy, which now flourifhes under the Title of the Mechanical i Pl:lofophy i is exceedingly an- tient. Zeucippus and tDemocritus were the firft who taught it in Greece ; from them Epicurus receiv'd it and improv'd it, infomuch that it came at length to be denominated from him, and was call'd the Epicurean ^Philofophy. See Epi- curean.

Leucippus, again, is faid to have receiv'd it from Mochus a Qhemaan Pbyfiologift and Phyfician, before the Time of the 'Trojan War, and the firft who p'hilofophiz'd about Atoms : Tho Gale, who bonows all Profane Philofophy from the Sacred Philofophy in the Books of Mofcs, is of Opinion he might take the Hint from the Mofaic Hiftory of the Formation of Man out of the Duft of the Earth.

Indeed, Cafaubon takes Uuaov y or Mayj,v, to be the Name of a Syrian, who among his own Countrymen was called nt£>D Mofche, or according to the Method of writing which then obtain'd, Mofes : whence 'tis conje£tur'd that the Mofche* or Mojchns of the Tyrians, was, in etfeel, the Mofes of the Hebrews.

This appears to be (he Sentiment of Selden, Arcerius, Sec. But the Opinion of ' Bochart is the more probable, who from Pofidonitis and others, takes Mochus for an Inhabitant of Si- don, and his Philofophy to be nothing elfe but a Phyfiological or Natural Hiftory of the Creation,

After Epicurus, the Corpufcular Philofophy gave way to the Peripatetic, which became the popular Syftem. See Peripatetic.

Thus, in lieu of Atoms, were introdue'd Specific and Sub- ftantial Forms, Qualities, Sympathies, &c, which amus'd the World till Gajjendns, Charleton, des Cartes, Boyle, Nc-w- ton, and other, retriev'd the old Corpufcular i an Hypothecs 5 which is now b< come the Bafis of the Mechanical, and Ex- perimental Philosophy. See Mechanical, Experimen- tal, and Newtonian.

Mr. Boyle reduces the Principles of the Corpufcular Phi- lofophy to the four following Heads •

ift, That there is but one Catholick, or Univerfal Matter, which is an extended, impenetrable, and divifible Sub- flance, common to all Bodies, and capable of all Porms. See Matter.

This Sir I. Neivton finely improves on : * All Things con-

1 that God, in the Beginning, created Matter in folid, hard,
 * fider'd, fays that great Author, it appears probable to me,

4 gures, and with fuch other Properties, as moft conduced to 4 the End for which he form'd 'em : And that thefe pri- ' mitive Particles, being Solids, are incomparably harder ' than any of the fenfible porous Bodies compounded of ' 'em 5 even fo hard as never ro wear or break in pieces:
 * impenetrable, moveable Particles ; of fuch Sizes and Fi-

' in the firft Creation. While thefe Corpufdes remain cn-
 * no other Power being able to divide what God made one

( ture and Texture in all Ages : but fhould they wear away,
 * tire, they may compofe Bodies of one and the fame Na-

< wou'd be chang'd : Water and Earth, compos'd of old
 * or break in pieces, the Nature of things depending on era

1 of the fame Nature and Texture now, with Water and
 * worn Particles, and Fragments of Particles, wou'd not be


 * Earth compos'd of entire Particles at the Beginning. And

1 poreal Things are to be plac'd only in the various Separa-
 * therefore, that Nature may be lafting, the Changes of Cor-

Opticks.
 * tions and new Aflociations of thefe permanent Corpufdes.'

2d, That this Matter, in order to form the vafl A^ariety of Natural Bodies, muft have Motion, in fome or all its af- iignable Parts ; and that this Motion was given to Matter by God the Creator of all Things : and has all manner of Directions and Tendencies.

' Vis Incrtiee, accompanied with fuch paffive Laws of Mo-
 * Thefe Corpufdes, fays Sir I. Newton, have not only a


 * tion as naturally refult from that Force ; but alfo are


 * moved by certain active Principles ; fuch as that of Gra-

' of Bodies.* See Gravity, Fermentation, &c.
 * vity, and that which caufes Fermentation, and the Cohefion

3d, That Matter muft alfo be actually divided into Parts, and each of thefe primitive Particles, Fragments, or Atoms of Matter, muft have its proper Magnitude, Figure, and Shape.

4th, That thefe differently fiz'd and fhap'd Particles, have different Orders, Pofitions, Situations, and Poftures ; from whence all the Variety of Compound Bodies arifes.

CORRECTION, in Printing, the Retrenching of the Faults in a Work; or the Reading which the MaUer, or in his Place the Con-edor, give the firft Proofs, to point out and correa the Faults, to be adjufted, in the Forms, by the Compofitor. See Printing.

The