Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/484

 COR

(328 )

COR

ovcrer

Vitrmius obferves, that the Corinthian Order has no par- mareit between the two ; making Ceres the firfl Difc, ticular Ordonnance for its Cornice, or any of the other Or- and friftoiemus the firft Planter and Cultivator of r. naments of its Entablature ; nor does he give it any other Proportions than thofe of the Ionic Order : So that if it ap- pears higher than the Ionic, 'tis purely owing to the Excels of the height of its Capital. See Ionic.

He alfo makes the reft of the Entablature the fame ; and the AtticBikhe ufes indifferently for the one and the other.

^B^Vitmvius differs widely in this Order from all the teactf IW Secret to the Athenians till fhe had' firfl imWt! Examples now remaining of Antiquity 5 the moll beautiful ed her Country-men^ Others fay, Ceres pafs'd firfl i; whereof have a particular Bafe, and the whole Order Modules high ; whereas the Ionic has but 18. Again,

2>iodorus Sicnlits afcribes the Whole to Ifi s ; in" wit, 'Polydore Virgil obferves, he does not differ from the refl I/is and Cere's. being the fame. The Athenians pretend 1 ' was among them the Art began, and the Cretans 0" Candiots, Sicilians, and Egyptians lay claim to the fame Some think the Title of the Sicilians beft fupported, thai being the Country of Ceres : and Authors add, lh e di'd „'

Attica, thence into Crete, and laft of all into Sicily. M a of the Learned, however, maintain it was in Egypt t l| Art of cultivating Corn firft began ; and 'tis certain there was Corn in Egypt and the Eaft, long before the Time of Ceres

For the 'Preservation of Com : It muft be well dried and clean'd ; the Granary have irs Openings to the North or Eaft, and Vent-holes a-top. For the firft fix Months it muft be well ftirr'd every 15 Days ; afterwards it will be fufficient to fift it once per Month : After two Years it heats no more nor is there any thing to fear, but from the Air and foreign Moifture.

A little time after the Siege of Metz under Henryll, f France, the Duke d'Efperuon laid up vaft Stores of Corn in the Citadel ; which was preferv'd in good plight to the Tear 1707, when the French King and his Retinue faffing way eat Bread baked thereof. The chief Thing that contributes to the Prefervation of Com, is a Cruft which forms on its Surface, by the Germi- nation of the Grain underneath, to the thicknefs of an Inch irk of a Tree of the fame Name, much andhalf. On thatatylfe^Peoplcwalk'd, without its giving refembling'the Holm-Tree. See Bark, the lead way. At Sedan was a Granary cut in a Rock,

Its Leaves are green above, and white underneath ; and wherein a heap of Cora was prefervd no Years : It was its Fruit a real Acorn, which feeds much more than that of cover'd I with a Cruft a Foot thick, the Oak. It is found in great abundance in Spain, Italy, At Chalons they have Granaries where they Hill k eep

F-a ce &c Cor " ?° or +° Tears : ° rer p y Q- uiclc '

Vo take off the Birk they make an Incifion from top to lime, in fine Duft, to the thicknefs of three Inches; and

the bottom of the Tree, and at each Extremity another fprinkle this over wirh Water, whence antes a Cruft. The

dicular to the firft. When ftripp'd Grain near the Surface fprouts to the height of a Foot and

Capital is higher than that of Vitrmius by one third of a Module : and its Entablature, which has Modillions, and fomctunes Dentils together with Modillions, is very diffe- rent from the Ionic Entablature.

Moft of the modern Architefls fet afide Vitrnvtus s Co- rinthian Ordonnance, and follow that of the antient Build- ings ; (electing from them according to their feveral Taftes : So that the modern Corinthian is a kind of Compofite ; dif- fering from any of the antient Buildings, and much more from Vitruvius's Rules.

Vignola and M. le Clerc make the Corinthian Order 20 Modules high : yet Serlio only makes it 18 ; and M. 'Per- rat'lt 18-, retrenching fomething from the 19 of Vitntvius. Year

The height of the Shaft M. 'Perraillt makes lefs than that^ that Of the Ismic, by reafon of the Excefs of its Capital. See Column ; fee alfo Shaft, Base, and Entablature.

Corinthian Srafs. See Brass.

round the Tree, pcrpi

from rhe Tree, which does nor therefore die, tis pil d up in a Pond or Ditch, and loaden with heavy Stones to flatten it, and reduce it into Tables : Hence it is taken, to be dry'd ; and when fufficiently dry put in Bales for Carriage.

If care ben't taken to llrip the Bark, it fplits and peels off it felf ; being pufh'd up by another Bark form'd underneath.

The Bark of Cork, as well as the Acorn, are of fome ufe

half: thefe rhe Winter kills; and the Heap is left untouch'd till Necefiity obliges 'em to it.

CORNACHINE 'Ponder, a purging Pouder, call'd alfo Earl of Warwick's 'Ponder, and Pulvis de trihus.

It is compos'd of equal Parrs of Antimonium %)iaphcre- ticum, 'Diagridium, and Cream of 'tartar.

CORKAGE, an antient Tenure, the Service whereof

in Medicine ; being both reputed Aftringents, after being was to blow a Horn, when any Invafion of the Scots was pa- burnt and pouder'cf, when us'd externally ; but the chief ceiv'd. See Service.

emolov of the former is to put under Slippers, igc. and to This Tenure was very frequent in the Northern Counties,

Hop Bottles. near the y;& Wall. But by Stat. 1 2 Car. II. all Tenures

The Spaniards burn it to make that light kind of black are converted into free and common Soccage. See Tenuki,

ate call Stanijb Slack, ufed by Painters. See Black. and Soccage.

CORN, a Plant, or Genus of Plants, that produce a Grain _An old Rental calls Comage, Noyitge,

fit for Bread, the ordinary Food of Man. See Bread.

Corn is alfo ufed for the Grain or Seed of that Plant, fcparated from the Spica, or Ea

q. d. Neat-gem My Lord Coke fays, in old Books it is called liorngeid.

CORNEA tunica, in Anatomy, the third Coat of the Eye ; fo call'd from its Subftance refembling the Horn of a

In the Commerce'of Corns, they only diftinguifh three Lanthorn. See Eye, Kinds, viz. Corn, properly fo called, or wheal 5 Rye, which It is fituated in the Fore-part; and is furrounded by the is a Species very differenr, and of a Quality far inferior ; White. It has a greater Convexity than the reft of the and a third kind rciulting from a Mixture of the two, and Globe of the Eye, and is compofed of feveral parallel id- called Maflin. min£, which are nourifh'd by many Blood Veffels, fo fine,

The Farmers, indeed, rank among the Number of Corns as not to hinder even the fmalleft Rays of Light from enter-

feveral of the Grains fow'd in March ; as Barley, Oats, and ing the Eye. It has a moft exquifite Senfe, to the end that

even Pulfe, as Peas, Vetches, i£c. which, however, they upon the leaft Pain, the Tears may be fqueez'd out of the

femetimes diftinguifli by the finaller Com. Maife and Sar- Lachrymal Gland, to wafti off any Filth, which, by flicking

rafin are number d among the Corns ; the firft call'd tttrky to the Cornea, might render it cloudy or dim. SeeLAcHM-

and Indian Com, the fecond French, or Hack Corn. mil; fee alfo Tear, E5?c.

Europe, in every Part of it ; Egypt, and fome other In the Memoirs of the French Academy, M. Ganiolphs

Cantons of Africa, particularly the Coatis of Sarhary ; and gives us an Inftance of Incifions defignedly made in the Cor-

fome Parts of America cultivated by the Europeans, parti- nea, to difcharge a quantity of Blood fettled there by a vio-

cularly Ncvi-England, New-France, and Acadia, are the lent Blow on the Eye, by means whereof the Sight had

Places which produce Com. Other Countries have Maife been almoft entirely extinguifti'd.

and Rice in lieu of it ; and fome Parts of America, both in The extravafated Blood, it feems, was in too great a

the Illands and Continents, fiinple Roots, fuch as Potatoes, quantity to be diffipated by Topical Medicines ; bclidcs

and Manioc. that the Procefs would have been fo tedious, that the aquc-

Egypt was antiently the moft fertile of all other Countries ous Humour would have been in danger of being quite ruin d

in Corn ; as appears both from facred and profane Hiftory : in the mean time.

It furnifh'd a good Part of the People fubject to the Roman The Cornea, therefore, was open'd by three Incilions, all

Empire, and was call'd the Dry Nurfe of Rome and Italy, made acrofs ; the Blood was difcharg'd ; the Eye bound up<

France and 'Poland feem now in the place of Egypt, and with Comprefles fteep'd in a Mixture of four Ounces ot

with their Superfluities fupport a good part of Europe. Plantain Water, and two of Vulnerary Water. In eight

For the firft 2)ifcovery and Culture of Com, Authors are Days the Eye refum'd its natural tranlparency ; and there

much divided : The common Opinion is, that in the firft remain'd no Scar after the Incifions. ,

Aces Men liv'd on the fpontaneous Fruits of the Earth ; as After the Cure, the Pupil of that Eye continued dilated

Acorns, and the Nut or Maft produced by the Beech, which, much beyond its natural Dimenfions.

they fry, took its Name Fagus from the Greek payo^i, I Cornea X;i«(P. See Lusffi Cornea.

eat. "l'is added, that they had not either the Ufe of Com, nor the Art of preparing or making it eatable.

Ceres has the Credit of being the firft that fliew'd the Ufe of Corn, on which account file was placed among the God:

called Sardoin, a precious on an Orange. Sec Preci-

CORNELIAN, otherwife Stone, ordinarily red, borderi ous Stone. „

It is but little tranfparent, cuts eafily ; and we find molt Others give the Honour to friptolemus : Others of the fine Gravings of Antiquity, whether in relievo or in- dented, on this Stone. * t