Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/439

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The firft Undertakers not being ruccefsfiilj a new Grant was obtain'd of Mahomet III. in 11504, to new Undertakers: In 1628 it began to flourifh, and the Colony confided of 800 People : but the Death of their Governor in 1653, gave them a Blow they never recover'd.

Several of the Companies have fince endeavour'd to fet the fifhing of Coral on its antient Foot, but hitherto in vain. Guinea Company, was eftablifh'd in 1685 : Its Grant ex- ■pir'd in 1705, but it continued its Trade of Negroes, by the King's Permiflion, under the Name of Affienta Company, to the "Year 17 r; ; when, by the Treaty of Utrecht, that Trade was lurrender'd to the Engi/Jh South-Sea Company 5 which fee.

Affienta Company. See. Guinea Qomv any, and Assienta. Cape Vcrd Company, the fame with that of Senegal, un- der another Name: It was eftablifli'd in 1664., before the Cojnfany of the Weft. - 7 but the Coafts of Africa being in- cluded in the Grant of this laft, we hear no more of the Cape Verd Company till the Year 1673, when it rofe afrefh under the Title of Company of Senegal.

French South-Sea Company, the fame with, the Affienta Company - 7 which fee.

Canada Company, eftablifh'd in 162.%, for the Commerce of Caftor-Skins, &c. Its Grant expiring in 1 7 1 7, it was united to the Company of the Weft. 5 which fee.

Accadie Company, eftablifh'd in 1683. Its Grant expiring in 1703, and the War, &c. preventing a new one, the Co- lony was neglected 5 and was taken by the Englifh in 1710, and confirmed to 'em by the Treaty of Utrecht.

French Levant Company, eftablifh'd in 15705 but its Privilege revok'd in 1684.

French North Company, eftablifh'd in 161^9, and expi- ring with its Grant in 11590.

S. (Domingo Company, eftablifh'd in 1*598, for fifty Years; carry 'd on with honour to the Year 1720, and then united to the India Company.

"Daniffi, &c. Companies. (Danifb North Company, was eftablifh'd at Copenhagen, in 1647 : Irs Eftablifhments are very confiderable in Norway 5 befides which, it fends Veffels to Varanger, whence they convey their Merchandizes by Land into the 1)anijh Lap- land ; and by Sledges drawn by Rein-Deer, into the Musco- vite Lapland. It fends others for 'Borandai and Siberia 5 where its Agents take 'em up, and convey 'em, in like manner, on Sledges, to "Fanigorod, the Capital of this Part of the MnfcGvite Empire.

The Commodities it fends thither are Rixdollars, To- bacco, and Linnens ; it returns nothing but Furs and Skins.

DanijJj Ifland Company, eftablifh'd in the fame Year with the North Company ; Its chief Factory is Kirkebar, a large Town in that Ifland.

i)anijh Eaft-lndia Company, eftablifh'd in the middle of the XVIIth Century ; their chief Factory is at Trinque- baft, whither they fend two or three Veflels every Year.

Levant Company of the Genoefc, eftablifh'd in 166^, and confirm'd by the Port 5 notwithstanding the Oppofition of the French,

Its chief Commerce was to be in Pieces of 5 Sols, which the Genoefc had before furnifh'd the 'Turks withal 5 tho in the French Name, and under their Banner 5 they were now to do it under their own Banner : And accordingly, while the Humour of thefe Pieces lafted, as they fcrv'd not only for Money, but were likewife ufed by the Greek and Turk- ijh Women of the I (lands, as Ornaments in their Head-drefs, at the bottom of their Vefts, cr Petticoats, which were co- ver'd with 'em 5 the Company fucceeded well enough : But that Money being decried in 1670, the Company has lan- guifh'd ever fince ; and can now fcarce fupport a mifcrable Commerce.

Company of Ships, is a fort of Fleet of fevcral Merchant- Vcffels, who make a kind of Charter-Party among them- felves ; whereby, under feveral Claufes and Conditions tend- ing to their common Safety, they engage not to quit one another, but to defend each other reciprocally, during their Voyage.

Thefe Affociations, in the Mediterranean, are call'd Con- ferees. See Conserve.

The chief Conditions of the Charter-Party, arc, that fuch and fuch (hall be own'd Admiral, Vice-Admiral, and Coun- tcr-Admir.il. That thofe which bear no Guns, /hall pay fo much per Cent, of their Cargo, for the Expences of the Ad- miral,^, that fuch and fuch Signals fhall beobferved - y that if they be attack'd, the Damages fhall be reimburs'd by the Company in general, &c. See Chartkr-'P arty.

Rule of Company, or Felloitffiip, in Arithmctick, is a Rule whereby we difcover, or afcertain the Share of the Profits, or Lories, belonging to the feveral Partners, or AfTb- ciatcs in any Enterprize, in proportion to the Stock each contributed thereto, and the time that Stock was in Bank. See Fellowship.

Company, in War, is a little Body of Infantry, com- munded by a Captain. See Captain.

The French ufe the Word indifferently for Horfe, or Foot j but the Englifh appropriate the Term Troop to a'comnany of Horfe. See Troop. a

The Number of Men in a Company is uncertain ; in the ordinary Regiments 'tis 50, in the Guards more. See Re- giment, and Guard;

In the French Guards the Company is 120, in the Suvifs Guards 200.

Companies not imbodicd into Regiments, are called Inde- pendent Companies.

The French have their Free Companies, who never enter the Body of any Regiment ; and Companies of Ordonnance t who in like manner never enter the Body of a Regiment, but confift of the Gens d'Armes and Light-Horfe. They were inftituted by Charles VII. who chofe out fifteen Cap- tains, under each of whom was to be 100 Lances, or Men at Arms, each Man at Arms to receive Pay for fix Perfons, himfelf among the Number 5 the reft to three Archers on Horfeback, a Cutler, and a Servant.

COMPARATES, COMPARATA, in Logic, the Term 3 or Subjects of a Comparifon ; or the two Things compared to each other. See Comparison.

COMPARATIVE Anatomy, is that Branch of Anatomy which confiders the fame Parts of different Animals, with relation to the particular Structure, and Formation which is mod fuited to the manner of living, and the Neceffities of every Creature. See Anatomy.

Thus, in the Comparative Anatomy of* Stomachs, for in- fiance, it is remarkable, that thofe Creatures which have the Opportunities of frequent^ feeding, have their Stomachs very fmall, in comparifon to fome Creatures of prey, which, probably, may be under a neceflity of falling a longtime; and therefore have Stomachs large enough to hold Food fulfi- cient for fuch a time. See Stomach, Rumination, gj?c.

However, in the common ufe of the Term, Comparative Anatomy is underftood of any Anatomy of Brutes 5 whether with any immediate reference of their Structure to that of other Animals, or not.

Comparative degree, in Grammar, is an Inflexion be- tween the Pofitive and Superlative Degrees ; whofe effect is, to fet a thing above or beneath the Level of another. See Degree.

The Latins exprefs'd their Comparative ^Degree by a par- ticular Termination of their Adjectives, and Participles 5 wherein they are follow'd by the Englijh, tho by few other of the modern Languages.

The French form molt of their Comparatives, by adding the Participles phis, moms, and auffi ; the Italians by pin, meno, &c. as the Thing is to be rais'd, lower'd, or equall'd to another.

COMPARISON", parallel ; the Relation of two Perfons or Things, confider'd as oppofed, or fet before each other, in order to find wherein they agree or differ ; or wherein one has the Advantage of the other.

Comparison, in Rhetorick, is a Figure, or rather Place, in Speech, whereby two Things are confider'd with regard to fome third, which is common to them both. See Figure, and Place.

Thus, Cicer. Topic. Catoni lictiit fequi helium civile, igi- tur 1$ Ciceroni licebit. 'Twas allo-ivd Cato to engage in the Civil Wars, therefore it may be allo-zv'd Cicero: where, to engage in the Civil Wars is common to both.

There are three Kinds of Comparifon 5 the firft i majori, i. e. from the Major to the Minor, as that of Cicero againft Anthony, ghiidfeceris domi tu<£, cum alienee tarn fis ivfolerts* Or that of Terence^ ^uemferet,fipare7itemnonfcrtfutim. From the fame Place, Ovid endeavours to appeafe Ccefar.

Cur ego poffe negem leniri Ccefaris iras, Cum videam mites hoftibus effe 2)eos ?

The fecond a mhiori, i. e. from the Minor to the Major : Thus Cicero, Majores noftri fiepe mercatoribus, ac navicula- toribus injurioftks traclatis, bella gejferunt - y vos tot Civiunt Romanorum millibus tmo nuntio atque zino tempore necatis quo tandem animo effe debetis ?

The third a pari j as when we contend that what ob- tains in one Thing, ought to obtain in another of the fame Kind : Thus, "Tivas a Laiv, that he ivho kill'd his Father Jboitld be fe-iv'd up in a Sack and thrown into a River 5 there- fore, he 'who kill'd his Mother deferves the fame 'Funiffiment,

Capto tuam, pudet heu, fed capto, Maxime, ctxnam Tu captas alter jus ; jamfumus ergopareSt Mane faint at ura venio, tu dicer is iffe, Ante falutatum ; jam fumus ergo pares, &c.

Mart. Lib. II,

Comparison of Ideas, an Act of the Mind, whereby if compares its Ideas one with another, in refpect of Extent, Degree^Time, Place, or any other Circumftances. SeeIi>Ei.

This Operation of the Mind is the Ground of Relations, See Relation.

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Brutes