Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/420

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COM

COLttMNA Nafi, is ufed by fome Writers of Anatomy, for the flefhyPartof the Nofe jutting out over the upper Lip. See Nose. - -, '■ " „

ColumNA Oris, is fometimes ufed for the Uvula. See

COLUMNS Came*, in Anatomy, called alfo Lacertuli, and Column* Cordis ; are feveral fmall Mufcles in the Ven- tricles of the Heart ; derived, and, as it were, detach d trom the Parietes of the Ventricles, and connefted by tendinous Extremities to the Valves of the Heart. See Heart.

Thefe little Columns, or Pillars, being fatten d to the Pa- rietes of the Heart on one fide, and the Tricuspid and Mi- tral Valves on the other 5 do, by their Contra&on in the Syftole of the Heart, draw out the Valves ; and by that means not only (hut the Orifices of the Veins, but more exaffly clofe the Ventricles in their Syftole. See Systole, and Diastole.

COLUR.ES, in Geography and Aftronomy, two great Circles, imagined to interfea each other at right Angles, in the Poles of the World. See Circie.

The Colnres pafs, one of 'em thro' the Solftitial, and the other thro' the EquinoBial Points of the Ecliptic : whence the firft is denominated the Solftitial and the fecond the E- qinnoSial Colure. See Solstitial, and Equinoctial.

The Equinoaial Colure determines the Equinoxes ; and the Solftitial, the Solffices. See Equinox, and Solstice.

By thus dividing the Ecliptic into four equal Parts, they mark the four Seafons of the Year. See Season.

The Word is deriv'd from the Greek koa©-, mutilus, or truncatus, and i&- tail ; as appearing with the Tail cut off ; becaufe never feen entire above the Horizon.

COLXBA, a Term in the Greek Liturgy, fignifying an Offering of Grains, and boil'd Pulfe ; made in honour of the Saints, and for the fake of the Dead.

Balfamon, P. Goar, Leo Allatius, and others, have wrote on the Subjeft of Colybas : the Subttancc of what they have faid, is as follows.

The Greeks boil a quantity of Wheat, and lay it in little Heaps on a Plate; adding beaten Peas, Nuts cut fmall, and Grape-ftones, which they divide into feveral Compartments, feparated from each other by Leaves of Parfley. A little Heap of Wheat thus feafon'd, they call nanSCa..

They have a particular Formula for the Benediflion of the Colybas ; wherein, praying that the Children of Baby- lon may be fed with Pulfe, and that they may be in better Plight than other People, they defire God to blefs thofe Emits, and thofe who eat them, becaufe offer'd to his Glo- ry, to the honour of fuch a Saint, and in memory of the faithful Deceafed.

Salfamoa refers the Inttitution of that Ceremony to S. A- thanafius ; but the Greek Synaxary to the Time of Ju- lian the Apoftate.

Many of the Latin Divines having fpoke injurioufly of this Ceremony, Gabriel Archbilhop of "Philadelphia, has wrote a Difcourfe in its Vindication 5 wherein he endeavours to Ihew, that the Defign of the Colyba is only to reprefent the Refurre&ion of the Dead, and to confirm the Faithful in the Belief thereof.

The Colyba, he fays, are Symbols of a general Refurrec- tion ; and the feveral Ingredients added to the Wheat, fig- nify fo many different Virtues.

COMA, in Medicine, a fort ofaflecpy Difeafe, otherwife called Cataphora ; confiding in a violent propenfity to flcep, whether Sleep eniue, or not. See Sleep.

If Sleep do enfue, the Difeafe is called Coma Somnolentum, wherein the Patient continues in a profound Sleep ; and when awak'd, immediately relapfes, without being able to keep open his Eyes.

If he do not deep, but is continually awak'd with fright- ful Dreams, 'tis called Coma Vigil : and here too his Eyes are ftiut, and he appears afleep.

The Caufe of the Coma Somnolentum, may be any thing that prevents the Courfe of the Spirits 3 as a cold, humid temperature of the Brain 5. hot putrid Vapours afcending in- to the Head, and flopping the Canals of the Animal Spi- rits ; narcotick Vapours, &c.

The Coma Vigil is fuppofed to arife from the Conflict, or iarring Mixture of Bile with Pituita ; the one urging to fleep, the other to waking. Hence, the Patient lleeps ei- ther not at all 5 or, ar molt, but for a moment ; is uneafy, Harts, rifes up, and fometimes throws himfelf on the Perlbns near him 3 his Eyes, all the time faft clofed.

The Remedies for a Coma, are thofe which occafion great Evacuations; as violent Clyftcrs, or Vomitives; Medicines that purge, and dry the Brain ; and thofe which occafion Re- vulfion of Humours ; as Veficatories, Cauteries, ££c. to which may be added volatile Spirits, Salts, and moft Cephalicks.

Coma, in Grammar. See Comma.

Coma Berenices, 'Berenice's Hair, in Aftronomy, a Con- ftellationof the Northern Hemifphere. See Constellation.

The Stars in rhe Conftellation Coma Berenices, in 'Pto- lemy's Catalogue are 3 ; in Tycho's 13 ; in the Britannic

Catalogue 40. The Order, Names, Longitudes, Latitudes Magnitudes, ££?c. whereof, are as follow. »

Stars in the Conjlellation Coma Berenices.

Names and Situations of

(A

Longitude.

Latitude.

».

the Stars.

1

,

1 11

' h

1

ne

16"

53 '-i 44 9

20 21 4« 20 2 II

7 6

17

21

14 jo

I« 27

6

17

21 15

24 45 23

6

<> Firft of all in the Circle of the HaiiO to the South 5

19

5« 6

19 59 7

6

l 5

16 44

'5 1; 55

5

19

18 19

23 28 33

4 5 7

20

24 1

22 55 57

17

5« 28

z 7 34 35

6

17

5° 59

27 51 5«

6

TO

H

5 51

18 19 5;

+ 5 5

$d of the prec. from the Cufp,or Foin

19

45 2 9

=•5 57 32

2d of the preced.

£0

2 23

26 II 47

5

That preced. in the Cufp

J9

5 5 4°

27 26" 54

5

In the Cufp towards the North

19

32 24

18 24 2

4 5

That under this

20

16 55

27 « 50

.5

That following this

21

10 29

26 29 11

6

Firft of 3 contiguous ones behind this

22

10 36

24 55 18

6

2 3

43 "

22 2 38

6

Middle of the contiguous ones

22

18 15

25 29 10

4 5

20

Subfeq. and lefs

23

1 59

25 29 II

7

Anoth.following all thefe,and more S

24

7 1

24 7 s

4

That preced. feveral under the Hair

2tt

7 23

20 17 57

5

27

6 49

19 19 12

6

»S

48 38

23 8 10

5

2 5

29

34 59

19 48 42

5

£:

I I

IS 5

10 30

17 12 57

17 48

6 5

W

24

57 52

29 58 24

6

Preced. in the Hair


 * 5

3° 2 4

iO 12 24

5

3°

2S

o

59 2

20 48 10

7

More South in the Hair

1?

28

59 44

24 42 42

+ 5

S2:

2

3 55

21 46 56"

5

m

25 43 4

33 5« 3«

5 *.

■**-

1

42 23

21 45 14

6

35

2

5 7


 * 5 55 5«

5

I

22 51

27 14 3 9

s

Former of a inExtrem. of the Hair

£;

29

1 29

31 49 22

5

W

4

38 ss

22 59 12

♦ 5

Pofterior in the Extremity of the Han

o

C 31

32 28 33

4

40

All thefe Stars Ptolomy ranks among the Informed of Leo; and the Clutter of little Stars, in form of a Nebulous one, between the Lion and Bear, he calls limply vrhoxpfiw • as re- fembling an Ivy-leaf: the pointed Part whereof is turn'd to- wards the North, and the Sides, bounded by the 7th and 22d Stars. Bayer, inftead of Hair, gives a Sheaf of Corn.

COMBAT, an Engagement ; or a Difference decided by way of Arms.

Authors diltinguifh in an Army, between a Combat and a Battel ; the latter exprelTmg the general Action of the whole Army : the former a particular Skirmifh, or Engagement of a fingle part : fo that the Combat is properly a Part of a Battel. See Battel.

Combat, in Law 5 or, ^/V^/c-Comeat ; a formal Trial, between two Champions, of fome doubtful Caufe or Quar- rel, by the Sword, or Batoons. Sec Trial.

This form of Proceeding was antiently very popular ; and obtain'd not only in Criminal, but alfo in Civil Caufes : be- ing built on a Prefumption, that God would never grant the Victory, but to him who had the beft right. See Duel.

We find the Combat as early as the Time of Otho : The laft admitted in England, was 6 Car. I. between ^Donald Lord Rbee, or Rcy, and 2)avid Ramfey Efq; in the Paint- ed Chamber.

The Form and Ceremony of the Combat t is defcrib'd in the Gra-ad Coutumicr of Normandy : The Accufer, firft, fwore to the Truth of his Accufation ; the Accufed gave him the Lye : upon which, each threw down a Gage, ot Pledge of Battel 5 and the Parties were committed Prifoners till the Day of combat. See Champion.

Hiitorians tell us, that ALfbovfo King of Caftile, defi- ling to abolifh the Mofarab'rc Rite, and to introduce the Ro- man Office: the People oppofmg it, 'twas agreed to termi- nate the Difference by Combat^ and to leave the Caufe to the Decifion of Heaven.

Combat is alfo ufed for the folemn Games of the anti- ent Greeks and Romam y in honour of their Gods - 7 as the Olympic Games, Pythian, IJlbmcean, and Nemdtan Games ; the Ludi Jftiaci, Circenfes, &c. which fee in their Places, Olympic, Isthmian, &c.

The