Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/480

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gva AraVwa, cccetto I'Evangelio S? akmie nitre cofe che fof- gliano levgere nella lingua Copta ££ Araba.

COPIA Libelli deliberandi, a Writ which lies in Cafe where a Man cannot get the Copy of a Libel at the Hands of the Ecdefiaftical Judge.

COP1ATE, under the Weftcrn Em; ire, a Grave-digger. In the firft Ages of the Church, there were Clerks def- tin'd for this Employment. In 357, Conflantine made a Law in favour of the Priefts Copiates, i.e. of thofe who had the Care of Interrment ; whereby he exempts 'em from the Luftral Contribution which all other Traders paid.

It was under him that they firft began to be called Co- piates (] d. Clerks deftin'd for bodily labour, from mtt©-, of Wfo feindo, c<edo, fcrio. Before that Time they were called Jjecani and I.eBicarii ; perhaps, becaufe they were divided by Decads or Tens, each whereof had a Bier or Lime for the Carriage of the dead Bodies. See Decanus, and Lecticarius.

Their Place among the Clerks, was the next in order before the Chantors.

COPING of a Well, the Top or Cover of a Wall, made Hoping to carry off the wet. Sec Wall.

Coping over, in Carpentry, a fort of hanging over, not fquare to its upright, but bevelling on its under Side till it end in an Edge.

COPIVI, CAPIVI, COPAYBA or CUPAYBA, a Balm or Ball'am, oozing out of Incifions made in a Tree of Srafil; not taken notice of but by very late Writers ; at leaft, not under this Name. See Balm.

It is of a thinner Confidence than common Turpentine, but much more fragrant and deterfive. It is extremely uick in paffing off by Urine, and mightily cleanfefh thofe Jaffages ; by which it has obrain'd very much in Gonor- rheas, Seminal Weakncffes, the Whites, and all Obftruc- tions, and Ulcerations of thofe Parts. It is likewife a pow- erful Balfamick, and good in many Diftempers of the Breaft, efpecially Catarrhs, tickling Coughs, fpitting of Blood, ($& In Dyfemeries and Diarrheas of long continuance, where the Mucus that lines the Inteftines is, by the Acrimony of the Humours abraded, it is of great fervice in fupplying its Place by its balfamick quality. It mixes intimately with the Yolk of an Egg.

The Jews ufe it to flop the Flux of Blood after Circum- cifion.

COPPEL, COPEL, or CUPPEL, call'd alfo fcji, a Vef- fel ufed by Refiners and Efiayifts, to try and purify their Metals.

The Coppel of Effay, is a little fiat Veffel, compos'd of Vine Afhes, and Bones of Sheeps Feet, calcin'd and lixi- viated, to feparate the Salts, which would otherwife make it crackle. At the bottom of the Veflel is a little Cavity fill'd with a kind of white Varnifh, compos'd of Hartfhorn or of Bones of Pike, calcin'd and diluted in Water : the Ufe of this Liquor is, that the Gold or Silver to be eflay'd may be more conveniently lodg'd, and that the Button ot the Effay may be feparated the more eafily. See Essay.

Note, Tho Metals may be tried otherwile than by Cop- feling : and tho th'e Touchllone, Graver, l£c. are of fome fervice to the Goldfmith in judging of their Purity ; yet, 'tis certain, without the Coppel 'tis difficult, not to fay impoffible, to know their precife degree of Purity.

T'he Refiner's Coppel, is a large Free-ftone Veffel, lined Withihfide with a kind of Platter made of Afhes well lixi- viated, cleans'd, dry'd, beaten and fitted.

In this Kind of Coppel it is that the Refiners purify their Gold and Silver, by adding Lead to it, and expofing the whole to a violent Fire. See Refining.

COPPER, a hard, dry, heavy, ductile Metal; found in Mines, in feveral Parts of Europe, but moft abundantly in Sweden. See Metal.

Copper is of all Metals the mod ductile and malleable af- ter Gold and Silver 5 and abounds much in Vitriol and Sul- phur. See Vitriol, $£g.

TheChymifls call it Venus; as fuppofing it to have fome more immediate Relation to that Planet. See Venus.

By an Analyfis it appears compos'd of a Sulphur ill di- gefted, a yellowi{h Mercury, and a red Salt.

'Tis found both in Dull: and in Stones, each of which are firft well wafh'd, to feparate 'em from the Earth wherewith they are mix'd. In this State 'tis call'd Virgin Copper.

After wafhiog 'tis melted, and the melted Matter run into a kind of Molds, to form large Blocks, by fome call'd Sal- mons, and by others 'Pigs of Coffer. This is the ordinary Copper.

To render it more pure and beautiful, they melt it again once or twice 5 fome of its coarfe earthy Parts being left at each Fufion, and a Quantity of Tin and Antimony added in each. In this State 'tis call'd Rofe Coffer, in Latin JEs 'Pelofum.

Of a Mixture of this and Lapis Calaminaris, is form'd Brafs, which the French call yellow Copfer, in contradiftinction to Natural Coffer, which they call red Coffer. See Brass.

Coffer melted together with 22 or 23 Pounds of fi n. y - per Quintal, makes Bell Metal. See Bell Metal.

Copper melted with Calamine, quantity for quantit makes Brafs. See Calamine. ' >'•

Copper and Brafs melted in equal Quantities, make what the French call Bronze, ufed lor Figures, Statues, gc. s ce

FoUNDERY.

Copper turns white by an Unction of Spirit of Wine and Orpiment. 'Pliny fays there is a Copper naturally w „j te found underneath the Silver Mines.

'the Ufe of Copper is very extenfive : Among other Works of Cop>per may be reckon'd thofe of Brafs, Bell M e. tal, Pot Metal, (go. which are all Compofitions where Cop- per makes the prevailing Ingredient.

The Chymifts call Saffron of Copper, or Crocus veneris a Preparation of Coffer Plates ftratify'd with decrepitated Salt, in a Crucible ; after having extinguifh'd 'em in Wa- ter, and fcrap'd 'em with Iron Brulties. This Saffron is very red, and is ufed in Emplaiiters to mundify Wounds and Ulcers. See Crocus.

Some Chymifts have pretended that the Spirit of Venus was a real Alkaheft, capable of diflblving wholly Pearls, Co- rals, Crabs Eyes, &c. without any Diminution of its force • but Experience has fhewn the contrary. See Alcahest. ' The Calx of Brafs, called JEs UftuKl, and fometimes alfo Saffron of Venus, is nothing but Copfer calcin'd in a violent Fire. See Ms Ustum.

Verdigreafe is a Ruit of Coffer. See Verihgrease. M. Secher obferves, tha t the drinking of acid Liquors, even out of common Silver Plate, is very unwholefom, by reaion of the Mixture of Coffer therein ; much more out of Veffelsof Copper.

The Indian Phyficians are faid to fet a great Value on Talc and yellow Copper ; which, they fay, confumes the molt vifcid Humours, and removes the moft obfiinate Ob- ft ructions.

COPPERAS, or COPERAS, a Mineral, form'd in Cop- per-Mines, and which is properly a Kind of Vitriol. See Vitriol.

Copperas is purify 'd and prepar'd in the fame mannet as Allum and Salt-petre, by patting thro' feveral Lixiviums, till it be wholly reduced to Cryltal. See Salt.

Some make Copperas to be the Chalcitis of the Antients. See Chalcitis.

But the more common Opinion is, that 'tis rather a Cal- canthum, or Vitriol. See Calcanthum.

There is Copperas of England, oCPifa, Germany, Cyprus, Hungary, and Italy, which only differ from each other in Co- lour and Perfection ; being all the fame Mineral.

White Copperas, is the Copperas of Germany, calcin'd, laid in Water, thence filtrated, and reduced to Salt 5 where- of, as it coagulates, they form Cakes of 40 or 50 Pound each: fuch are thofe brought from Goflelar in Saxony. This Saxon Copperas, ere it be whiten'd, is of a bluifh green, clear and tranfparent.

The Englifb Copperas is of a fine green ; that of Cyprus and Hungary a fky-blue, in Pieces cut like the Point of a Diamond. That of Tifa and Italy is likewife green ; and the lalt as tranfparent as Glafs.

Copperas is of considerable ufe in many Preparations ; but efpecially in Dying. The Hatters alfo ufe it in their dye; and this and Galls are the Ingredients that compofe writing Ink. See Ink, &c.

The ordinary Etiglijh Cofperas is made of a Kind of Stones found on the Sea-fhore in EJJ'ex, Hampjhire, and fo Weftward, ordinarily called Gold Stones, from their Colour: they abound much with Iron.

To prepare the Copperas from them, they are laid in Heaps or Beds under ground. In procefs of Time they fweli and ferment ; and, by degrees, a Humour dillils out, which draining into a Ciltern, and afterwards boil'd, in the boiling flioots into thofe Cryltal- we fee it in.

The Wotks at 2>eftford for making it, arc known to moll People.

Many Chymifts diffolve this, and fhoot it again for the common Salt of Steel.

COPPICE, or COPSE, a little Wood, confiding of Un- dcr-woods ; and may be rais'd both by lowing and planting. See Wood.

COPULA, in Logick, a Verb that commas any two Terms in a Propofition, either Negative or Affirmative : As> A Rofe is fivcet ; where is is the Cofula.

COPULATION. See Coition. , ,

COPULATIVE 'Proportions, are thofe which include feveral Sub;ects, or feveral Attributes join'd together by a affirmative or negative Conjunction. See Conjunction.

Thus, v.g. Tower and Riches don't make a AUnbapn- WhcKand is the Conjunftion that couples'?o:rer and Ricb*>- Conjunction Copulative. See Conjunction. COPY, a Minute, Draught, or firft Defign of an Initru- ment, to be afterwards put into form.

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