Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/402

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Imaginary Money, or Money of Accomft, is that which has no Exiftence in real Species ; but is rather a Sum of fe- veral Species, invented or retain'd to facilitate Accompts, by keeping them on a fix'd footing, not to be changd like the current Coins, which the Sovereign Power either ralfes or lowers at pleafure, according to the Occafions of the State

Of this Kind, among us, ate Pounds, Nobles, Marks, iSc. among the French, Livres, (gc. See Pound Livb.il, &c.

For the feveral Imaginary Monies ufed m the feveral Parts of Europe, &c. with their Proportions and Redudions, fee

"Re"' or Effective Money, is that which has an actual Exifteri'ce, in real Species of Gold, Silver, Be. See Species

Such are, among us, Shillings, Guineas, &c. the Lilt ot which, ufed in the feveral Parts of the World, with their Reduflions, are as follows.

Modern Coins, or current Species of Europe, Afia, Africa, and America.

All the current Species in the four Quarters of the Earth, at this Day, are either made of Metals, or are Shells and

Fruits. m. , -r 1

The Metals are Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, and Lead 5 to which may be added Billon, a mixture of Silver and Cop- per in a certain proportion. ,_,,„., „ ,

In Europe, none are ufed befide Gold, Silver, Copper and Billon. In feme part of the Eafi Indies, they likewife ufe Tin and Lead : As to Shells and Fruits, they are the fmall Money of feveral Nations in Afia., Africa, and America.

Sritijh Coins.

In England, the current Species of Gold, are the Gui- nea, Half Guinea, Jacobus, Laureat, Angel, and Role- r,o- ble : the four laft of which are now feldom met with having been moft of them converted into Guineas, chiefly during the Reigns of Charles II. and James II. See Gold

The Silver Cows are the Crown, Half Crown, Shillings and Sixpences. See Silver.

Copper Coins are Halfpennies and Farthings. See Copper.

Value and 'Proportions of the Englifh Coins.

Farthing.

Halfpenny. Shilling.

Half Crown; Crown.

120 240 960

The Jacobus

The Carolus,

or Laureat

25

S--&

Pound Ace. 1 r-\Guinea, or Piece.

4t&,

C O I

Denier, equal to J- of a Farthing Ster!. Double.

Liart. '.

Sol Parish equal to o : Livre, Ace. o :

240

lEcus, Crown




 * S

6

ors ■■ 3v'

'the Louis d'Or, or French Piftole, ivasfirft firuck at 10 Livres, but has fince rifen as high as 30. ^J its 'tis valued at iSs. Sterling.

Spanijh Coins.

In Spain, and the States depending thereon, the GoU Coin is the Piflole ; above which is the Double Piftole, and Piece of four Piftoles ; and under it the Half Piftole : to which mull be added the Caftillans of Gold. See Pistole.

The Silver Money are the Piaftre, or Piece of eight Reals, and its Diminutions ; as alfo the Ample Real, with i ts Diminution. See Real.

The Copper Coins are the Ochavos, or Octavos, which are of two Kinds, the one equal to four Maravedis, and ordina- rily call'd Quarta ; the other double this, and called double Quarta : laftly, the Maravedis. See Maravedis.

It muft be obferv'd, that in Spain they have new Money and old. The old, current in Sevil, Cadix, Andalufia, andfome other PlacSs, is worth 25 per Cent, more than the New, cur- rent at Madrid, Silhoa, St. Selaftian, &c. i. e. 100 Pounds old, is equal to 125 Pounds new. This difference is owing to their King Charles II. who in i<>88, to prevent the Ex- port of Money abroad, rais'd it 25 per Cent, which, howe- ver, he was only able to effeft in part 5 feveral Provinces flill retaining the antient Rate.

Value of the Spanilh Coins: Maravedis old, fomewhat above J of a Farthing Sterling. Quarta.

Oflavo, or double Quarta. /. 5. d.

Real, old Plata, equal to o : o : cij

8 iPieces of Eight, or Piaflre, 0:4:1! 32 I 4 iPiftole, o : 17 : C

34

156

In Scotland, by the Articles of the Union, 'tis appointed, that all the Coins be reduced to the Englifh, and the fame Accompts obferv'd throughout. Till then, the Scots had their Pounds, Shillings, and Pence, as in England; but their Pound was but twenty Pence Englifh, and the others in Pro- portion : Accordingly, their Mark was I3 T s. Scotch, current fn England. it i 3 J d. their Noble in proportion.

Befide thefe, they had their Tumoner Pence and Halt- pence • their Penny f r of that of England : befides bafe Money of Achifons, Babees, and Placks. The Bodle, £ of the Pence, | of the Achifon, \ of the Babee, and \ of the

Plack.

In 'Ireland, the Coins are as in England, viz. Shillings, Pence iSc. with this difference, that their Shilling, or Har- per, is' but equal to nine Pence Sterling ; whence their Pound is only > 4 of ours, or 1 5 s.

French Coins.

The only Gold Coin now current in France, is the Lewi- dore or Louis d'Or, with its Divifions, which are \ and \ 5 and its Multiples, which are the double and quadruple Louis. See Louis.

Till the Tear 1700, they had Gold Lys, and Ecus, or Crowns ; but they are now no more.

The Silver Coins are the Ecus, Crowns, or white Louis's, with their Diminutions, viz. ? and 3 5 and Pieces of ten Sols, and of fix. See Sol, and Crown.

The 'Billon Coins are of two Kinds; each called Sols; fome of 15 Deniers, others 21. To thefe may be added the De- niers current in the Lionmis, 'Provence, Dauphine, and other Parts. . . ,

Laftly, the Cooper Com is the Liatd, equal to three De- niers ; and is ordinarily called the Double.

Their general Value is as in the following Table : For Par- ticulars, fee the particular Heads.

tportuguefe Coins.

Thofe of Gold are the Milleray, or St. Stephen, and the Moeda d'Oro, or, as we call it, the Moidore ; which is properly their Piftole : above this are Doppio Moedas, or double Piftoles ; and quadruple Species equal to five Piftoles. See Moilore.

Their Silver Coins are the Cruzada ; Pataca, or Piece of Eight ; and the Vintain, whereof they have two forts, the one Silver, and the other Billon.

The Res is of Copper, which ferves 'em in Accompts, as the Maravedis does the Spaniards.

Res, or Rez, equal to | of a Farthing Sterling; Vintain. o|Cruzada. /• s. d.

Mimoeda,orHalf Piftole,equals o : 13 : 6 Moeda d'Oro, or Piftole, 1 -. 7:0

2 IDoppio Moeda, or double Pitt. 2 : 14 :

sul JDucat of fine Gold, 4:15:0

5o|2t 12?! JL

200' IO

r 0000 5001 25

Dutch Coins.

Thofe of Silver are Crowns, or Dollars, Ducatoons, Flo- rins, and Efchalins, each whereof has its Diminution. The Stiver, or common Shilling, is of Sillon ; the Duyt, and Penny of Copper.

Penny.

14

Duj

t.

' 6

4

Gros.

12

8

2

Stuy

72

48

12

6

236

160

40

20

708

480

120

«o


 * . s.

Stuyver, or Shilling common Scalin, or Shilling grofs 3,- (Florin, or Guilder,

d. is

7

10 1 3 [Poller, orDucatoon, 0:6:0

Flemifb Coins.

Thofe of Gold are Imperials, Rides, or Philips, Alberts, and Crowns.

Thofe of Silver are Philips, Rixdollars, Paragons, Sea- lines, and Gulden : And thofe of Copper, Patards.

Patard,