Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/463

 CON ( qo 7 ) CON

Conjugation, in Anatomy, is underflood of a -Pair of Conjunctions Couclnfive, de

Jfetves ; or two Nerves, arifing together, and ferving for the f^wfu^Zl^m^^^U^^T*- ^T ' ^ fame Operation, Senfarion, or Motion, there being fcarce VLt LZf"' l*?^^ L T. **""> "i"' ' "f ">»> ny Nerve without its fellow. See Nerve.

The antient Phyfici'ans only knew of Seven Pairs, or Con- jugations of Nerves ; the Moderns have difcover'd thirty new ones. See Pair.

CONJUNCTION, in Aflroncmy, the Concourfe, or Coi- tion of two Stars, or Planets, in the fame optical Point of the Heavens, /. e. in the fame degree of the Zodiac!;. See Planet, Phasis, tic

if the two Bodies concur both in the fame degree of Lon- gitude and Latitude, a right Line drawn from the Eye thro' the Centre of one of them, paries thro' that of the other ; and theConjunCtion is faid to be true: if the lower hides the upper, the ConjilnBion is faid to be corporal; and if the fame right Line, conrinu'd back from the two Centres thro' the Eye, do alio pafs thro' the Centre of the Earth, the Conjunction is faid to be central : If the Line pafs wide of the Centre of the Earth, the Conjunction is faid to be 'Par- ilk : And if the Bodies don't meet precifely in the fame Degree, but are join'd with fome Latitude, the Conjunction is faid to be apparent.

Conjunctions are alfo divided into great and greatejl : Great Conjunctions are thofe which only happen at confide- rable diftanccs of Time from each other ; as that of Saturn and Jupiter, which happens every 20 Tears. Greateft, are thofe which happen in Times very remote; as that Conjunc- tion of the three fuperior Planets, Mars, Jupiter, and Sa- turn, which only returns once in 500 Years. But this Divi- fion has little place in Attronomy ; being founded on the No- tion of the particular Influences, tic. of the heavenly Bo- dies in fuch and fuch, Afpe&s.

The AArologcrs maintain, that the Deluge was owing to a Conjunction of all the Planets in Capricorn ; and that the Conflagration will be occafion'd by their Conjunctions in Cancer : whence they pretend to foretel the End of the World.

The Conjunction is the firft, or the principal of all the Afpects ; and that whence the other Afpefts commence ; as Oppofition is the laft, where they terminate. Sec Aspect, and Opposition.

The Moon is in conjunction with the Sun every Month. See Moon.

Her Conjunctions and Oppositions are called by a general Name, Syzygies. See Syzygy.

The Eclipfes of the Sun never happen, but when there is a Conjunction of the Sun and Moon in the Nodes of the Ecliptic. See Eclipse.

Conjunction, in Grammar, a Particle which expreffes a Relation, or Dcpendance between Words and Phrafcs ; thus called, becaufe ferving to join, or connect the Parts, or Members of a Difcourfe. See Particle, Sentence, tic.

The Conjunction is the fixth of the eight vulgar Parts of Speech. See Speech.

Conjunctions render the Difcourfe more fmoofh and fluent; and ferve very good Purpofcs in the Argumentative and Nar- rative Style : but mutt ever be omitted where a Pcrfon fpeaks with Emotion ; as only ferving to weaken and ener- vate it. Soileau obferves, that nothing gives more heat and motion to a Difcourfe, than to drop the Conjunctions or Copulatives : A Paflion, adds he, embarrafs'd with Con- junctions and ufelefs Particles, lofes ail the Fire and Vehe- mence it would get in its progrefs.

Conjunctions are of various Kinds : Copulative or conjunc- tive Conjunctions, exprefs a Relation of Union, or Compa- rifon between Things; 'as and, et ; only, tantum ; as much as, tantum quantum ; in the fame manner as, quemadmo- dum ; neither more nor lefs, tantundem ; inafmucb as, quippc ; not only, but alfo, tic. non modo, fed etiam, &c. Sec Copulative.

quence, ideoqite ; fo that, ita lit, &

CONJUNCTIVA 'tunica, or Adnata, in Anatomy the firlt Coat, or Membrane of the Eye ; fo called, b-cau'fe it inclofes all the reft ; or becaufe it faflens the Eve in its Or- bit. See Adnata, and Eye.

It is very fmooth, when found, of a white Colour, like Alabafler; whence it is ordinarily called AxWhiteof the Eye. ' is faid to have its rife from the Pericranium, and to

It

be only a Continuation or Extension thereof. See Pericr

NIUM.

_ The Conjunctiva does not invert the Globe of the Eye intire ; but terminates at the Edge of the Sclerotica. See Sclerotica.

It is cover'd with a Million of fine Veins and Arteries; which never appear, unlefs when the Motion of the Blood is more than ufually rapid, as in Opthalmia's ; or when the Vcffels are more full and diftended than ordinary, as in Drunkennefs.

CONJURATION, Magick Words Characters or Cere- monies, whereby evil Spirits, Tempefts, tic. are fuppos'd to be rais'd, and driven away. See Magick.

The Romijb Priefls pretend to expel Devils, by preparing Holy Water in a particular manner, and fprinkling it over the poflefs'd, with a number of Conjurations, and Exorcifms. See Exorcism.

Some Authors make the difference between Conjuration mi Witchcraft to confift in this ; that the former elMs its Ends by Prayers, and Invocation of God's Name, tic. to compel the Devil to do what is defir'd ; fo that the Conjurer is fuppos'd to be at War with the Devil, and that evil Spi- rit to act merely out of Conffraint : whereas the latter at- tains its End by an immediate Application to the Devil him- felf; and the Devil's Complailance is fuppos'd to be the Confequence of fome Agreement between 'em : So that the Devil and the Witch have a good Understanding between 'em. See Witchcraft.

Both thefe, again, differ from Enchantment and Sorcery; in that thefe latter operate fecretly, and flowly, by Spells, Charms, (go. without ever calling on the Devil, or having any conference with him. See Charm, tic.

CONNECTION, or CONNEXION, binding, a Rela- tion whereby one thing adheres to, or depends on another.

Euclid's Propofitions have fuch a Connection among them- felves, that the latter cannot fubfift without the former.

Philofophers are at a lofs as to the Manner of the Connec- tion between Soul and Body ; between Caufes and Effects tic. See Soul, Cause, tic.

Connection, in the Drama, confifls in the joining of the feveral Scenes together. See Scene.

When the Scenes fuccecd one another immediately ; and are fo joined as that the Stage is never left empty, the Con- nection is faid to be obferv'd. See Tragedy, tic.

CONNIVENTES Valvule, in Anatomy, are Wrinkles, or Corrugations in the inner Coat or Membrane of the two latge Inteftines, the Jejunum and Ileum. See Intestines.

They are formed as the Ruga of the Stomach, viz,, by the inner Coats being larger than the outer. See Stomach.

Thefe Folds, or Corrugations, fome Anatomifls imagine in fome meafure to do the Office of Valves; by firair- ning the Paflages, and confequently impeding the Motion of their Contents : by which means, the Lafteals have the more time to imbibe the Chyle. See Lacteal, Chyle, Digestion, tic.

CONNOISSEUR, a French Term, of late ufed in En- glifh : It literally denotes a Perfon well fecn and verfed in any thing ; being form'd of the Verb Connoitre, to know, understand.

Hence it comes to be ufed in our Language for a Critick, or a Perfon who is a fhorow Judge or Mailer in any way ;

Conjunctions Disjunctive, exprefs a Relation of Separation particularly in Matters of Painting tj?i;.

ot Divifion ; as, neither, nee ; whether, five ; or, vol. See Disjunctive.

Conjunctions Mvcrfative, exprefs a Reflriction, or Con- ttariety ; as, but, fed ; neverthclefs, tamen ; altbo, etiamfi; far from, adeo non.

Conjunctions Conditional, are, if, fi ; if not, fi minus ; on Condition that, ca lege tit ; provided that, dummodo ; in caj'e of, fi vero. See Condition.

Conjunctions Continuative, exprefs a Succeuion, or Conti- nuation of the Difcourfe ; as, in effect, reipfa ; even, eti- am ; whatever it be, quicquid fit.

Conjunctions Caufal, fticw that the Reafon of fomething tionof is brought : for, nam ; becaufe, quia ; feeing, quippe ; the rather fines, eo magis quo ; inafmucb as, quatenus. See Causal.

Coiiy.inClions Dubitative, exprefs fome Doubt, or Sufpen- flon of Opinion ; as, if; that is to fax, if, &c.

Exceftivi Conjunctions, are, if it bent, nifi fi ; unlefs that, tuff, &c.

CONOID, CONOIDES, in Geometry, a folid Body, re- fembling a Cone, except in this, that inftead of a perfect.' Cir- cle for its Bafe, it has an Ellipfis, or fome other Curve ap- proaching thereto. See Cone.

The Conoid is produced by the entire Circumvolution of a Conic Section around its Axis; and according to the Deno- mination of the Section from whence it is generated, it is differently denominated : If, v. g. the Solid be produced by the Motion of a Parabola, it is called a 'Parabolic Conoid ; if by that of an Hyperbola, an Hyperbolic Conoid ; and an Elliptic Conoid, or a Spheroid, when produced by the F-ota- af an Ellipfis, around one of its Axes. See Hyperbo- lic, Parabolic, tic.

The famous Solid of the lead Refinance, Sir 1. Newton, M. Fatio, and the Marquis de I'Hopital, have demonllratcd to be a Conoid, whofe Refinance is only one 67th Part of that of the gteat Bafe.

Anatomifls alfo give the Name Conoid, or Conarium, to a Gland found in the third Ventricle of the Brain, rcfembling

a Pine-