Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/449

 CON

( 2 S>5 )

CON

Concomitant Grace differs, at leaft with regard to its Ef- Kumbers ; we know what it is pleafes us, tho we don't

fe£t, from preventing Grace : the latter is given us to pre- know why : We know, v.g. that the Ratio of i • 2 conlli-

vent an Action, the tormer to accompany it. , utes Concord, and S:j Difcord; but on what original

According to the Romijh Doctrine, the Blood of Jefus Grounds agreeable or difagreecble Ideas are connected with

Chrift is under the Accidents of Bread, as his Body is under thofe Relations, and the proper Influence of the one on the

the Accidents of Wine, by Concomitance. other, is above our reach.

CONCORD, in Grammar, that part of Syntax, or Con- By Experience, we know that tho follcwino Ratios of

ftruclion, whereby the Words of a Sentence agree among the Lengths of Chords are all Concord, viz. 2:1, 3:1, 4: 3,

themfclves, t. e whereby Nouns are put in the fame Cafe, 5 : 4, « : 5, 5 : 3, 8 : 5 ; that is, take any Chord for a Funda-

^umber, Gender, J£c. and Verbs in the fame Number and mental, which ITiall be reprefented by the Number I, and

Perfon with Nouns and Pronouns. See Syntax. the following Divifions thereof will be all Concord with the

The Rules of Concord, are generally the fame in all Lan- whole viz '

guages, as being of the Natute of what is in ufe almoft everywhere for the better diilinguiihing of Difcourfe.

Thus, the Diftinftipn of the two Numbers Singular and Plural, obliges us to make the Adjeffive agree with the Subftantivc in Number ; that is, to put the one either in this or that Number, as the other is : For the Subftantive being the Thing confufedly, tho direflly mark'd by the Ad- jective ; if the Subflantive Word mark fcveral, there are

So that the diftinguiih- ing Character between Concords and Difcords, mult be look'd for in thefe Numbers, expreffing the Intervals of Sound ; not abftractedly, and in themfclves, but as expref- iing the Number of Vibrations.

Now, Unifons are in the firit Degree of Concord, or have the moft perfecf Likenefs or Agreement in Tune ; and therefore have fomething in 'em acceffory to that Agrce- -■■'■■' "but

'feveral Subject of the Form mark'd by the Adjcaive, and, ment > which j. s fou , nd ' lei " s or mor „ e > "'every Concord:

of confequence itlhould be in the Plural, Homink fDoQL &c " S T^' 1 "?** tW ° S °, Uncis, C ° mC V i <1 --'

See Number. *J, une ' the more Agreement they have ; therefore, tis

OCC J- 1 U1V1U£.L\| m * ~2 <• T* -1 f '

Again, the Diflinffion of Mafculine and Feminine, renders n. ot ln the E q uallt y °- r Inequality of the Numbers that this it neceffary to put the Subftantive and Adjcaive in the g ^ e .!™! nt ;r. es fame Degree. See Degree*

And Verbs ftiould have a Concor* Nouns and Pronouns in Number and Pronoun, cifc.

Further, if we confidcr the Number of Vibrations made

rd or Agreement with '" . ^, S', v ™ , time by two Chords of equal Tune ; on the

1 Perfon. See Person,, P " ncl P le laid down, they are equal : And therefore, the Vi-

orations ot the two Chords coincide, or commence together

If any thing occur apparently contrary to thofe Rules, 'tis by a Figure, i. e. fomething is implied, or the Ideas are confidcr 'd more than the Words thcmfelves. See Figure.

Concord, in Law, is the Agreement between two Parries who intend the levying a Fine of Lands to one another, how and in what manner it ftiall pafs. See Fine.

igethe as frequently as poflible, i. e. they coincide at every Vibra- tion-; in this frequency of which Coincidence, or united Mixture of the Motions of the two Chords, and of the Undulations of the Air occafion'd thereby, it is, that the Difference of Concord and Difcord mutt be fought.

Now, the nearer the Vibrations of two Strings approach

the nearer they

Concord is alfo an Agreement made upon any Trefpafs *° * Coincidence as frequent as poflible, committed, (betwixt twS, or more) and is divided into * Co- ihouldappwach the Condition and, consequently, the Agree- ment ot Umlonsj which agrees with Experience.

For if we take the natural Series i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6> and com- pare each Number to the next, as expreffing the Number of Vibrations in the fame time of two Chords, whofe Lengths are reciprocally as thofe Numbers 5 the Rule will be found exact, for 1 : z is beft, then 2:35 after 6 the Confonance is unfufferable 5 the Coincidences being too rare : tho there are other Ratios that arc agreeable, befides thofe found in that continued Order, viz. 3 : 5, and 5 : 8, which, with the preceding five are all the concording Intervals within, or lefs than an Octave, or 1:2; that is, whofe acuteit Term is

Co- cord executory, and Concord executed,

c Pio-ivden obferves, that the firft binds not, being imper- fect ; but the latter is perfect, and binds the Party.

Others are of Opinion, that Concords executory are per- fect, and bind no lefs than thofe executed.

Concord, in Mufick, is the Relation of two Sounds that are always agreeable to the Ear, whether applied in Succef- fion or Confonance. See Sound.

If two fingle Sounds be in fuch a Relation, or have fuch a difference of Tune, as that being founded together, they make a Mixture, or compound Sound, which affects the

be-

Ear with pleafure; that Relation is called Concord: and greater than naif the Fundamental, whatever two Sounds make an agreeable Compound in con- 9"i ■" ?rInc f e > 3 : * W1 * be preferable to 4: 5.

fonance, thofe fame will always be pleafing, in Succeffion, or " ufe be ' n S e Si ual in, the number ° f Orations or r the . aG;ittr

will follow each other agreeably. See TuSe. T f rm > ^V* ■" advanta f on £° £ ldc °^ tlie ? undamcn ;

Thc Rcvcrfe of a Cmcord, is what we call a Vifcord 3 tal in f. e A a "° | : K*T* th f Coinadcnc ? 1S mad £ at

which is a Denomination of all the Relations or Differences ^7 third ^ration of the Fundamental, and every fifth

of Tunc that have a difpleafing Effeft. See Discord. °[ the acute Term : So alfo the Ratio 5 : 8 is lefs perfect

Concord and Harmony are, in effe£t, the fame thing t tho th, an 5 ■' tf 3 becaufc, tho the Vibrations of each Fundarnen-

Cuftom has applied them differently. As Concord expreffes tal are ' ^? al i ? ec in th ^ Ratio 5 1 tf, the Coincidence is at

the agreeable feci of two Sounds in Confonance 3 fo Har- %*£&&$** aCUtC T " m ' y ^ "^ ^

mony expreffes that Agreement in a greater Number of Sounds in Confonance : Add, that Harmony always implies

the other Cafe.

Thus, we have a Rule for judging of the Preference of Concords, from the Coincidence of their Vibrations ; agree- able to which Rule, they are difpos'd into the Order of the following Table 5 to which the Names of the Concords in Practice, the Ratio of their Vibrations, the Lengthi of the Chords, and the Numler of Coincidences in the fame, ar« exprefs'd.

"Table of Concords.

Confonance j but Concord is fome times applied to Succeffion : tho never but when the Terms will make an agreeable Con- fonance : whence it is that Dr. Holder, and fome other Wri* ters, ufe the Word Confonance for what we call Concord. Sec Consonance.

Unifonance, then, being the Relation of Equality be- tween the Tunes of two Sounds, all Unifons are Concords y and in the firft Degree : but an Interval being a Difference of Tune, or a Relation of Inequality between two Sounds, becomes a Concord or Difcord, according to the Circumftan- ces of that particular Relation. Indeed, fome rertrain Con- cord to Intervals, and make a difference of Tune effential thereto ; but that is precarious : and Mr. Malcolm thinks, that as the Word implies Agreement, 'tis applicable to Uni- son in the firit degree. See Unison.

cordance : The differences of Tune, we have already ob- ferv'd, take their rife from the different Proportions of the Vibrations of the fonorous Body, /'. e. of the Velocity of thofe Vibrations in their recourfes 5 the frequenter thofe re- courfes arc, the more acute being the Tune, and vice verja. See Gravity, &c.
 * Tis not eafy to affign the Reafon or Foundation of Con-

But the effential difference between Concord and Difcord by the Ear. On this bottom, Concord's muft flill be the lies deeper ; there does not appear any natural Aptitude in more perfect, as they have the greateft Number of Coinci- the two Sounds of a Concord, to determine it to give us a dences, with regard to the Number of Vibrations in both pleafing Senfation, more than in the two Sounds of a Difcord : Chords ; and where the Coincidences are equal, the Prefe- Thefe different Effects are merely arbitrary, and muft be rence will fall on that Interval, whofe acuteit Term has few- relolv'd into the divine good plcafure. See Sensation. eft Vibrations to each Coincidence ; which Rule, however, is

We know by experience what Proportions and Relations in fome Cafes contrary to Experience 5 and yet it is the only of Tune afford Pleafure, what not ; and we know alfo how Rule yet diicover'd. to exprefs the Differences of Tune by the Proportion of

F.Mer-

Ratio's, or Vibrations.

Coincid.

Grave Acute

'Term. Term.

Unifon ■ 1 ; 1

O&ave, 8ve 2 : 1

60

Fifth, 5th ■ 3 : 2

3°

Fourth, 4th 4 : 3

20

Sixth, gr. ■ ■ 5 ; 3

20

Third, gr. 5 : 4

15

Third, leffer 6 : 5

12.

Sixth, leffer —8:5

12

Grave Acute Lengths.