Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/408

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COL

It ufually has its rife from fome Stone, or Gravel detach'd from the Kidnies, and fallen into the Pelvis. The Pareira Srava is faid to be a Specific for Nephritic Colics. See PA- REIRA BrAVA.

S. Manouchi, a Venetian Phyfician at the Court of the Great Mogul, gives the following Remedy as infallible in Nephritic Cafes : An Iron Ring, about an Inch and half in Diameter, and thick in proportion, is to be heated red-hot ; then, laying the Patient on his Back, the red-hot Ring is to be apply'd to his Navel, fo, as that the Navei be in the Cen- tre of the Ring : The Patient will prefently feel the Pain, which will occafion him to Shrink back very fuddenly 5 the fudden Revuifion thus occafion'd in the lower Venter, will in a little time diffipate all his Pains. The fame Author adds, that he can warrant the Succefs of the Remedy.

In Colics arifing from Flatulencies, Carminative Waters, Oils, Aromaticks, &c. are always to be added to the Com- petitions : And in Nephritic Colics, befides Emollient Clyf- ters, Solutions of Manna, Cremor Tartari, &c. in Whey, £5^. and proper oleaginous Mixtures, are to be exhibited to relax the Fibres; after which, proper Anodynes take place.

Some, particularly Sydenham, mention a Nervous Colic, moftiy incident to hyfteric and hypochondriac Perfons 5 but this appears only a Species of the Windy Colic.

Saglivi recommends Camomile as an Antidote againftthe Colic, from what Caufe focver it arife. Where the Difeafe is obftinate, much riding is of efpecial Service.

COLIR, an Officer in China, who has an Eye over what patfes in every Court, or Tribunal in the Empire ; and tho himfelfnot of the Number, yet is affixing at all Affemblies, the Proceedings whereof are communii:ated to him.

He is properly what we may call an Infpetlor ; He gives fecrct Intelligences to the Court ; and even, on occafion, ac- cufes the Mandarins of their Faults openly ; and that not on- ly of Faults in their publick Offices, but even in their pri- vate Life. To keep him impartial, he is kept indepen- dent ; by having the Poft for Life. Thcfe Colirs make even the Princes of the Blood tremble.

COLLAR, a particular Ornament, wore by the Knights of feveral Military Orders, hanging over their Shoulder, on the Mantle ; and its Figure drawn around their Armories. See Knight.

The Collar ordinarily confifts of a Chain of Gold, enamell'd 5 frequently fet with Cyphers, or other Devifes, and having the Badge of the Order fufpended at Bottom.

The Collar of the Order of the Garter, confifts of SS, with Rofes enamell'd red, within a Garter enamell'd blue, the George at the Bottom. See Garter.

Maximilian is faid to have been the firft of the Emperors who put the Collar of an Order around his Arms, upon his being made Chief of that of the Golden Fleece.

Knights of the Collar, a Military Order in the Repub- lick of Venice - y called alfu the Order of St. Mark, or the Medal.

'Tis the Doge and the Senate that confer this Order: The Knights bear no particular Habit, only the Collar, or Chain, which the Doge puts around the Neck ; with a Me- dal, whereon is reprefented the winged Lion of the Re- publiclc.

COLLATERAL, in Geography, any Thing, Place, Coun- try, &c. iituate by the Side of another.

The Word is a Compound of con, with, and latns, fide ; and chiefly applied to the Winds, which blowa-fide of thofe in the Cardinal Points of the Horizon ; as the North-Ear}, South-Eaft, North- Welt, South- Welt, and their Subdivisions. Collateral Points, in Cofmography, the intermediate Points; or thofe between the Cardinal Points. See Cardi- nal 'Points.

The Collateral Points are either Primary, which are thofe removed by an equal Angle on each fide, from two Cardinal Points : or Secondary ; which, again, are either thofe of the firft, or fecond Order. The firft, thofe equally diltant from a Cardinal and firft Primary ; the latter equally diftant from fome Cardinal or Primary, and firft Secondary. See Point.

Collateral Winds, thofe blowing from Collateral Points. See Wind.

Collateral, in Matters of Genealogy, is underftood of thofe Relations which proceed from the fame Stock, but not in the feme Line of Attendants, or Defendants; but be- ing, as it were, afide of each other.

Thus, Uncles, Aunts, Nephews, Nieces, and Coufins, are Collaterals, or in the Collateral Line. Thofe in a higher Degree, and nearer the common Root, reprefent a kind of Paternity with regard to thofe more remote ; but there is a kind of Equality between Collaterals in the fame Degree.

Thus, collateral Defcent (lands in opposition to direct De- fcent to Pofterity ; the former paffing to Brothers Children, but the latter only from Father to Son.

Collateral Affurance, is a Bond, made over, and be- yond the Deed it felf, for the Performance of Covenants be- tween Man and Man ; thus called, as being external, and without the Nature and Effence of the Covenant.

Crompton fays, that to be fubjeft to the feeding of the King's Deer, is collateral to the Soil within the Foreft. I t may be added, that liberty to pitch Booths in a Fair, 0r ano _ thcr Man's Ground, is collateral to the Ground.

Collaterals Penis, in Anatomy, a Mufcle, othcrwife called Errigens, or Ercclor Penis. See Erector.

COLLATION, in the Canon Law, the conferring, 0r beftowing of a Benefice by a Biftiop, who has it in his own Gift, or Parronage. See Benefice, and Patronage.

Collation differs from Injlitution, in that the latter is per- form'd by the Bifhop, at the Motion or Prefentation of ano- ther : (fee Institution.) And the former on his own Motion.

Collation alfo differs from Prefentation, in that the latter is properly the Aft of a Patron, offering his Clerk to the Bi- fhop, to be inftituted into a Benefice ; whereas the former is the Aft of the Bi/hop himfelf. See Presentation. The Collator can never confer a Benefice on himfelf. In the Romijb Church, the Pope is the Collator of all Be- nefices, even elective ones, by Prevention ; fetting afide Con- fiftorial Benefices, and thofe in the Nomination of Lay-Pa- trons. Prelates and Bi/hops are call'd Ordinaries, or ordi- nary Collators. See Ordinary, $$c.

If the Ordinary Collator neglect to exercife his Right for fix Months, the fuperior Collator may collate by Devolution. Thus, if the Bifhop negleft, the Metropolitan may confer j then the Primate ; and fo on from degree to degree.

In France, the King is the Collator of all Benefices, where^ of he is Patron, excepting Confiftorial ones ; to which he has only the Nomination; and the Pope, by Virtue of the Concordat, is oblig'd to confer on whomfoever the King no- minates. For the reft, he is direct and abfolute Collator-, and may confer 'em, by Virtue of a kind of Priefthood an- nex'd to the Royalty,

Other Lay-Patrons have feldom more than a mere Prefen- tation ; the Collation properly belonging to the Biftiop : yet there are Abbots who have the full Right of Collation.

The Canonifts reckon two Kinds of Collation ; the one Free, and Voluntary, the other NeceJJary. The firft de- pending on the mere Will of the Collator, who may chufe whom he pleafes to fill the Vacancy. In the latter, the Col- lator is not at his liberty : which is the Cafe where a Be- nefice has been refign'd, or chang'd, and that Refignation or Permutation allow'd of by the Superior ; for here the Collator is oblig'd to grant the Provision to theRefignatory, or Com- permutant.

fruBibus ; c Thofe who have the Fruits of a Benefice have ' the Collation.' But in that Cafe, the Word Collation is us'il for Prefentation. See Presentation, %$c.
 * Tis a Maxim in the New Canon Law, Collathnes fant in

A collated Aft is equivalent to an Original ; provided all the Parties concern'd were prefent at the Collation.

Collation, in Common Law, is the Comparifon, or Pre- fentation of a Copy ro its Original, to fee whether or no it be conformable : or the Report, or Aft of the Officer who made the Comparifon.

Collation is alfo ufed among the Romanifls for the Meal or Repaft made on a Faft-Day, in lieu of a Supper. See Fast.

Fruits are not allow'd in a Collation : F. Lobineati obferves, that anriently there wasnot allow'd, even, bread in the Colla- tions in Lent; nor any thing befide a few Confitures and dried Herbs, and Fruits : which Cuftom, he adds, obtain'd till the Year 1513.

Cardinal Humbart obferves further, that in the middle of the Xlrh Century, there were no Collations at all allow'd in the Latin Church in the time of Lent ; and that the Cuftom of Collations was borrow'd from the Greeks ; who themfelves did not take it up till about the Xlth Century. See Lent. Collation is alfo popularly us'd for a Repaft between Dinner and Supper.

The Word Collation, in this Senfe, 2)u Cange derives from Collocutio, Conference; and maintains, that originally, Collation was only a Conference, or Converlation on Subjects of Piety, held on Faft-Days in Monafteries ; but that, by de- grees, the Cuftom was introduced of bringing in a few Re- frefhments : and that by the Exceffes to which thofe fober Repafts were at length carried, the Name of the Abufe was retain'd, but rhat of the Thing loft.

COLLEAGUE, a Companion, Partner, or Affbciate in the fame Office, or Magiftrature.

The Word is particularly us'd in fpeaking of the Roman Confuls, and Emperors.

COLLECT, or COLLECTION, a voluntary gathering of Money, for fome pious, or charitable Purpofe.

Some fay, the Name Colleff, or Collections was ufed, by reafon thofe Gatherings were antiently made on the Days of Collects, and in Collects, i. e. in Affemblies of Chriftians ; but, more probably, quia colligebatur pecunia.

The Word is fometimes alfo ufed for a Tax, or Impofition, rais'd by a Prince for any pious Defign. Thus, Hiftories fay, that in ntfo", the King of England, coming into Normandy,

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