Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/472

 CON

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CON

the Tower 5 the King fhall the Certificate, and will them

there, or likely to be i fend to the Juttices, repeat to continue the Affile.

CONTINUANDO, in Law, a Term tiled wherea llain- tiff would recover Damages for feveral Trefpaflcs in the fame Action. ..

For, to avoid multiplicity of Suits, a Man may in one Ac- tion of Trcfpafs recover Damages tor forty or more irel- paffes ; laying the firft to be done, with a Continuance to the whole Time wherein the reft of the Trefpaflcs were done ; which is done in this form, Continnando trail jgreffto- ncm prtditlam, &c. a prtediSo die, &c. vfque, ckc.

CONTINUED Qjiantity.-) SceCoNTINBuM, a nd CON- CONTINUED "Body, &C. 5 TINUITY. ..

Continued Fever, is fuch an one as does not intermit, or go intirely off, and return again, by Fits. See Fever.

A continued Fever, may be defined the Continuance of an increas'd Velocity in the Circulation of the Blood, beyond what is natural to the Conftituiion.

If this Velocity often decrcafes, and riles again to the fame height, it is called a Continued periodical Fever.

And if it intirely ceafe in the Space of a Day, or two, it is-tall'd to Ephemeris. See Ephemeris.

A Continued Fever, then, may remit, or abate and in- creafe again, alternately ; but not intermit, which would conftitute it an intermitting Fever, or Ague. See Remit- ting, and Intermitting Fever.

Continued, or Thorough Safs, in Mufick, is that which continues to play, conflantly ; both during the Recitatives, and to fuftain the Choir, or Chorus. See Bass.

Continued 'Proportion, in Arithmetick, is that wherein the Confequent of the firft Ratio is the fame with the An- tecedent of the fecond; as, 3 : 6 : : 6 : 12. See Proportion. On the contrarv, if the Confequent of the firft Ratio be different from the' Antecedent of the fecond, the Proportion is laid to be difcrete ; as, 3 : 6 : : 4. : 8. See Discrete.

CONTINUITY, is ufually defined among the Schoolmen, the immediate Cohefion of Parts in the fame Quantum. Others define it a Mode of Body, whereby its Extremes be- come one. And others, a State of Body rcfulting from the mutual Implication of its Parts. See Part.

There are two Kinds of Continuity, Mathematical, and 'Phyfioal : The firlt is merely imaginary, and fief itious ; fince it fuppofes real or phyfical Parts where there are none. ■Thyfical Continuity, is, ftricf ly, that State of two or more Parts, or Particles, whereby they appear to adhere, or con- ftitute one uninterrupted Quantity, or Continuum ; or be- tween which we perceive no intermediate Space. See Con- tinuum.

The Schoolmen diftinguifh two other forts of Continuity, viz. homogeneous and heterogeneous. The firft, where our Senfes do not perceive the Bounds, or Extremes of the Parts ; and this agrees even to Air, Water, iSc. The fecond, where our Senfes do indeed perceive the Extremes of certain Parts, yet at the fame time obferve the fame Parts clofely link'd to each other ; either in virtue of their Situation or Figure, S?c. and this is chiefly attributed to the Bodies of Animals and Plants.

The Continuity of Bodies, is a State merely relative to our fight and touch : e.gr. if the diftance of two feparate Objects be fuch, as that the vifual Angle they fubtend is in- fenfible to the Eye, which it will if lefs than id Seconds ; the two feparate Bodies will appear contiguous.

Now, the Refult of feveral contiguous Objects is a Conti- nuity ; fo that any Number of vifible Objecfs, being plac'd fo as that their Dittances fubtend an Angle of lefs than 16 Seconds, they will appear to form one Continuum.

And hence, as we can determine the Diftance at which any given Magnitude becomes invifible ; 'tis cafy finding at what diitance any two Bodies, however remote from each other, will appear as contiguous ; and feveral, as forming one Continuum. See Contiguous.

For the 'Phyfical Caufe of Continuity, or Cohefion. See Cohesion.

CONTINUUM, or Continued Quantity, in Phyficks, a Quantity or Coextenfion, whofe Parts are not divided, but join'd and connected together ; fo as to leave no room to de- termine where one begins and another ends. See Continuity. 'Tis controverted among Philofophers, whether a Conti- nuum be infinitely divifihle, i. c. diviiible into infinite pro- portionable Parts. See Divisibility.

Mathematicians divide Quantity into continued and dif- crete. See Quantity.

Continued Quantity is that exprefs'd by Lines, and makes

critical Senfe, we fay, there i. Connection between the Parts of a Dif

e a Couti,„, lt

In the Epop<ea, particularly, the ABion fhculd hav Continuity in the Natration ; tho the Events or Incidents '! * not continued. As foon as ever the Poet has open'd his S 1° jeift, and brought his Perfons on the Stage, the Action j s be continu'd to the End : Every Character mult be at work" and no fuch thing as an idle Pcrfon to be feeii. See Actio '

F. Soffu obfetves, that by retrenching dull languilhins bj° cidents, and Intervals void of Action, which break the Co/ tinuity, the Poem acquires a continu'd Force, which make" it run equally throughout.

The Antients attributed the Rife of Water in Pumps t0 the love of Continuity, and the Abhorrence of a Vacuum ■ in regard the Weight and Preffure of the Air was not then known.

the Subject of 'Geometry. See Line, and Geometry.

Difcrete Quantities, are thofe exprefs'd by Numbers, which make the Subject: of Arithmetick. See Discrete ; fee alfo Number.

In Medicine and Cbirurgery, Wounds, Ulcers, Fractures, (Sc. are exprefs'd by the Word Solutio Continui, or Solution of Continuity. See Solutio.

CONTOBABDITES, a Sect of Hereticks in the Vlth Century.

Their firft Leader was Scverus of Antioch, who was f uc _ cceded by John the Grammarian, firnam'd Philoponus and one Theodofius ; whence their Followers were called Agnoctes and Theodofians. See Agnoetes.

Part of them, who were willing to receive a Book com- pos'd by Theodofius on the Trinity, made a feparate Body and were called Contobabdites, from I know not what Place* which Nicephorus does not mention, but which muft appal rently have been the Place where they held their Affemblics. The Contobabdites allow'd of no Bifhops 5 which is the only Circumftance that Hiftorian gives us of them.

CONTORSION, the Aaion of twitting, or wrefting a Member of the Body out of its natural Situation.

Thus, we fee Rope-Dancers accuttom themfelves to Cm- torfions of their Limbs from their Youth, to render the Fi- bres of their Articulations lax, and fupple to all Kinds of Poftutes. See Posture.

Contorsion is alfo ufed paflively for the State of a Thing, v. g. of a Member that is awry.

The Contorfion of the Neck, is occafion'd, according to Nucke, by the Relaxation, or Paralyfis of one of the Maf- toidal Mufcles : for hence it happens, that its Antagonitt, whofe Power is now no longer balanced, contracting with its proper Force, draws the Head towards its fide. See Palsy. He adds, that this Diforder cannot be remedied too fpee- dily ; and prefcribes from the beginning, Liniments capable of relaxing and foftening the Fibres ; to be ufed, not only to the Mufcle in Contraction, but alfo and principally to the te- lax'd patalytick Mufcle, which is the Seat of the Diforder.

CONTOUR, the Outline, or that which terminates and defines a Figure. See Figure.

A great Part of the Skill of the Painter confifts in mana- ging the Contours well. See Painting.

The Contour of a Figure, makes what we call the Draught, or Defign. See Design.

The Contour of a Face, the Italian Painters ordinarily call the Lineameizts thereof.

CONTOURNE, in Heraldry, is ufed when a Beaft is ftanding or running with its Face to the Sinifter-fide of the Efcutcheon : they being always fuppofed to took to the Dexter-fide, unlefs it be otherwife exprefs'd.

CONTOURNIATED, a Term ufed among Antiquaries for a kind of Medallions, ftruck with a certain hollownefs all around, which leaves a Circle on each fide; and with Fi- gures that have fcarce any Relievo, in comparifon with the true Medallions. See Medallion.

They have theit Name from their Edges, which appear as if turned in the Lathe.

All we have remaining of thefe contoumiated Medals feem to have been made about the fame time. F. Hardomn conjectures them to have been ftruck about the XHIth Cen- tury : other Antiquaries go back as far as the Vth.

The Manner of the Work feems to have had its Origin in Greece ; and to have been appropriated to honour the Me- mories of great Men : principally, thofe who had bore away the Prize at the Solemn Games: Such are thofe remaining of Homer, Solon, Euclid, 'Pythagoras, Socrates, Apollon'w Thyaneus, and feveral Athlete, whofe Victories are exprefs'o by Palms and Chariots, either t Bi%£ or Qiiadrigee.

CONTRABAND, or CONTRABANDED Commodity, in Commerce, a prohibited Commodity ; or a Merchandife bought or fold, imported or exported, in prejudice and con- trary to the Laws and Ordonnances of a State, or the pub- lick Prohibitions of the Prince. See Commerce, Merchan- dise, if>c.

The Word comes from the Italian Contrabando, i. e. con- trary to Edicr, or Publication of Prohibition.

Contraband Goods are not only liable to Confifcation them- felves ; but do alfo fubject thereto all other allowed .Mer- chandifes found with 'em in the fame Box, or Bale, toge- ther with the Horfes, Waggons, S$c. which conduct them to the fame. See Confiscation.

There