Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/390

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CLE

ors, S£e< He has alfo the overfight of all Defaults and Mif. carriages of inferior Officers ; and fits in the Compting- Houfe with the fuperior Officers, viz. the Lord Steward, Treafurer, Comptroller, and Cofferer, for the correcting and rcdreffing things out of order. See Houshold, and Compt- iwg- Hoitje.

Clerk of the Kings great Wardrobe, is an Officer of the King's Houfe, that keepeth an Accompt, or Inventory in Writing, of all things belonging to the King's Wardrobe. See Wardrobe.

Clerk of the King's Silver ; is an Officer belonging to the Common Pleas ; to whom every Fine is brought, after it has been with the Cttjlos Srevium ; and by whom the Effect of the Writ of Covenant is enter'd into a Paper Book: and according to that Note, all the Fines of that Term are alio recorded in the Rolls of the Court. See Silver-C^o*. Clerk of the Market, is an Officer of the King's Houfe ; whofe Duty is to take charge of the King's Meafures, and to keep rhe Standards of them : that is, Examples of all the Meafures that ought to be us'd thro' the Land. See Standard. CLY.RK-Jlfar/bal of the King's Houfe, feems to be an Of- ficer that attends the Marfhal in his Court, and recordeth all his Proceedings.

Clerk of a Merchant Ship., is an Officer appointed to take care that nothing be fquander'd, or fpent needleily. See Ship.

He is oblig'd to keep a Regifier, or Journal, containing an exact Inventory of every thing in the Loading of the Vel- icl ; as the Rigging, Apparel, Anns, Provifion, Munition, Merchandifes : as alio the Names of the Paffengers, it there be any ; the Freight agreed on ; a Lift of the Crew ; their Age, Quality, Wages ; the Bargains, Purchafes, Sales, or Exchanges the Ship makes from its Departure 5 the Con- fumption of Provifion ; and in fhort, every thing relating to the Expence of the Voyage. He alfo rcgilters the Confu- tation of the Captains, Pilots, &c.

He alfo does the Office of a Regifier in all criminal Pro- ceffes 5 and of a Notary, to make and keep the Wills of thofe who die in the Voyage; takes Inventories of their Ef- fects, $$c. The Clerk is not allow'd to quit the VefTel during the Voyage, on Forfeiture of all his Wages, &e.

In fmall VefTels, the Mailer, or Pilot, does the Office of Clerk. Sec Master.

Clerk of the Nicbils, or Nihils, is an Officer in the Ex- chequer, that maketh a Roll of all fuch Sums as are nihiled by the Sheriffs upon their Eftreats of green Wax ; and deli- vers the fame into the Lord Treafurcr's Remembrancer's Office, to have Execution done upon them for the King. See Nihil.

Clerk of the Ordnance, is an Officer in the Tower; who rcgHiers all Orders relating to the King's Ordnance. See Ordnance.

Clerk of the Outlawries, is an Officer belonging to the Court of Common Pleas ; being a Deputy to the King's Attorney-General, for making out the Writs of Capias title- gatum, after Outlawry ; and the King's Attorney's Name is to every one of thofe Writs. See Outlawry.

Clerk of the 'Paper-Office, is an Officer of the King's Bench. See Paper-O^o?.

Clerk of the Parcels, an Officer of the Exchequer. See Exchequer.

Clerk of the Parliament, is he that recordeth all Things done in the Parliament 5 and engrofferh them fairly into Parchment Rolls, for their better keeping to Posterity. See Parliament.

Of thefe there are two, one of the higher, or Houfe of Lords ; and the other of the lower, or Houfe of Commons.

Clerk of the Patents, or Letters Patent under the Great Seal. See Patent.

Clerk of the Peace, is an Officer belonging to the Sef- fion of the Peace ; whofe Duty is at the Stffion to read the Indictments, to enroll the Acts, and draw the Procefs ; to enroll Proclamations of Rates for Servants Wages ; to enroll the Difcharge of Apprentices 5 to keep the Counterpart of the Indenture of Armour, &c. Alfo to certify in the King's- Bench Tranfcripts of Indictments, Outlawries, Attainders, and Conviiftions, had before the Juflices of the Peace within the Time limited by Statute. See Peace.

Clerk of the Pell, belongs to the Exchequer : His Bufi- nefs is, to enter the Teller's Bills into a Parchment Roll, call'd Pellis wceptorum ; and alfo to make another Roll of Payment, call'd Pellis exinium ; wherein he fets down by what Warrant the Money was paid. See Pell.

Clerks of the Petty Sag, is an Officer in Chancery, whereof there are three ; the Malter of the Rolls being their Chief. See Chancery.

Their Office is to record the Return of all Inquifitions out of every County ; all Liveries granted in the Court of Wards 5 al! Ofler les maims : to make all Patents of Cuftomers, Gau- gcrs, Comptrollers, and Aulnagers ; Summons's of the No- bility, Clergy, and Burgeffes to the Parliament ; Commiffi- ons directed to Knights and others, of every Shire, for railing 5

of Subsidies 5 Writs for nomination of Collectors for tV* Fifteenths ; and all Traverfes upon any Office, Bill, or other wife; and to receive the Money due to the King f or t u~ fame. See Petty-S^.

Clerk of the Pipe, belongs to the Exchequer- w Jj having all Accompts and Debts due to the King deliver M and drawn out of the Remembrancer's Office, chargeth them down into the great Roll : He alfo writes Summons's to the Sheriff, to levy the faid Debts upon the Goods and Chattel* of the faid Debtors ; and if there be no Goods, he draw* them down to the Lord Treafurer's Remembrancer, to write Eftreats againit their Lands. See Pive.

Clerk of the Pleas, is an Officer in the Exchequer i n whofe Office the Officers of the Court, upon fpecial Vtivh. leges belonging to them, ought to fue, and be fued upon any Action. See Plea. *

Clerks of the Privy-Seal. There are four of thefe Offi- cers, who attend the Lord Keeper of the Privy-Seal, or if there be none fuch, the principal Secretary ; and write or make out all Things fent by warrant from the Signet to the Privy-Seal, and to be pafs'd to the Great Seal : as alfo to make out Privy-Seals upon any fpecial Occafion of the Kino' s Affairs ; as for Loan of Money, or fuch-like. See Privy-^/

Clerk of the Se-wers, is an Officer belonging to the Com' miffioners of the Sewers, who writes down all Things they do by virtue of their Commiffion. See Sewer.

Clerk of the Signet, is an Officer continually attending on the King's principal Secretary ; who has cufiody of the Privy-Signet, as well for fealing the King's private Letters as for fuch Grants as pafs his Majefly's Hand by Bills fign'd. Of thefe there are four, who attend in their Turn, and have their Diet at the Secretary's Table. See Signet.

Clerk of the Superfedeas, is an Officer of the Court of Common Pleas, who makes out Writs of Superfedeas (upon the Defendant's appearing to the Exigent) whereby the Sheriff is forbid to return the Exigent. See Sup ersedeas.

Clerks of the T'reafiiry. See Treasury.

Clerk of the Ireafury, is alfo an Officer of the Common Pleas, who has charge of the Records of the Niji prius • the Fees due for all Searches; and hath the certifying of all Records into the King's-Bench, when a Writ of Error is brought : He alfo makes out all Writs of Saperfedeas de non Molefianda, which are granted for the Defendants while the Writ of Error hangeth : he alfo maketh all Exemplifi- cations of Records, being in the Treafury.

Clerk of the Warrants, is an Officer likewife belonging to the Court of Common Pleas, who enters all Warrants of Attorney for Plaintiff and Defendant: and enrolls all Deeds of Indentures of Bargain and Sale, which are acknowledge in the Court, or before any Judges out of the Court. See Warrant.

CLEROMANCY, a kind of Divination performed by the throwing of Dice, or little Bones; and obferving the Points, or Marks turn'd up. See Divination.

At Sura, a City of Achaia, was a Temple, and a cele- brated Oracle of Hercules ; where fuch as confulted the Oracle, after prayingto the Idol, threw four Dies, the Points whereof being well fcann'd by the Priefr, he was fuppos'd to draw an Anfwer from them. See Oracle, and Sortes.

The Word comes from the Greek kaii?©-, Lot, and ^cre/a, 'Divination.

CLIENT, Cliens, among the Romans, was a Citizen who put himfeif under the Protection of fome great Man, who in that Relation was call'd his Patron, Patronus. See Pa- tron.

The Patron affifted his Client with his Protection, Inte- rest and Eftate ; and the Client gave his Vote for his Patron, when he fought any Office for himfeif, or his Friends. Cli- ents ow'd refpect to their Patrons, as thefe reciprocally ow'd them their Protection.

This Right of Patronage was appointed by Romulus, to unite the Rich and Poor together, in fuch manner, as that one might live without Contempt, and the other without Envy. But the Condition of a Client, in courfe of Time, became little elfe but a moderate kind of Slavery.

By degrees, the Cuftom extended it felf -beyond Rom; and not only Families, but Cities, and entire Provinces, even out of Italy, follow'd the Example. Thus, Sicily, v.g. put • it felf under the Clientela, or Protection of Marcellus.

Lazim and Sudeus, refer the Origin of Fiefs and Tenures to the Patrons and Clients of antient Rome : But the Diffe- rence is pretty confiderable between the Relation of Vaf- fals and their Lords, and that of Clients and their Patrons. See Vassal, Lord, ££?c.

For the Clients, befide the Refpect they bore their Pa- trons, and the Vote they gave them, were oblig'd to affut them in all Affairs ; and even to pay their Ranforn, if they fhould be taken Prifoners in War, in cafe they were not able to do it of themfelves. See Fee, and Tenure,

The Word Cliens is form'd of Colens, honouring.

Client, is now us'd for a Party in a Law-Suit, who has turn'd over his Caufe into the Hands of a Counfellor, or Sol- licitor. CLI"