Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/431

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 * fpke 5 fometimes are indifferent to each other ;


 * and lornetimes are oppoiue. Thus, if a Man have


 * fuch ftrong Benevolence as would have produced

' fuch a Man has alio in view private Advantage,
 * an Action without any Views toSelf-Intereft ^ that

c tion. When he would not have produe'd fo much
 * does no way diminifli the Benevolence of the Ac-


 * publick Good, had it not been for profpect of

' deducted ; and his Benevolence is proportioned to
 * Self-Intereft 5 then the Effect of Self-Love is to be


 * the Remainder of Good, which pure Benevolence

1 lence is hurtful to himfelf, then Self-Love is op-
 * would have produced. When a Man's Benevo-


 * pofite to Benevolence ; and the Benevolence is


 * proportion'd to the Sum of the Good produe'd,

' thereby. The Morality of any Perfon, or the
 * and the Refinance of the Self-Love furmounted


 * Quantity of publick Good produe'd by him, is

' lities : Or, (by fubitituting the initial Letters for
 * in a compound Ratio of his Benevolence and Abi-

( Moment of Evil) M — Bx A. Idem ib, p. 130,
 * the Words, as M= Moment of Good, and (jl =


 * ±3 J > r 43» I99-*

When the two Pages deflin'd for one Clafs arc full, look forwards for the next Backiide that is blank ; if it be that which immediately follows, write at the bottom of the Mar- gin of the Page fili'd, the Letter V. for Verte, turn over 5 and the fame at the top of the next Page 3 and continue from this new Page as before. If the Pages immediately following be already fili'd with other Gaffes ; write at the bottom of the Page laft fili'd the Letter V. with the Num- ber of the next blank Page 5 and at the top of that Page, the Number of this Page lalt fili'd : Then entering that Head in this new Page, proceed as before. By thele two Num- bers of reference, the one at the top, and the other at the bottom of the Page, the difcoiuinucd Matters are again con- nected. It may not be ami Is, too, every time you put a Number at the bottom of a Page, to put it likewife in the Index. Note, if the Head be" a Monofy liable beginning with a Vowel, the Vowel is at the fame time both the initial Letter and the characteriftic Vowel : Thus, the Word Art is to be wrote in A a.

Mr. Locke omits three Letters of the Alphabet in his Index, viz. K, T, and W; which are fupplied by C, J, £7, equivalent to them : And as for JS, fince it is always fol- low'd by an u\ he puts it in the fifth Place of Z 5 and fo has no Z ?/, which is a Characteriftic very rarely occurs. By thus making ^ the laft in the Index, its Regularity is preferv'd, without diminishing its Extent.

Ochers chufe to retain the Clafs Z «, and affign a Place for J^fif below the Index,

If any imagine that thofe hundred Gaffes are not fuffi- ctcnt to comprehend all kinds of Subjects without Confu- fion, he may follow the fame Method, and yet augment the Number to 500, by taking in one more CharaeteriUic to 'em. But the Inventor affures us, that in all his Collections, for a long Series of Years, he never found any deficiency in the Index as above laid down.

Common Pleas, Communia Placifa, or Bancus Com- munis, one of the King's Gourts, now conftantly held in Weftminjler-Hall ; but antiently moveable. See Court.

G-ivin obferves, that till the granting of Magna. Chart a there were but two Courts called the King's Courts, viz. the Exchequer, and the Rings-Bench ; and that upon the Grant of that Charter the Court of Common- c Pleas was e- rectcd, and fix'd to a Place certain, viz. Wejlminfier-Hall : whence the Writs which before ran Coram ?ne vel Juflicia- riis meis, limply 5 were now chang'd, and run Coram Juf- ticiariis meis apud Weflmon. See Bench.

All Civil Caufes, both Real and Criminal, are, or were in former Times, tried in this Court, according to the ftrict Law of the Realm : Fortejcue reprefents it as the only Court for Real Caufes.

The Chief Juftice hereof is call'd the Lord Chief Jufiice of the Commo?i Pleas- 7 who is accompanied with three or four his Affeciates, created by Letters latent, and as it were in- Judges ftall'd or placed on the common Bench by the Lord Chancellor, and the Lord Chief- JutUce of the Court. See Justice.

The reft of the Officers belonging to this Court, are the Cujlos Brevium ; three Prothonotaries^ or Pramotaries $ G&i* tograpber 3 14 Pilazers $ 4 Exigent ers ; Clerk of the War- rants ; Clerk of the Juries^ or Jurat a Writs 3 Clerk of the Treafnry^ Clerk of 'the King's Silver 5 Clerk of the Effoigns j Clerk of the Outlawries $ Clerk of the Errors ; whofe fe- veral Functions fee in their Places Custos Brevium-, Pro-

THONOTARY, ExiGENTER, ClERR, &C.

Common Bench. ? « S Common 'Pleas. Common Coir.icil. S (.Common Council.

Common-HV/;/^ the Chief-Huntfman belonging to the Lord Mayor and the City of Loudon. See Mayoa^

COM

Common Receptacle.'} „ SReceptaclE. Common Senfory. 5 ?SenSory.

COMMONER, is ufed for a Student, in an Uniyerfityj cnter'd on the Foundation, and not as a Servitor. See V n i-

VERSITY.

The Word is alfo apply'd to a Member of the Houfe of Commons ; in contradiftincfion to a 'Peer. See Cosimons.

COMMONS; in Parliament, are the lower Houfe, con- fiding of Knights elecfed by the Counties, and of Citizens; and Burgeffes by the Cities and Borough-Towns. See Knight* and Burgess ; fee alfo County, Borough, &c. In thefe Elections, antiently; all the People had Votes ; but King Henry VI. to avoid Tumults, firlt appointed, that none lliould vote for Knights but fuch as were Freeholders) did relide in the County, and had 40 s. yearly Revenue : The Perfons elected for Counties to be Mllites notables, at leaft Efquires, or Gentlemen fit for Knighthood ; native Emrliflimen, at leaft naturaliz'd; and 21 Years of Age : No Judge, Sheriff, or Ecclefiaftical Perfon, to fit in t&S Houfe for County, City, or Borough.

All Members of either Houfe, with their menial Servants; and neceffary Goods brought with 'em, are privilcg'd from all Attachments and Imprifonmcnts ; except for Ttea- fon, Felony, or breach of Peace, all the time of the Seflion; and till they arrive at home, eundo, morando, ad protrU redeundo.

The Commons fit in their Houfe promifcuoufly ; only the Speaker has a Chair, or Seat, fix'd towards the .upper End j and the Clerk, with his Afliftant, fits near him.

The Members have no Robes, as the Lords ever had $ excepting the Speaker and Clerks ; and fometimes the Pro- fetfors of Law in Term-time, and the Members of the City of London.

On the firft Day of the new Parliament, ere any Affair is meddled with, all the Members take the Oaths- ufually; before the Lord Steward, and in the Court of Wards. See Oaths.

They then proceed to the Choice of a Speaker. See Speaker.

After the Eleflion of a Speaker, they take the Oaths a fecond time,

•Power and Privileges of the Houfe of Commons. All Bills for levying Money on the Subjefi, begin in the Houfe of Commons j in regard, 'tis from them the greateft Part of the Monies arife : nor will they allow the Lords to make; any alteration in a Money-Bill.

They have the Privilege to propofe Laws ; and are, in ef- fect, the grand Inoueft of the Realm; prefent publick Grievances ; impeach publick Delinquents, even the higheit Officets of the Kingdom ; and profecute 'em before the Houfe of Lords, who are a Court of Judicature, thb the Commons are nor.

The Commons are allow'd their Expences duting Parlia- ment-time, rationabiles exfenfas, as the Words of the Writ arc 9 /'. e. fuch Allowance as the King, eonfidering the Prices of Things, lhall think proper to impofe on the People they reprefenr. In 17 Ed'ji. II. the Allowance was ten Groats for Knights, and five for Burgeffes, per Day ; afterwards it was rais'd ro four Shillings a Day for dubbed Knights, and two Shillings for all the reft : But all Allowance is now grown into difufe ; and the Courfe of the Money turh'd the other way. See Parliament.

Commons is alfo ufed in opposition to Nobles, or Peert ; via. for all forts of Perfons under rhe degree of a Baron; in- cluding the Orders of Knights, Efquires, Gentlemen, the Sons of the Nobility, and Yeomen. See each under its pro- per Article Esojiire, Gentleman, Yeoman, 5-?c.

Commons is alio uied for the dated and ordinary Diet, or Eating of a College, Inns of Courr, or other Society. See Inn, i£c.

COMMONWEALTH. See Republics. COMMOTE, an antient Term in Wales, as appears frorri Stat. Walliie 1 a Commote was half a Cautrcd, or Hundred j containing ;o Villages. See Hundred.

Wales was antiently divided into three Provinces ; each of thefe fubdivided into Cantreds ; and every Cantred intd Hundreds.

Sylvefter Girald, however, tells us in his Itinerary, that a Commote is but a quarter of a Hundred.

COMMOTION, an interline Motion, or Lucfation in the Parts of any thing.

In Medicine, the Term is chiefly ufed for a blow, or Iriake of the Brain. Thus, we fay, a Convulfion is a Com- motion of the fine medullary Fibres of the Brain. A fall occafions a Commotion, whence frequently arifes a counter- ftroke on the oppofite Part ; which occafions Ibmetimes 3. Contrafiflure, and at other times a Rupture of the Vef- fels, and an Apofthume, by ihaking the whole Mafs of the Brain.

COMMUNIBUS Loch, a tatin Term, in frequent ufe among Philofophical, i$c. Writers j implying fome Medium j or mean Relation between fevcral Places.

G c « 6 Thus;