Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/393

 C L O

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CLO

vided by the Number of flriking Pins, fhall be the Quotient for the Pinion of Report and the Count- Wheel ; and this is in cafe the Pinion of Report behVd to the Arbor of the Pin- Wheel, which is commonly done.

An Example will make all plain : The Locking-Wheel

being 48, the Pinion of Report 8, the Pin-Wheel

8) 4^ (6. 78, the Striking-Pins are 15, and fo of the reft.

, ■ Note alfo, thar 78 divided by 15 gives 6, the

6)1$ ( r 3- Quotient of the Pinion of Report. As for the 6)60 ( ! °- Warning- Wheel and Flying- Wheel, it matters 6) 48 (8. little what Number they have ; their ufe being only to bridle the Rapidity of the Motion of the other Wheels.

The following Rules will be of good fervice in this Cal- culation.

1, To find how many Strokes a Clock fir ikes in. one turn of the Fufy, or 'Barrel. Asthc Turns of the great Wheel, or Fufy, are to the Days of the Clock's continuance ; fo is the number of Strokes in 24. Hours, viz. 1 56, to the Strokes of one Turn of the Fufy.

i. To find how many Days the Clock -will go. As the Strokes in 14 Hours are to thofe in one turn of the Fufy ; fo are the Turns of the Fufy to the Days of the Clock's going.

5. 'To find the Number of 'Turns of the Fufy, or Barrel. A< the Strokes in one turn of the Fufy are to thofe of 24 Hours ; fo is the Clock's continuance to the Turns of the Fufy, or great Wheel.

4. To fix the 'Pin of Report on the Spindle of the great Wheel- As the Number of Strokes in the Clock's continuance is to the Turns of the Fufy ; fo are the Strokes in 12 Hours, viz. 78, to the Quotient of the Pinion of Report, fix'd on the Arbor of the great Wheel.

5. 'To find the Strokes in the Clock's continuance. As 12 is to 78, fo are the Hours of the Clock's continuance to the Number of Strokes in that time.

To add Chimes to a piece of CLocK-Work, fee the Article Chimes.

CLOISTER, a Habitation furrounded with Walls, and inhabited by Canons and Religious. See Canon, £$c. 1- In a more general Senfe, Cloifier is us'd for a Monaftery of Religious of either Sex. See Monastery.

In a more reftrain'd Senle, Cloifier is us'd for the prin- xipal Part of a Regular Monaftery, confifting of a Square built around ; ordinarily, between the Church, the Chapter, and the Refectory ; and over which is the Dormitory. See Dormitory, lye.

The Cloifters ferv'd for feveral Purpofes in the antient Mo- nafteries. ift, Teter de Shis obferves, that it was here the Monks held their Leflures : The Lecture of Morality at the North fide, next the Church ; the School on the Weft, and the Chapter on the Eaft ; Spiritual Meditation, Cfc. being referv'd for the Church.

2)u Cangc concludes, that all thefe different Exercifes were perform 'd in the Cloifier it felf; but by miftake. The Church, the Chapter, and the School were not Parts of the Cloifier, but Buildings adjoining to it.

Lancfrem obferves, that the proper Ufe of the Cloifier was for the Monks to meet in, and converfe together, at cer- tain Hours of the Day.

The Form of the Cloifier was fquare ; and it had its Name, as being incios'd on its four Sides with Buildings.

Hence, in Architect ure, a Building is ftill laid to be in form of a Cloifier ; when there are Buildings on each of the four Sides of the Court.

CLOSE, in Heraldry, when any Bird, addicted to flight, is drawn in a Coat of Arms with its Wings clofe down about it, and not cither flying or difplay'd, i. e. in a (landing Pof- turc, they blazon it by the Word Clofe. See Vol. II it be flying, they call it Volant.

Clofe is not apply'd to the Peacock, Dunghill-Cock, (gc. in regard that is their ordinary pofture.

The Term Clofe is likewife us'd for the Barnacles, or Bits ft a Bridle, when not extended, as they are ufually bore.

It is alfo us'd for the Bearing of a Helmet, with the Vizor own : A Barnacle Clofe, a Helmet Clofe, &c. Close, in Mufick. See Cadence.

Close- Fights, a-board a Ship, are Bulk-heads put up fore and aft in the Ship, for the Men to (land behind in a clofe Engagement, and fire on the Enemy ; or if the Ship be boarded, to fcour the Decks.

CLOSET, is a Term in Heraldry, fignifying the half of
 * Bw. See Bar. ' * .• *

I he Bar ought to contain one fifth Part of the Efcutcheon, "s-theFeffe doth the third.

CLOTH, in Commerce, in its general Senfe, includes all iv f °f Stuff, wove or manufa'ctur'd on the Loom, whe- raer their Threads be of Wool, or Flax. See Stuff, Loom, W*Aymo, tSc.

a \V T m °.'- re "He'd the Warp, are extended lengthwife, from one

end of the Piece to the other ; the reft, called Woof, difpos'd a-crofs the firft, or breadth wife of the Piece. See Woof, and Warp.

Cloths are wove on the Loom as well as Linens, Druggets, Serges, Camelots, fgc, They are of various Qualities, fine, coarfe, ftrong, i£c. fome made of Wool of different Colours ; wove: others are wrought white, deftin'd to be dy'd in fear* let, black, blue, green, yellow, S?c.
 * . e. the Wools being dy'd and drefs'd, are either fpun, or

Their Widths and Lengths are various, according to the Places where they are manufactur'd. See Spinning, &'c.

The goodnefs of Cloth confifts in the following Circum* fiances, ift, In the Wool's being fine and well drefs'd. See Wool.

2d, In its being fpun equally; always obferving, however* that the Thread of the Warp be finer and better twifted than that of the Woof ;d, In the Cloth's being well wrought and beaten on the Loom, fo as to be every where equally clofe and compact. See Weaving.

4th, In the Wool's not being finer and better at one End of the Piece than in the reft. 5. In the Lifts being fuffici- ently ftrong, and of the fame Length with the Stuff; and that they confift of good Matter, as Wool, Oftrich Fea- thers, or the Hair of Danifh Dogs ; which laft is the beft. 6. In the Cloth's being well clcar'd of the Knots and other Imperfections. 7. In its being firft well fcour'd with good Fullers-Earth, then full'd with the beft white Soap, and wafli'd out in clear Water. 8. In the Hair, or Nap's being well drawn out with the Teazle, or Thiftlc, on the Pole, without being too much open'd. 9. In its being (horn clofe ; yet without laying the Ground or Thread bare. See Sheer- ing.

10. In its being well dy'd. See Dying.

11. In its not being ftretch'd, or pull'd farther than is ne- ceffury to fet it fquare, and bring it to its juft Length and Breadth. See Stretching.

12. In its only being prefs'd cold ; hot-prefling being an utter Enemy to Cloth. See Pressing.

Manufacturing of fine Cloths in white, for dying;

The beft Wools for the Purpofc are thofe of England and Spain ; efpecially thofe of Lincolnfhire, and Segovia.

To ufe them to the beft advantage ; when taken out of the Bales, they muft be fcour'd, by putting 'em in a Bath fomewhat more than luke-warm, compos'd of three Parts of fair Water, and one of Urine. After the Wool has continu'd long enough in the Bath to diffolvc and loofen the Greafe, it is taken out, drain'd, and wafli'd in a running Water : 'Tis known to be well fcour'd, when it feels dry to the touch, and has no fmell but the natural Smell of the Sheep.

In this ftate 'tis hung out to dry in the Shade ; the heat of the Sun being apr to make it harfh, and untraceable. When dry, 'tis beat with rods on Hurdles of Wood, or on Ropes, to clear out the Duft and groffer Filth : The more it is thus beat and clean'd, the more foft it becomes, and the better it fpins.

After beating, it is well pick'd, to clear the reft of the Filth, that had efcap'd the Rods.

'Tis now in a State to be oil'd, and carded on large Iron Cards, plac'd a-flope. The beft Oil for the Purpofe is Oil of Olives ; one fifth of which, at leaft, fliould be us'd for the Wool deftin'd for the Woof, and a ninth for that of the Warp.

'Tis now given out to the Spinners ; who firft card it on the Knee, with fmatl fine Cards; then fpin it on the Wheel : obferving to make the Thread of the Warp fmaller by one third than that of the Woof, and much clofer twifted; in order to this, the latter muft be fpun with the Band, or String open, and the former with it crofs'd.

The Thread thus fpun, reel'd, and made into Skeins, that deftin'd for the Woof is wound on Spools, /. e. on little Tubes, or pieces of Paper, or Rufhes, fo difpos'd as that they may be eafily put in the Eye of the Shuttle. That for the Warp is wound on a kind of Rochets, or large wooden Bobbins, to difpofe it for warping. See Shuttle, and Warping.

When warp'd, 'tis .ftiffen'd with Size ; whereof, that made of fhreds of Parchment is the. beft ; and when dry, is given to the Weavers, who mount it on the Loom.

The Warp being on the Loom, the Weavets, who are two to each Loom, one on each fide, tread at the fame time, alternately, on the fame Treddle ; i. e. now on the right Step, and now on the left, which raifes and lowers the Threads of the Warp equally ; between which they throw, tranfverfly, the Shuttle from the one to the other. And each time that the Shuttle is thrown, and fo a Thread of the Woof inferted within the Warp, they ftrike ir conjointly with the fame Frame wherein is faften'd the Comb, or Reed, be- tween whofe Teeth the Threads of the Warp are pafs'd ; repeating the Stroke as often as is neceiTary ; in fome Cloths no lefs than 12 or 15 times, viz. fix with the Warp open, and feven fhut. 1

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