Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/457

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it is called Scafrts, the Shaft of the Column, Sz?. Apophyge. CONGELATION, Freezing, the Act of fixing the Flui- dity of any Liquid, by Cold, or the Application of cold Bo- dies ; in which it diners from Coagulation, which is pro- duced by other Caufes. See Cold, &c.

Thus, Salt-petre congeals Water in Summer. See Ice. Metals and Minerals are faid to be Juices congeafd in the Veins of the Earth, by their intermixing with one another, or with other heterogeneous Bodies, or by the Confumption and Evaporation of their finelt Parts. See Metal.

Rock Cryftal is ufually held to be nothing but Water con- gealed in the Mountains. See Crystal.

The Bites of Afpicks are mortal, by the fudden Congela- tion which they induce on the Blood, which flops its Circu- lation. See Poison, Blood, ?£c.

CONGERIES, a Latin Word, fometimes ufed for a collection, or heap of feveral Particles, or Bodies, united into one Mafs.

CONGESTION, in Medicine, a Mafs, or Colleaion of Humours, crouded together, and harden'd, in any Part of the Body ; and there forming preternatural Tumors. See Tumor. Congeflion is effected by little and little ; in which it dif- fers from a Defluxion, which is more fudden. See Deflu- xion.

CONGIARIUM, CONGIARY, among Medalifts, a Gift, or Donative reprefented, on a Medal.

The Congiary was properly a Prefent made by the Empe- rors to the People of Rome : Thofe made the Soldiers were not called Congiaries, but ^Donatives. See Donative.

Tiberius gave a Congiary of three hundred Pieces of Money to each Citizen : Caligula twice gave three hundred Sefterces a head: Nero, whofe Congiaries are the firltthat we find reprefented on Medals, gave four hundred. Sec Ses- terce.

The Legend on Medals reprefenting Congiaries is CON- GIARIUM, or LIBERALITAS.

The Word comes from the Latin Covgius ; in regard, the firft Prefents made the People of Rome confitted in Wine and Oil, which were meafur'd out to them in Congii.

CONGIUS, an antient Roman Meafure for things Li- quid ; containing fix Sextaries; equal to about a Gallon and a Pint Englijh Meafure. See Measure.

The Congius was ufed in England, as appears by a Charter of King Edmund in 94(1. See Sextary.

CONGLOBATE Glands, in Anatomy, thofe Glands whofe Subftancc is not divided, but firm, entire, and conti- nu'd ; and their Surface fmooth and uniform. See Gland.

They are thus call'd, in oppofitionto conglomerate Glands, See Conglomerate.

Conglobate Glands have each of 'em an Artery which brings 'cm Blood, a Vein which carries it back again, after the proper Juice has been filtrated 5 and feveral excretory Duds.

Some of 'em have a Cavity in the middle, with Ly

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examines the Books to be printed or corrected : The ninth that of the Government of the whole State of the Church : The tenth tie Vono Regimine j of which two laft, the Car- dinal-Nephew is chief. The eleventh that of Money : The twelfth that of 'Uijhofts 3 wherein thofe who are to be pro- moted to Biffiopricks in Italy are examin'd : This is held before the Pope. The thirteenth that of Confijlorial Al- ters 5 the Chief whereof is the Cardinal-Dean. There is alio a Congregation of JllfflS, which takes care of what re- lates to the Sublicence of Rome, and the State oFthe Churchi Congregation is aifo ufed for a Company or Society of Religious 5 canton'd out of this or that Order $ and making, as it were, an inferior Order, or a Subdivifion o{ the Order it felf. See Order, and Monastery.

Such arc the Congregations of the Oratory of Clun'y, &c. among the Benedicli?is. See Oratory, Cluny, Benedict tins, £S?c.

Alfo for Affemblies of pious Perfons, in manner of Fra- ternities ; frequent among the Jeluits, in honour of the Vir- gin, &c. See Fraternity.

Congregation, in Phyficks, is ufed by Dr.Grezv for ths leait degree of Mixture j or that wherein the Parts of the Mixt do not confilt with, or adhere to each other, but only touch in one Point. See Mixture.

That Author declares himfelf of Opinion, that the Parti- cles of all Fluids only touch in this manner 5 or that their Cohefion only amounts to a Congregation. See Fluib, and Cohesion.

CONGRESS, Congrefjus, is ufed for an Atfembly of Commiffioncrs, Deputies, Envoys, &c. from feveral Courts, meeting to concert Matters for their common Good.

The Congrefs at the Hague, which held during the Courfc of the War, terminated in i6(j- n by the Treaty of Refvick^ was compofed of the Envoys of all the Princes in the Con- federacy againfl France.

Congress is alio ufed in an obfeene Senfe, for an Effay* or Trial, made by Appointment of a Lay or a Spiritual Judge, in the Prefence of Chirurgeons and Matrons, to prove' whether or no a Man be impotent ; in order for the ditlolv- ing of a Marriage. See Impotence.

Neither the Civil nor Canon Law make any mention of this Trial of Virility by Congrefs : It had its Origin \nFrancSi from the Boldnefs of a young Fellow, who in open Court, being hard prefs'd by his Wife, demanded the Congrefs. The Judge, furpriz'd with the Novelty of the Demand, found it could not be deny'd, as being the furell Evidence the Cafe could admit of.

In time it became a Branch in their Jurifprudence, and was authorized by Decrees and Arrets. It obtain'd for about the Space of 120 Years, and was annull'd by an Arret of Parliament in i<S"7 7, as being found precarious ; fome having fail'd under the Experiment out of mere Modeify and Shame, which is found to have the fame Effect with actual Imporency. CONGRUITY, or CONGRUENCY, in the Schools, a

phatick Veffcls, which difcharge themfelves into a common Suitablenefs or Relation between Things 5 whereby

Rcfervoir, or Carnal. See Lymphaticks

CONGLOMERATE Glands, are thofe which are com- pos'd of feveral little ones ; or they are glandulous Bodies join* d together under the fame common Membrane. See Gland.

Such are the Salival Glands, Lachrymal Glands, the Pan- creas, i$c. which fee.

The Conglomerate Glands, befides their Arteries, "Veins, and Nerves, are alfo each furnifh'd with, an excretory Veffel, ra

a Knowledge of what is to come to pafs therein* The Syftem of Congruity in Matters of Grace confuls in this 5 that God, who knows perfectly the Nature of Grace, and the Difpofitions of the Will in all the Ciicumltances that fhall befal a Man, gives Graces, wherewith, by Vir- tue of their Co??gruity with the Will of Man, confider'd in thofe Circumftanccs, Man will always infallibly, but not ne-
 * effarily, do, what God would have him do : In regard, the

mify'd throughout their own Subftance ; by means whereof Will, in the Language of the Congruijls, docs always infal-

they difcharge the Liquors they have filtrated into Refer- hbly, tho voluntarily, follow what appears belt, voirs. Congruity, in Geometry, is applied to Figures, Lines,

CONGLUTINATION, the Act of gluing, or fattening gfe. which exactly correfpond when laid over one another j

two Bodies together, by the Intervention of fome third, whofe as having the fame Terms, or Bounds. Parts arc unctuous and tcnaccous, in the Nature of a Glue ; Gluten ; from whence the Word is form'd. See Glue,

Thus, in the Animal Oeconomy, the Parts of the Body are faid to be congliitinated by means of their natural Moif- turc j by the help of Bandages, as in feveral Cafes of Sur- gery ; or by the Supply of vifcid Particles. In which laft: Acceptation, Conglutination differs little from Accretion, or See Similitude

Thofe Things between which there is a Congruity, ate equal and fimilar. See Equality, and Similar.

Euclid, and by his Example, moft other Geometricians, demonflrate all their Elements from the lole Principle of Congruency : M. Leibnitz, and after him Wvlfius, fubllitute the Notion of Similitude in lieu of that of Congruency.

Nutrition. See Nutrition. t CONGREGATION, an AiTembly of feveral Ecclefiaf- ticks, united fo as to conltitute a Body.

The Term is principally ufed for Affemblies of Cardinals, appointed by the Pope, and diftributed into feveral Cham- bers, to difcharge feveral Offices, or Jurifdiclions, after the manner of our Offices, or Courts. See Cardinal,

The firft, the Congregation of the Holy Office, or the lu- ptijition : The fecond, the Jurifdiction over Sifljops and Regulars : The third that of Councils ; this has Power to interpret the Council of Trent : The fourth that of Cufloms, Ceremonies, Precedences, Canonizations ; call'd the Congre- gation of Rites : The fifth that of St. PeterV Fabrick 5 which takes cognizance of all Caufes relating to Piety and Charity part whereof is due to the Church of St. 'Peter : The li:<tri that of Waters, Rivers, Roads : The feventh of Fountains, Stree.s : The eighth that of the Index, which

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Congruity, in a lax Senfe, is alfo us'd to c.tprefs an Ap- 1 titude in fome Bodies, to unite, or incorporate, from forne' fimilitude or fitnefs of their Figures : as Incongruity denotes an Unfitnefs of their Surfaces for joining together.

Thus, Quickfilver will unite with Gold, and many other 1 Metals, but will roll off from Wood, Stone, Glafs, ($c. and Water, which will wet Salt and diflblve it, will flipotf from Tallow without adhering to it 5 as alfo from a dufty Surface, and from the Feathers of Water-Fowl.

Two drops of Water, or of Mercury, will, on contact. immediately join and coa 1c fee $ but Oil of Tartar, pour' J. upon Quickfilver, and Spirit of Wine and Oil of Turpentine on that, and Air over all, will remain in the fame Veifd without any manner of Union, or Mixture with each other.

And the Caufe hereof, is, that the Figures of fqprfe Bo- dies will not admit other Bodies near enough to be w::hi:i their Spheres of Attraction, wheace they eannot jota, a:;d

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