Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/409

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appointed a Collcff for the Relief of the Holy Land, at the Defire, and after the Example of the King of France.

Collect, in the Liturgy of the Church of England, and the Mafs of the Romanifts, a Prayer accommodated to any particular Day, Occafion, or the like. See Liturgy and Mass.

In the general, all the Prayers in each Office are call'd CclleSs ; either becaufe the Prieft fpeaks in the Name of the whole Affembly, whofe Sentiments and Defires he fums up by the Word Oremus, Let us pray ; as is obferv'd by Pope Innocent III. or, becaufe thofe Prayers are offer'd when the People areaffembled together ; which is the Opinion of jetlje

COL

The Erection of Colleges is part of the Royal Prerogative and not to be done without the King's Confer* rer0ga " ve '

Among the Greeks, the Lyceum and Academy were thr celebrated Colleges ; the latter r to our Univerriries, which in

With them, rhe Houfe or Apartment'of eac'lTphiloLher, or Rhetor, nught be efteem'd a kind of CoUeie of it felf! See Lyceum, and Acmuv ri

-.eum and Academy we of which has given its Name in Latin are called Academic

'Pamelius on Tertullian.

The Affembly it felf is in fome antient Authors called Collell The Popes Gelafus and Gregory are faid to have been the firlt who eflablifh'd Collects. Ttcfpenfe, a Doflor of the Faculty of 'Paris, has an exprefs Treatife on Collects their Origin, Antiquity, Authors, tgc.

COLLECTIVE, in Grammar, a Term applied to a Word that expreffes a multitude ; tho it felf be Angular. Thus, Troop, Company, Army, are Nouns Collective. COLLECTOR, a Pcrfon nominated by the Commiffio- ners of any Duty, the Inhabitants of a Parifli, or the like, to raife or gather any Tax, £i?c.

COLLEGATARY, in the Civil Law, a Perfon to whom is left a Legacy in common with one or more other Perfons. See Legacy.

If the Thing be bequeathe infolido, the Portion of the deceafed Collegatory accrues to the reft.

COLLEGE, an Afl'cmblage of feveral Bodies, or Socie- ties ; or, even of feveral Perfons into one Society. See Society. The Term College, among the Romans, was ufed for an Affemblage of feveral Perfons employ 'd in the fame Func- tions, and as it were bound together to aft, or ferve in con- cert. It ferv'd indifferently for thofe employ'd in the Offices of Religion, of Government, the Liberal Arts, and even Mechanical Arts, or Trades : So that the Word properly fig- nified what we call a Corporation, or. Company. See Cor- poration.

ceum, and Academy.

The Romans came late into the Institution of fuch Colleges ■

iney had, however, feveral, founded by their Emptors ;

Specially ,n Gaul ; the chief whereof were thofe of Mar-

■ tons, Befancon, and Bourdeaux.

A.rS-'V™/', and £ Sy?rians too, have had their Colleges ; nii \ Tom t°i" a > Sun, and Babylon : this laft is faid to have been mltituted by Ezekiel, and to have fubfiiled in the lime of Mahomet.
 * w£ V the, &rA Were tl,ofe of 7^'falem, Tiberias,

JSSS? i tM t ki ^ J?" e bcen S=n«ally in theHands of thofe the r '■, r°J h S 0ffices ° fR 4?°» •■ The Magi in Perfia, £;% m ? J fW' m <he Indies, the TJruidsin Gaul and Britain had the Care or educating Youth in the Sciences. Alter Cnriitian.ty became eftablifh'd, there were almofl as many Colleges as Monatteries ; Charlemaign, in his Capitu- laries, enjoining the Monks to inftrufl Youths in Mufick, Grammar, and Arithmetic!: : But, this, calling the Monks horn their Solitude, and raking up too much of their time, he Care of the Colleges was at length put into the Hands of thofe who had nothing elfe to do. See School.

In the Canon Law, 'tis faid, Three Perfons make a College, ires Collegium 1 actum.

The Colleges in London are,

o7, at Augurs, and the College ofCafitolini, 1. e. of thofe who hacl 21i3^LfeX? W * und " the Same_ of the Prefi- the Superintendence of the Capitoline Games ; but alfo the

? of Car- f Potters, — iCc%eofLock- imiths, Fabrorum Serranorum ; of Engineers, for the Army T'ignariorum ; of Butchers, Lamorum -, of DendrophoriJ Dendrophomm ; of Centenaries, Centonariorum - of Makers ofMilirary Cafaques, Sagariorum; of Tent-makers Taber- naculanormn ; of Bakers, Piftorum 3 of Muiicians, TtU- cinum, &c.

'Plutarch obferves, that it was Numa who firft divided the People into Colleges; which he did, to the End that each

confulting thelnwretts of their College, whereby the, 'were where* u'fu'allv "kZlr^l^T "?T' !g f L-" dividedfromtheCiti^softheother^thjymhlhtn; & ^^jfi £ £&£ of '*

dent and Fellows of Sion College ; and an Hofpital for ten P°" Me ". and as many Women. See Hospital.

Ihe Officers of the Corporation are the Prefident, two ueans, and four Affiftants ; who are annually chofen from among the Rectors and Vicars of London ; fubiefl to the Vi- ntation of the Biihop. They have a good Library, built and ftock d by Mr. Simfon, chiefly for the Ckrey of the Ci- ty, without excluding other Students on certain Terms 4 and a Hall, with Chambers for Studen the Minifters of the

nts, generally filled with

-_ neighbouring Pariflies.

College of Civilians, commonly call'd Z)cCiors-Commons;

a College founded by Dr. Harvey, Dean of tiie Arches, for

the Profeflors of rhe Civil Law rcfid

enter into any general Confpiracy againft the publick Repofe Colleges were diftinguiih'd from other Societies, not form'd into Colleges by publick Authority, in this, that thofe who com- pos'd a College were qualify'd to treat of the common Inte- refts ol their College, which was, as it were, aMemberofthe State, and had a common Purfe, an Agent to negotiate their Affairs, fent Deputies to the Magistrates when they wanted

to treat with them 5 might make Statutes and By-Laws foi the Adminiitration of their College, Sic. (See 'Plutarch.

this City 5 Arches ty, ot the Pre- rogative Court, (gc. with other Civilians ; who all live, as to Diet and Lodging, in a Collegiate manner, commoning to- gether : whence the Appellation of %)o8on-C<mmom.

Iheir Houfe being confum'd in the great lire, they all relided ar Exetcr-Houfe in the Strand, till i CMeSS t"tr M l n ' ^ f^inPhyVcrrfinVu^

College of Electors U 1 the : Bod'v of FI,S„ 1, • fi p, ' p m 7', w,. th ™ t L '<:™re under the faid College-Seal, prac-

Deputies, affembled in rhe D e af ilitn i V ^^ W ' ° r - Within feve " Miles ^London ; nor even

A P n,iently, the King 5 s£nl^ no*b 6D t«Tn !d3, %X 9" "* *ft** U " lefs he hav< = taken the De '

College; atpreiemrAas. See Diet P ^ ^ g£ 'n°Z C "^ T ^""SS? : W " h PoWer t0 * imi ~

,iSfeS;^" f — ortheirDepu- J^tfffi^g

laid College in their Difpenfatory.

College of Phyficians, a Corporation of Phyficians, in London ; who, by feveral Charters and Ath of Parliament of Henry VIII. and his Succeffors, have certain Ptivil

which the feveral Imperial Cities fend to the Diet.

College of Cardinals, or the Sacred College, is a Bo- dy compos'd of the three Orders of Cardinals, viz Cardi- nal-Bifhops, Cardinal-Priefts, and Cardinal-Deacons. See Cardinal.

Each Order has its Dean, or Chief. The Dean of the Cardinal-Bimops is always the Eifhop of Ofiia.

College is alfo us'd for a publick Place, endow'd with

By the faid Charter they are alfo freed from all trouble- fom Offices ; as to ferve on Juries, be Conftable, keep Watch, provide Arms, S?c.

This Society had antiently a College in Knightrider-ftreet,

the Gift ot Dr. Linacre, Phyfician to King Henry VIII.

Since that, they have had a Houfe built 'em by the famous

certain Revenues • where rh,. f^ZoTp ".' " " t "i", Ha , r , ve y> ™ i*5-. at the end of Amen-ftrect, which he

sai != a v"y^^oSsrrcia^: assstss Sr ntance in hisAictimei but this

appointed for that Purpofe.

An Affemblage of feveral of thefe Colleges conftitute an Univerfity. See Qniversity.

The Univerfity of Oxford confifts of 18 Colleges ; that of Cambridge of tff ; that of <Paris of 50 Colleges.

..- in 1666, a new one was erected at the Expence of the Fellows, in Warwick Lane ; with a noble Library; given partly by rhe Marquis of 2)orcheJler and partly by Sir Theodore Mayerne.

Of this College there is a Prefidenr, four Cenfors, and n Electors: The Cenfors have, by Charter, Power to furvey govern, andarreft all Phyficians, or others praflifing Phyfisk'