Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/388

 CLE ( 234 )

the Parts change and pafs thro' one another ; and which, in everv Note is higheft, loweft, or unifon.

The Ufe of particular Signd Clefs then, is an Improve- P™-1 taent with refpea to the Parts of any Composition; for un- _ Suppole. lefs fome one Key in the particular Syftems were diftln- guifti'd from the reft, and refcr'd invariably to one Fiace in {he Scale the Relations could not be diftinftly mark d.

It mutt here be obferv'd, that for the Performance of any Angle Piece, the Clef only ferves for explaining the Intervals in the Lines and Spaces : fo that we need not regard what Part of any greate'r Syftem it is ; but the firft Note may be taken as high or as low as we pleafe. For the proper Ufe ot the Scale is not to limit the ablolute Degree ot Tone; to the proper Ufe of the Signd Clef is not to limit the Pitch at which the firft Note of any Part is to be taken • but to determine the Tune of the reft with relation to the firft : And considering all the Parts together, to determine the Re- lations of their feveral Notes by the Relations of their Clejs in the Scale : Thus, the pitch of Tune being determine! in a certain Note of one Part; the other Notes of that lart are determin'd by the conflant Relations of the Letters ot the Scale, and the Notes of the other Parts by the Rela- tions of their Clefs. f

In effefl, for performing any finglc Part, the Lie] Note may be taken in any Oflave, i. e. at any Note of the fame Name, provided we do not go too high or too low for find- ing the reft of the Notes of a Song. But in a Concert of feveral Parts, all the Clefs mutt be taken, not only in the Relations, but alfo in the Places of the Syftem abovemen- tion'd ; that every Part may he comprehended in it.

The difference of Clefs in particular Syftems, makes the Praaice. of Mufick much more difficult and perplex'd than ir would otherwife be ; both with refpea to Inrtruments, and to the Voice. This occailon'd Mr. Salmon to propofe a Method of reducing all Mufick to one Clef; whereby the fame Writing of any Piece of Mufick, fhould equally ferve to ditea the Voice, and all Inftruments ; which he calls an Univerfal Character.

The Natural and Artificial Note exprefs d by the fame

Letter, as c and >£<; are both fet on the fame Line or Space. When there is no Charaaer of Flat or Sharp at the beginning with the Clef all the Notes are Natural : and if in any particular Place the Artificial Note be requir'd, 'tis fignify'd by the Sign of a Flat or Sharp fet on the Line a Space before that Note.

If a Sharp jr Flat be fet at the beginning in any Line or Space with the Clef all the Notes on that Line or Space are Artificial ones ; i. e. are to be taken a Semitone higher or ; ower than they would he without fuch Sign. The fame aflicfts all their (Xtaves above and below, tho they ben't ma'rk'd fo, In the Courfe of the Song, if the Natural Note

CLE

h

be fometimes requir'd, 'tis fignify'd by

The marking of the Syftem thus by Flats and Sharps, Mr. Malcolm calls the Signature of the Clefs. See Note, Tune, Transposition, Flat, Sharp, He.

CLEMENTINE, a Term in ufe among the Auguftins, who apply it to a Perfon, who after having been nine Years a Superior, ceafes to be fo, and becomes a private Monk, under the Command of a Superior.

The Word has its rife hence, that Pope Clement, by a Bull, prohibited any Superior among the Auguftins from continu- ing above nine Years in his Office.

Clementines, in the Canon Law, are the Conftitutions of Pope Clement V. and the Canons of the Council of Vi- enna. See Canon.

CLEPSYDRA, a kind of Water-Clock, or Hour-Glafs,. favine to meafure Time by the Fall of a certain quantity of according to their Spimua, but their Temporal Means Water See Clock, &. A Clergyman acknowledging a Statute, his Body (hall not

There have likewife been Clepfydras made with Mercury. be imprifon'd : If hi

The Egyptians by this Machine meafur'd the Courfe of the Sun. Tycho Srahe, in our Days, made ufe of it to meafure the Motion of the Stars, &c. and 'Dudley us'd the fame Contrivance in making all his Maritime Obfervations.

The Ufe of Clepfydras is very antient : They were in- vented in Egypt under the 'Ptolomys ; as were alfo Sun- Dials. Their Ufe was chiefly in the Winter ; Sun-Dials ferv'd in the Summer. They had two great DefeBs ; the one that the Water run out with a greater or lefs facility, as the Air was more or lefs denfe : The other, that the Wa- ter run out more readily ar the Beginning, than towards the Conclusion,

'd in each IDivifion of Time ; the 'Time wherein the whole, and that wherein any "Part is to be evacuated, being

v. g. a cylindric Veffel, whofe Charge of Water flows'out in twelve Hours, were required to be divided into Parts to be evacuated each Hour. I. As the part of Time I is to the whole Time 12, fo is the fame Time 12 to a fourth Proportional 144. 2. Divide the Altitude of tho.Veffcl into 144. equal Parts : Here, the laft will fall to the laft Hour; the three next above to the laft Part but one ; the five next to the tenth Hour, &c Laftly, the 13 laft to the firtt Hour.

For, fincc the Times increale in the Series of the Natural Numbers 1234 5, iSe. and the Altitudes, if the Numeration be in a retrograde Order from the twelfth Hour, increale in the Scries of the unequal Numbers I 3 J 7 p, i$c. the Alti- tudes computed from the twelfth Hour, wilt be as theSquarej of the Times 1 4 16 25, ES?c Therefore, the Square of the whole Time 144., comprehends all the Parts of the Altitude of the Veffel to be evacuated. But a third Proportional to 1 and ii is the Square of [2 ; and confequently it is the Number of equal Parts into which the Altitude is to be di- vided, to be distributed according to the Series of the unequal Numbers, thro' the equal Intervals of Hours.

Since, in lieu of Parts of the fame Veffel, other lefs Vcf- fels equal rhereto may be fubftiruted; the Altitude of a Veffel emptied in a given Space of Time being given, the Altitude of another Veffel to be emptied in a given Time may be found ; viz. by making the Altitudes as the Squares of the Times.

Hence we fee the Method of conftructing the Clepfydras us'd by the Antients. „,,-,,

CLERGY, Clems, the Affembly or Body of Clerks, or Ecclefiafticks. See Clerk.

In the Romifh Church there are two Kinds of Clergy; the one Regular, comprehending all the Religious of both Sexes: the other Secular, comprehending all the Ecclefiafticks that don't make the Monaftic Vows. See Regular, ci?c.

Among the Reformed, there are none but Secular Clergy. See Ecclesiastic.

The Roman Clergy forms a Monarchical State, under the Pope, who is the Head thereof. See Pope, Hierarchy,^. The Clergy was antiently divided into three Orders, viz. <Priefts, CDeacons, and injerior Clerks ; and each Order had its Chief: the Arch-Prieft was the Head of the firft Order, the Archdeacon of the fecond, and the Dean of the third. See Priest, Deacon, Archdeacon, Dean, Arch-Priest,^. Under the Name of Clergy, were alfo formerly compris'd all the Officers of Juftice ; as being fuppos'd to be Men of Letters. See Clerk. .#•',■

Tho the Clergy formerly claim d an Exemption from all Secular Turifdiaion, yet Matt. Paris tells us, William the Conqueror fubjeaed the Bifhops and Abbeys who held per Baroniam, and who rill then had been exempt from all Se- cular Service ; and order 'd they ftiould be no lorger free from Mortuary Services. To this purpofe he prefcrib'd arbi- trarily what Number of Soldiers every Abbey and Bifhoprick fhould provide, to ferve him and his Succeffors in War, and laid up thefe Regiflers of Ecclefiaftical Servitude in his Treafury.

But, in effea, the Clergy were not exempt from all Secu- lar Service till then; as being bound by the Laws of King Edgar to obey the Secular Magiftrate in three Things, viz. upon an Expedition to the Wars, and in contributing to the Building and Repairing of Bridges, f$c.

The Privileges of the EngUJh Clergy are ftill very con- siderable : Their Goods pay no Toll in Fairs or Markets; they are exempt from all Offices, but their own ; from the King's Carriages, Pofts, Sic. from appearing at Sheriffs l"ourns, or Frank-Pledges ; and are not to be find or amerc d

j be con vift of a Crime, for which the

Benefit of the Clergy is allow'd, he mall not be burnt in the Hand : and he (hall have the Benefit of the Clergy in infi- nitum, which no Layman can have but once.

The Clergy are not ro be burden'd in the general Charges with the Laity ; nor to be troubled or incumber'd, unlets ex- prefsly nam'd andcharg'd bv the Statute ; for general Words don't affea them. Thus, i'f a Hundred be fued for a Rob- bery, the Minifter /hail not contribute ; tho the Words are, Gentes demorantes : neither are they affefs'd to the High- way, to the Watch, £$c.

The Revenues of the Clergy were antiently more conli- derable then at prefent : Ethclwolbhm, ir. 18 5 j, save rt

M Ammtons has invented a Clepfydra free from both the Tithe of all Goods, and the Tenth of all the Lands _in

thefe Inconveniences, and which has the three grand Advan- England; free from all Secular Services, Taxes, &c. oe

taees of ferving the ordinary Purpofe of Clocks ; of ferving Tithe. ,. ,,

in Navigation for the Difcovery of the Longitude ; and of The Charter whereby this was given them, was confirm a

meafuri ftl 'he Motion of the Arteries. by feveral of his Succeffors,£^«»rf, Edgar, E!b / l " d 'W re t

The Word comes from **«/», cotido, and JJWf, aqua. and William theConqueror ; which lalt.finding theBiIhopricio

The Word Clepfydra is alfo us'd for an Hour-Glafs of Sand, fo rich, ereaed them all into Baronies ; each Barony con-

For the Conftrttdion of a Clepsydra. raining 13. Knights Fees, at leaft. But fince the R""™^

Problem. To divide any cylindric Veffel into 'Parts, to be