Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/481

 COR

rr],e Word comes from the Latin Copia, which was ufed f i- the fa" 16 thing.

Cop" is a "° u( " ec ' ^"' a Tranfcript of a Writing or Inftru-

t m ade for the Ufe and Satisfaction of fomc of the

ftrtie's concern'd ; or in order to preferve the Memory

Such' a Copy was taken from the Original ; has been col- I K i with the Original. Antient Titles do now few of 'em fubfift otherwife than in Copies.

C op y is alfo ufed for an Imitation of any original Work ; articularlv a Painting, Draught, Figure, pc. See Original. ^' Hmong Printers, Copy is the Manufcripr, or Original of a Book given them to print from. In this Senfe, they fay, The Prefs Hands ftill for want of Copy : Such an Author's Copy iS g °di '■ e - ^ r > legible, orderly, &c. and fuch ano- ther's, otherwife. In the Bookfellers Language, a good

Copy is that which produces a.faleable Book.- To caft off

a CopV, i s t0 raa k e a Computation of the Number of sheets a Manufcript will make in print.

COPY-HOLD, is a Tenure for which the Tenant has no- thing to (hew but the Copy of the Roll made by the Stew- ard of the Lord's Court. See Tenure.

The Steward of the Court is, among other Things, to enroll and keep a Regifter of all fuch Tenants as are ad- mitted to any Parcel of Land, or Tenement belonging to the Manor ; and the Tranfcript is called the Co]iy of the Court Roll, which the Tenant keeps as his own Evidence. gee Roll.

This Tenure is called a bafe Tenure, becaufe the Tenant holds at the Will of the Lord. Fitzherbert fays, it was formerly called Tenure in Villcnage ; and that Copy-hold is hut a modern Name.

However, it is not limply at the Lord's Will, but accord- ing to the Cuftom of the Manor ; fo that if the Copy-holder doth not break that Cuflom, and forfeit his Tenure, he feems not to ftand at the Lord's Courtefy.

Thefe Cuttoms are infinite ; varying in one Point or other almoft in every Manor. See Custom, and Manor.

Copy-holders upon admittance pay a Pine to the Lord ; which Fines are in fome Manors certain, in others not ; but yet, if the Lord exceeds two Tears Value, the Court of Chancery, King's-Bench, Sfc. have, in their feveral Jurif- dichons, Power to reduce the Fine. See Fine.

In many Places the Copy holds are a kind of Inheritance, and term'd Cuftomary, becaufe the Tenant dying, and the Hold becoming void, the next of Blood paying the cufto- mary Fine, as two Shillings an Acre, or the like, may not be denied his Admiffion.

Some Copy-holders have by Cuflom the Wood growing upon their own Land ; fome, again, hold by the Verge in antient Demcfnc, fo that tho they hold by Copy, they are yet accounted a kind of Free-holders : Laftly, fome others hold by common Tenure, called mere Copy-hold ; whofe Land, upon Felony committed, efcheats to the Lord of the Manor.

This is the Land which the Saxons called Folkland, as being held fine fcripto ; in contradiftincKon to Sockland, or Charter-Land, Terra ex fcripto, and now Free-Land, See Charter-Land, and Free-hold.

COPY-HOLDER, is defined by Weft to be a Petfon ad- mitted Tenant of any Lands or Tenements within, a Manor, which, Time out of Mind, by the TJfe and Cuftom thereof, have been demifible to fuch as will take the fame by Copy of Court Roll, according to the Cuftom of the faid Manor. _ COQ^ ad Med. Confmnpt. an Abbreviature among Phyfi- cians, fignifying that the Thing is to be boii'd till half of it

be confum'd. Cca. in S. S^- rfq- implies it to be boii'd in

a furncient Quantity of Water.

COR, in Anatomy. See Heart.

_ Cor Bydne, in Aftronomy, a Star of the fecond Mag- nitude, in the Heart of the Conftellation Hydra ; the 12th 111 Order in Ttolcmy's Catalogue 5 the nth in Tycho's 5 and the 2,-ih in the 'Britannic. Sec Star.

its Longitude is =2° 57' 59". its Latitude 22° 24' 32" s °uth. See Hydra.

Cor Leouis, or Reguhis, a Fi-x'd Star of the firft Magni- ™-', in the Conftellation Leo. See Leo.

Cor Caroli, in Aftronomy, an extra-conftcllated Star in 'he Northern Hemifphere, fituated between the Coma Sere- <»m and Urfa Major ; fo caii'd by Dr. Hally in honour of

n S Charles. See Star, and Constellation.

COR.ACOBRACH1AUS, a Mufcle which arifeth from ™e /Prccejjiis Coracoides of the Scapula, by a tendinous "''ginning ; and pairing over the Articulation of the Piiime- ^" 1. is inferred into the middle and internal Part of that "one, and with the Seltoides and Supra-fpinatus, lifts the

rm upwards ; and alone, obliquely outwards.

^ARACOHTOIDEUS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle which

ath its Origin fro.m the 'Proceffi's Caracoides of the Omo-

of b ' ° r mi ^ a ' according to Keil, from the upper Edge

tne Scapula, near its Neck ; whence amending obliquely

C 3 2 5 )

COR

under the MaftoidSus, it is inferred into the Os ffyoides ■ which it ferves to pull obliquely downwards. See Hyoides '

It is alfo called 'Digaftricus, as having two Bellies at its two Extremities, and a Tendon in the middle, to ?ive room for the Paffage of the Carotid and inner Jugular Artery. See Digastric.

The Word is form'd from Caracoides and Hyoides the two Parts.

CARACOIDES, in Anatomy, a Procefs, fo caii'd from its refembling a Crow's Bill. See Process.

The Caracoides is plac'd in the upper Part of the Neck, and projefls over the Head of the Bone of the Arm.

It ferves to ftrengthen the Articulation of the Shoulder 3 and gives Origin to one of the Mufcles of the Arm.

The Word comes from the Greek ««£??, «%:it©-, corvuSi and «=P©-, imago.

CORAL, in Natural Hiftory, a Produflion of the Sea, rank'd among the Number of Marine Plants. See Plant.

This Opinion, which we received from the Antients, is now fo well eftablifh'd, that all other Sentiments feem pre- cluded. •?. Kircher, that learned Naturalift, fupoofes en- tire Forefts of it, at the bottom of the Sea; and U.Tourne- fort, that able Botanift, maintains that it evidently multi- plies by Seed ; tho neither its Flower nor Grain be known. However, the Count de Marfigli has difcover'd fome Parts therein which feem to ferve the Purpofe of Grains and Flowers. See Seed, &g.

Coral, then, being eftablifh'd a Plant, has, in that Qua- lity, Roots, wherewith it is faften'd to the Rock whereon it grows : thefe Roots are cover'd with a Hark, fet with ftarry Pores, which traverfe 'em from top to bottom. Above the Roots is the ligneous or ivoody Part of the Plant, if we may fo call a Matter that rather feems to refemble Stone than Wood. It is divided into Branches like other Plants ; hav- ing white Streaks therein, which feem to reprefent a kind of Fibres. The Extremities of the Plant are foft, and rounded into little Bowls, ordinarily divided into fix Cells, fill'd with a Humour fomewhat like Milk, fatty, fliarp, and aflringent.

Laftly, that nothing may be wanting to conftitute a real Tree, thefe Bowls are efteem'd a kind" of Pods, or Capfule^ containing the Seed of the Coral. 'T:s even faid, that in what Place, or on what Matter foever this Juice be Ihed, it carries Fecundity with it, and produces a Plant of Coral : whence it is, that in the Cabinets of the Curious, we find fome of it on dead Mens Skulls, Pieces of Earthen Ware, and other Kinds of folid Bodies, which Chance and the working of the Sea have thrown into fome of F. Kircber's Forefls.

Coral, M. le Comte de Marfigli obferves, grows chiefly in Grottos, whofe Mouth or Aperture is towards the South, and the Vault, or concave Arch nearly parallel to the Surface of the Earth. For its Growth, 'tis neceflary the Sea be as quiet as a Pond : It vegetates the contrary way to ail other Plants ; its Foot adhering to the top of the Grotto, and its Branches extending downwards. The Foot takes the exact form of the Solid it grows to, and even covers it, like a Plate, to a certain extent ; which M. de Marfigli thinks a Proof that its Subftance was originally fluid : And what confirms the Thought, is, that the fame Subftance fliall fometimes line the infide of a Shell, which it could never enter but in form of a Fluid.

Upon a nice Examen of the feveral Parts of Coral, M. de Marfigli gathers, that all its Organifm, with regard to Ve- getation, confifts in its Bark, or Surface ; that the Tubules of the Bark filtrate a Juice which fills the Cellules, and runs along the Canals as far as the Extremities of the Bran- ches 5 and that this Juice being petrify 'd, both in the Cells encompaffing the Coralline Subflance, and in thofe of the Extremes of the Branches whofe Subftance is not yet form'd, makes the Plant grow both in height and bilk. See Vege- tation, £5?c.

The Antients believ'd that Coral was foft while it conti- nu'd in the bottom of the Water j and that it only became hard and folid by the Impreflion of the Air. But the Mo- derns are convine'd of the contrary from Experience ; and know that there was more of Imagination than Truth in the Name Gorgomnm, which they gave it to ibew that Me* dujd's Head did not convert Objects into Stone, more furely than Coral was converted as foon as it appear'd in the Air.

There are, properly, but three Kinds of Coral, red, ixbitii and black : The white is the rareft and moll efteem'd ; but 'tis the red is ordinarily ufed in Medicine. It mull be cho- fen thick, fmooth, and fhining, and of a beautiful red, not cover'd with any tartareous Mattel.

There is a kind of white Coral piere'd fuii of holes, and a black Coral, named Antipathes ; appearing of a different Nature from the reft : but thefe are of no ufe.

The Chymifts draw a magifterial Tincture from Coralj and a Salt,

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