Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/483

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On the other hand, 'tis true, that in twifling the Strands, fome a re flretch'd, and others left more loofe ; and the cW Tenfion given the former, ferves to weaken 'em, and has of it felf the crfefl of a Weight : Thus they become i e fs able to fuftain one fo large. Thofe more lax, on the contrary, evade in fome meafure the Aition of the Weight. c or ' the Aflion is distributed equally on the ten fuppofedly equal Twills ; and if fome, by reafon of their particular Dif- pofition, receive lefs than their Quota, the Weight will aft Jnore forcibly on the reft, and will -break them firft, as be- j„o more tenfe ; after which it will eafily difpatch the reft, as not being in fufficicnt Number to oppofe it.

This is the Sum of what can be urg'd for and againft the twitting- To decide between 'em M. Reaumur had recourfe to Experiment. The Refult was, that contrary to all Ex- pectation, he ftill found the twifling diminifh'd the Force of She R°P e : whence it is eafily infer'd, that it diminifhes it the more, as the Rope is the thicker : For inafmuch as the twitting diminifhes ; the more Twifling the more Dimi- nution.

fhe Rejiflancc or FriBion of the Cordage is very confi- derable ; and by all means to be confider'd in calculating the Force of Machines. M. Amontons obferves, in the French Memoirs, that a Rope is fo much the more difficult to bend, firft, as it is fiiffer, and more flretch'd by the Weight it draws. 2d, As it is thicker ; and, 3d, as it is to be more bent ; i. e. as it is to be roll'd, for inftance, into a (mailer Gyre.

The fame Author has thought of ways to prove in what proportion thefe different Refiftances increafe : That arifing from the Stiffhefs or Rigidity occafion'd by the Weight which draws the Rope, incrcafes in proportion to the Weight; and that arifing from its thicknefs in proportion to their Dia- meter. Laftly, that arifing from the fmallnefs of the Gyres, or Pullies about which it is to be wound, is indeed greater for fmaller Circumferences than great ones, but does not in- creafe fo much as in the Proportion of thofc Circumferences.

On this footing, the Lofs a Machine fuftains by the Cord- age being eflimated in Pounds ; becomes, as it were, a new Weight, added to that which the Machine is to raife. This Augmentation of weight will render the Cords ftill the more Jiff: which excefs is to be computed as before.

Thus we ftiall have different Sums ftill decreafing ; which arc to be added together, as in the Article of Friction, and it will be furprizing to fee what a Sum they will amount to. See Friction.

Where Ropes are us'd in a Machine, all the Refiftancc refulting from their ftiffhefs is to be put together ; and all that occafion'd by the Friftion ; which will make fo confi- derable an Augmentation to the difficulty of the Motion, that a Power which to raife a Weight of 3000 Pound, by means of a fix'd and a moveable Pully, needed only 1500 Pound; muft, according to M. Amontons have 3042 Pounds, on account of the Friflions, and the Refiftance of the Cor- Ugc. See Resistance.

CORDED, in Heraldry. A Crofs corded, fome Authors tale for a Crofs wound or wrench'd about with Cords : Tho others, with more probability, take it for a Crofs made of Quality of the Leaves ; others from"

and *WW, hominum, becaufe it is fupposTto wea'kenThe

CORDELIER, a Fraud/can, or Religious of the Order or S.Francis. See Franciscan.

The Cordeliers are cloth'd in thick grey Cloth, with a little Cowl, a Chaperon, and Cloke of the fame ; having a Girdle of Rope or Cord, tied with thtee Knots, whence the Name. See Cord.

The Cordeliers are otherwifc called Minor Friers, their original Name. The Name Cordelier is faid to have been toft given 'em in the War of S. Louis againft the Infidels ; wherein the Friers Minor having repuls'd the Sarbarians, ™ that King having enquir'd their Name ; it was anfwer'd they were People corde liez, ried with Ropes.

The Cordeliers are, to a Man, profefs'd Scotifls. See Sco-

TIST.

CORDIAL, Cardiac, in Medicine, a comfortative or re- trelhing Remedy, that gives a fudden Strength and Chear-

tolnefs ,0 the Spirits, '

by railing them when deprefs'd by too Confcquence of fome Difeafe, or the

much Exercife, the "ke Caufe.

Cordials aft by giving a Springinefs and Force to the Fi- riTV" 11 by l " ome of tneir fine Partic| es direflly enrering °.e fubuli, or Pores of the Nerves and fine Vcffcls, and fo mixing direftly with the Fluids.

wh a r °" e of the Panicles of tna s P irit ° r Lavender, en dropt into Sugar and taken, are fuppos'd to enter the r the Palate direct. ly. Spirituous Liquors, as Bran-

J< ynnamon Water, &c. are fuppos'd alfo to aft imme-

{ ]j- r 1 -• ., v_, v. iaiu j.u|jjj«j 1.1 anu iu au lining-

the c °" c > but e( P eciall y on 'he nervous Coat of

] atio ^ toraiicn. and not by the common Current of rhe Circu- Cordj I which means they often prove an immediate

J>uid" ^', n ! in R s ' wh ere the Circulation of the Blood is Ian- 6 ' 6 -" Volatile Oleofum, or Spirit of Harrfhorn dropt in

rfi^ ffiMb f n \ ™ mediate, 1 J y ' °, ccafion «' Contraffiofi ot the tibnll£, the aft by its co dnefi anJ ►!,» c a u

tering the fmal. Vefle.s; and thus tty \SL y l™& To

Circulation, or in other Words, prove ] Cordial ifoffi inal

RoTeltl %& four Cordml Fiowers are *™s<> «W*

The four Cordial Waters are thofe of Sorrage, BngtoCs Endwt -and Cheery ; fome add thofe of CardmisSenfdic- tus and Scorzonera, Scahofa, Sorrel, &c.

CORDON, in Fortification, a row of Stones iuttinz out between the Rampart and the Bafis of the Parapet.

Fhe Cordon ranges round the whole Fortrcfs ; and ferves to join the Rampart, which is aflope, and the Parapet, which is perpendicular, more agreeably together.

In Fortifications rais'd of Earrh, this Space is fill'd up with pointed Stakes inftead of a Cordon.

CORDWAINERS, or CORDINERS, the Term where- by the Statutes denominate Shoe-makers ; from the French Cordonmer, which Menage derives from Cordouan, a kind of feather brought from Cordoua, whereof they formerly made the Upper-leathers of their Shoes.

Others derive it from Corde, Rope, becaufe antiently Shoes were made of Cords; as they ftill are in fome Parts of Spam, under the Name of Alpargates, vaft Quantities whereof they expott to America.

But the former Etymology is better warranted : for, in oT'm/T J Workmen who prepare the Cordelia's are ftill call d Cordonanmers.

In Vans they have two pious Societies, under the Titles ot treres Cordonmers, Brothers Shoemakers ; eftablifh'd by Authority towards the middle of the XVIIrh Century 5 the one under the Proteffion of S. Cnfpin, the other of s! Crifpiamis two .Saints who had formerly honour'd rhe Prc-

Tka. The y' ,ve, ln Community, and under fix'd Sratutes and Officers ; by which they are direfled both in their fpiri- rual and fecular Concerns.

The Produce of their Shoes goes into a common Stock, to turmlh Neceflaries for their fupport ; the reft to be dif- tnbuted among the Poor.

Sennet Saudouin, a Native of Amiens, the Son of a Cord- ■wamer, and himfelf a Workman in his Father's Shop, has among other learned Works publifh'd a Treatife de Caloeo antique S? myftico, to do honour, as he himfelf owns, to his antient Trade. John Batti(la Gallo, a Shoemaker of Flo- rence, has given fome fine Pieces in the Italian Language 5 and among others, Dialogues in Imitation of Luoian.

CORIANDER, the Seed of a Plant of the lame Name. See Seed.

Both the Tafte and Smell of the Seed is very agreeable; yet both in the Plant extremely naufeous. Befides the Con- fections made of the Coriander-Seed, it is of ufe in Medi- cine as a Carminative, and a Corrective to fome forts of Ca- rharticks. It is much us'd by the Brewers both in England and Holland, to give a Flavour to their ftrongeft Beer. The Antient! : had a Notion that the Juice of Coriander would deprive People of their Senfes, and even of Life.

Some derive the Word from mot, on account of the ftinking xoe», apple of the Eye,

■■.'.,V. I- .1' .:...-■ ' ' ''

Sight.

CORINTHIAN Order, the fourth, or as Scamozzi, and M. le Clerc make it the fifth and laft of the Orders of Ar- chiteflure ; being the nobleft, richeft, and moft delicate of all others. See Order.

The Invention of this Order moft of the Moderns, after Vitruvius, afcribe to Callimachus a Corinthian Sculptor, who' paffing by the Tomb of a young Lady, over which her Nurfe had placed a Bafket with fome of her Play-things, and cover'd it up from the Weather with a Tile ; the whole having been plac'd on a Root of Acanthus ; as it fprung up, the Branches encompafs'd the Bafket, and bending down atop under the Corners of the Tile, form'd a kind of Vo- lutes.

Hence Callimachus took his hint : The Bafket he imita- ted in the Vafe of his Column ; the Leaves in the Volutes; and the Tile in the Abacus of his Order. See Abacus, A-

CANTHTJS, &C

Villalpandus rreats this Story of Callimachus as a Fable ; and will have the Corinthian Capital to have taken its Ori- gin from an Order in Solomon's Temple, the Leaves where- of were thofe of the Palm-Tree. See Leaves.

The Corinthian Order has feveral Charaflers whereby it is diftingui/h'd from the reft : Its Capital is adorn 'd with two Rows of Leaves, between which rife little Stalks, or Caulicoles, whereof the Volutes are form'd, which fupport the Abacus, and which are in Number 1 6.

It has no Ovolo, nor even Abacus properly fpeaking ; for the Member which goes by rhat Name is quite different from the Abacus in the othet Orders, being cut with a Sweep, in the middle of which is carved a Role, or other Orna- ment. See Capital, Volute, Abacus, Caulicole, ££c.

1 Vitruvius