Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/470

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CON

Bafil is the laft in the Confular Lift, for the Year 541 By this time, the Dignity was depredated to that degree, that it was confer'd on the meaneft Perfons : Indeed, Jufii- ■nian crdeavo'jr'd to retrieve it 25 lears after, and created hterffeif Conftll, but without effeft.

From the Eliablifhment of the Republick, and the Con- sulate under L. fun. Brutus and L. Tarq. Collatinus, to the Calif-date of Bafil, '<■ '■ from the Year of Rome 2 4+ 0I * 45 » 509 Years before Jefus Chrift ; to the Year of Rome izo;, the Space of 1049 the Years were accounted by the Confuh : But from the Time of Bafil, in the Year of Chrift 540, we find no mention made of Confilh or Confulatcs ; but the Time was computed by the Years of the Emperors Reigns, and the Indiftions.

Indeed, for Ibtne time after the Confulate of Bafil, the Years are'mark'd thus; 'Pcft confiilatum Bajitii,'i,i,$,&c. See the Fafti Confulares c'f M. d'Almeloo-ren. That Au- thor reckons 1060 Confilh, befide the fubftitute Confilh, SuffcQi, elected to fupply Vacancies by Death ; and yet there were but 1049 Years, and confequently only fo many Confulates. See Fasti.

The perpetual Confulatcs of the Eaftern Emperors, which compofe the Fafti Bizantini, commenced in the Year of Chrift 5<S7, and ended in 66%, in the laft Year afConftans.

Conflantine 'Pcgonetes would have the Cotifulate infepara- ble from the Empire ; which it continued to be till the Time of Confiantine 'Por/hyrogenetes.

In this form of Government, the Empire and Confitlate were fo clofely united, that the Emprefs Irene would needs sflume the Confulate, when Ike was only Regent of the Empire.

But the French Kings, thofe of Italy, and the Sarazea Princes who commanded in Spain, taking on 'cm the Title of Confilh, as well as Emperors of Constantinople ; thefe laft defpis'd it, and laid it afide : fo that the Name was only continu'd to the Magiftrates of fome Cities, and certain eiher Officers, as is ihewn by F. Pagi.

Under the Emperors there were Ordinary Confah, Hono- rary Confilh, and SuffeSi ; which laft were alfo on foot in the Time of the Republick.

In the middle Age, we find the Word Conful ufed for Comes, Count, and Proconful or Viconfu], for Vicount ; as is obferv'd by Sfelman, and M. de Marca. See Count.

Consul, at prefent, is ufed for an Officer eftablihYd by virtue of a Commiffion from the King, and other Princes, in the Ports and Factories of the Levant, on the Coafts of Africa, Barbary, Spain, and other foreign Countries of any considerable Trade ; to facilitate and difpatch Bufincfs, and protect the Merchants of the Nation. See Commerce, and Factory.

Thefe Commiffions are never granted to Perfons under the Age of ;o Years. When the Con filiate is vacant, the moft amient of the Deputies of the Nation are to difcharge the Function thereof, till the Vacancy be filled up by the King.

The Confilh are to keep up a Correfpondcnce with the Miniilers of England redding in the Courts whereon their Confulates depend. Their Bulinefs is to fupport the Com- merce, and the Intcreft of the Nation ; to difpofe of the Sums given, and the Prefents made to the Lords and Prin- cipals of Places ; to ohtain their Protection, and prevent the Infults of the Natives on the Merchants of the Nation. See Company.

There are Confuh of other Nations eftablilh'd in the Le- vant, efpecially French and Dutch.

Consols are alfo Judges, elected among Merchants and Dealers, in Ports and trading Towns chiefly in France ; to terminate, gratis, and on the Spot, without any Procefs, fuch Differences and Demands as mall arife relating to their Merchandizes, Bills of Exchange, and other Articles of Com- merce.

The firft Jurifdicfion of Confuh eftablifh'd in France, is that of : fbcloufe ; the Edict of whofe Eftablifhment bears d^ite 1549, under the Reign of King Henry II. that of Paris follow'd fourteen Years afterwards. By degrees, they were eftablifh'd in moft of the confiderable trading Towns in that Kingdom.

Consul, in our Law-Books, fignifies an Earl or Count, Conies. See Earl, and Count.

In the Laws of Edward the Confeffor, Cap. 2. it is ex- prefs'd, That what we now call a County, Coraitatus, was by the antient Britons nam'd Confultate, Confiiltatns ; and thofe now call'd Vicounts, Vicecomites, were then called Vke- ccnftih.

CONSULTATION, in Law, a Writ whereby a Caufe formerly removed by Prohibition from the Ecclefiaftical Court to the King's Courr, is return'd thither again.

If the Judges of the King's Court, upon comparing the Libel with the Suggestion of the Party ; find the Suggestion falfe, or not prov'd ; and thetefore the Caufe to be wrongful- ly call'd from the Court-Chriftian : Then, upon fuch Deli- beration, or Coufultaiion, they decree it to be return'd again. And the Writ obtain'd hereon is call'd a Confutation.

' Com pi

euon ot"

intimate bee Marriage, d,_

CONSUMMATION, the End, Period, any Work.

Thus, we fay, the Confummation of all Thinss ■ mr..„-

1 t-> 1 r 1 itT 1 1 ~(- f o ) "'wOUid

the End or the World, bee Conflagration. a

By the Incarnation, all the Prophets are (aid to be fummated. See Prophecy.

Confummation of a Marriage, is the laft Aft of Marrian e which makes its Accomplishment $ or the molt in Union between the married Pair. vorce, £^c.

CONSUMPTION, 7*abes, in Medicine, a Difeafe ariiW from a Defect, of Nourifhment ; or, a preternatural Decay of the Body, and particularly by a gradual wafte of mufo. lar Flefti.

It is frequently attended with an HecVic Fever j and is divided by Phyficians into feveral Kinds, according t t ] lc Variety of its Caufes ; as Univerjhl t or Scorbutic Covfnmb- tiofft where it arifes from a Cacccbymia, or Scorbutic Habit* and a 'Pulmonic Confu?nption, or Conjumpticn of the Lutm where it arifes from fome Caufe in the Lungs, properly call'd a Phthifts. See Phthisis, and Scorbutus.

A Confumption may either be Accidental, Natural, or H e. reditary : Accidental, which may arife, ill, from Ulcers Cbalky Stones, or Polypus's in the Lungs ; caufed by fo rae< ! thing that obftructs the Circulation in the Pulmonary VeiTels or renders the Blood vifcid j as a Suppreflion of any natural Evacuations. 2d, From Intemperance, occafioning either a Cacochymia, or Plethora. 3d, From Peripneumonies, Pleuri- sies, AAhma's, Coughs, Catarrhs, Diarrheas, Venereal Diforders, and Excels of Venery. 4th, From Grief, hard Study, &c.

A Natural Con fuipptibn may arife from the Straitnefs of the Thorax, or an ill Conformation of the Parts. An Here- ditary one may be communicated from the Parents, without any other viiible Caufe.

A Confumption ufually begins with flying Pains, and Stitches 5 Pain at the Pit of the Stomach, or in the Dia- phragm 5 frequent Spitting, lofs of Appetite, a quick Pulfe, a Sweetnefs or Saltnefs in the Saliva, Heat and Fluihingsin the Face and Palms of the Hands after Meals, an Hecfic Fe- ver toward the Evening, Heavinels, Faintnels, Night-Sweats; and where the Lungs are fir ft diforder'd, a Cough, Catarrh, or Afthma ufually precede it.

When thefe Symptoms are violent, 'tis confirm'd ; and then comes on an Expectoration of purulent or bloody Mat- ter, and the Vomica Pulmonum 5 at length, the Feet fwclt, the Expectoration flops, a Diarrhea comes on 5 then the Fa- des Hippocratica, and Death.

The Cure of an Univerfal, or MnfcuUtr Confumption, de- pends principally upon Removal into a proper Air, and the uiing of a regular nourishing Diet : the Appetite is to be ex- cited by proper Bitters, and other Stomachics.

In a 'Pulmonary Confumption, or Pbtbifis y Balfamicks, and oleaginous Medicines are to be added. See Phthisis.

Dr. Whi"i2*wrigbt, indeed, takes the Particles of oily Medi- cines to be too grofs and vifcid to enter the fmall Orifices of the La&eals 5 and thinks, that their Operation or Effect being confin'd to the firft Paffages, they are not only of no fervice in the Cure, but are apt to pall the Appetite, occa- sion Obftrucrionin the Mouths of the Lacleals, and Diarrheas.

But this is contrary to common Experience : That their Particles are fmall enough to enter the Lacleals, is evident from the fudden relief Nephritic Perfons find in violent Pa- roxyfms of the Stone, by the Paflages being relax'd foon af- ter their Exhibition. That Diarrheas, and blunting the Appetite, in fome Conftitutions, will be the Confequence ot their Continuance, or Exhibition in too great Quantities, muft be allow'd ; but then this is either accidental to fonw Kinds of Conftitutions, or from fome Error in ufing 'em.

As to the Lacleals being obftruited by their ufe, 'tis a mere Notion, and as much unsupported by Experience as that other Hypothecs, which a late Author, Dr. JPuiwcy, has been fond of aflerting, viz. that the Ufe of Butter is apt to foul the Glands. See Hectic.

CONTACT, the relative State of two Things that touch each other, er whofe Surfaces join to each other without any Interface.

Thus, we fay, the ContaB of two fpherical Bodies, is on- ly in one Point : and the fame holds of the Tangent and the Circle.

Hence, becaufe very few Surfaces are capable of touch- ing in all Points, and the Cohefion of Bodies is in proportion to their Contacts, thofe Bodies will flick fafleft together* which are capable of the molt ContaB. See Cohesion.

Angle of Contact, is the Angle HLM, (Tab. Geometry, Fig. 43.) form'd by the Arch of a Circle ML, with the Tangent HL, at the place of their ContaB.

Euclid demonftrates, that the right Line I L, Sanding per- pendicularly on the Radius C L, cuts the Circle only in one Point : Nor can there be any Other right Line drawn be- tween the Tangent and the Circle.

Henee,