Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/373

 C I N

( 2 *£ )

C I N

M. Marhitt r denial the Bgarmntum Cilim to have any blue Subflance j whereas Quickfilver and Sulphur alone connection with the Cryftailme, or to fcrvc tor any purpofes produce a red.

thereof. See Vision

CIL1ARIS, in Anatomy, a Mufcle, othcrwife call'd Or- bicularis Palpebrarum. See Orbicularis.

C1MA, or Sima, in Architecture, a Member or Mould- ing, call'd alio Gula, and Cymatmm. See Gula, and Cv-

MATIUM.

CIM1ER, in the French Heraldry. See Crist.

CINCTURE, or CEINTURE, in Architcfture, a Ring, Lift, or Orlo, at the top and bottom of the Shaft of a Co- lumn; dividing the Shaft, at one end, from the Bate; and at the other from the Capital. See Shaft, Column, &c.

That at bottom is peculiatly call'd Apophyges ; as if the Pillar took its height hence : and that at top Colarin, or Collar. See Apophyges, and Colarin.

The CinHure is fuppos'd to be an Imitation of the Girts, or Ferrils, antiently us'd to ftrengthen and preferve the pri mitivc wooden Columns. See Order.

The Word, in its original French, fignifies Girdle ; of the Latin cittgo, I gird.

CINERATION, in Chymiftry, the redu3ion of Wood, or any other combuftible Matter into AjJjes, by means of fire. See Ashes, Calcination, &c.

This, others call Cwefaclion.

CINERES. See Ashes.

Cineres Clavellati, among Chymifts, are the Allies of an d white as Tall Tartar, or the Lees ot Wine burnt. See Tartar

The Word comes from the Greek ««%«, the fmell of Goals ; by reafon, fays Metthiolus, in digging a kind of Mineral Cinnabar, it yields fo itrong a Scent, that the Diggers are oblig'd to Hop their Noftrils.

The Chymifts prepare other Kinds of Artificial Cinna- bar ; as,

Cinnabar of Antimony, a Competition of Mercury, com- mon Sulphur, and crude Antimony fublimed. See Antimony.

It is held a Diaphoretic, and Alterative; and is us'd in Scrophulous and other chronic Cafes.

CINNAMON, an agreeable aromatic Spice, furnifh'd by the Eaft-Indies. See Spice.

Cinnamon is allow'd to be the Balk of a Tree, growing in the Iflands of Ceylon, Java, and in Malabar.

The Cinnamon Tree, call'd by the Natives Cornnda Gauhah, grows in Woods, like other Trees; and is but lit- tle regarded by 'em. It never grows high : Its Leaves re- ferable thofe of the Laurel, both as to Subftance, and Co- lour. When they (irft begin to open, they are red as Scar- let ; and if rubb'd between the Hands, yield an Odour more like that of Cloves than of Cinnamon. The Fruit refembles an Acorn, or Olive ; and has neither the Smell nor Tatte of the Bark. When boil'd in Water, it yields an Oil, which, as it cools and hardens, becomes as firm ow. Its Smell is agreeable, and they make Candles of it, which are only allow'd to be burnt-in the King's Palace. The Wood is of no Virtue at all.

The chief Virtue of the Cinnamon Tree is in its Bark ; which, when green, appears to be double : its exterior Sur- face being grayifti, and the inner of the common Cinnamon Colour.

'Tis then divifible into two Barks of different Colours ; butthefe drying together, become infeparable, and pals for the fame Bark ; the grayifh Colour changing in propor- tion as it dries.

When the Cinnamon is frefh taken from the Tree, 'tis flat, has little Tafte, Smell, or Colour; but it twifts or con- volves, as it dries, in form of a Stick, or Cane: whence the French call it Cannelle.

By thus exhaling its fuperfluous Humidity, it acquires a fweet brifi Smell, and a ftiarp pungent Tafte. 'Tis faid, that after the Tree has been ftripp'd of its Bark, in three

CINERITIOUS, a Term apply'd to Things refembling Allies ; particularly in point of Colour and Confiftence.

Thus, the Cortical Part of the Brain, is alfo call'd rhe Cineritious Part. See Cortical.

CINNABAR, or CINOPER, in Natural Hiftory, a Mi- neral Stone, red, heavy, and briilant ; found chiefly in the Quickfilver Mines ; call'd alfo Vermilion. See Fossil, and Mercury.

Many, with good reafon, cfteem this the Minium of the Antients ; tho a very different thing from the modern Minium. See Minium.

The ordinary Vermilion it felf, is nothing elfe but Cin- nabar ground up with Spirit of Wine and Urine. See Ver- milion.

Some have imagin'd Cinnabar to be Dragons-Blood, ga- cher'd, as <Pliny and Solinus have it, when the Dragon

and Elephant fight together : This Fable is refuted by Years it forms a new one, which is as good as the firft UJwfiondes and Scahger. See Dragons-Blood. but this is not very probable.

Cinnabar is either Native, or FatJmous. Some hold, that the fmall Branches of the fame Tree

The Native, or Mineral Cinnabar, or Vermilion, which ma ke the Caffia ; but that muft be a Miftake. See Cassia, is that abovemention d, is found in moft Places where there The Natives draw from the Roots of the Tree a Li- are Quickfilver Mines ; yet, 'tis true alfo, that it has Mines quor, very much refembling Camphor. its own : thofe in Spain are very famous ; the French too Cinnamon, to be good, muft ha've a brifls agreeable Tafte, have theirs, in Normandy. a „d a bright brown Colour. Its Qualities are, to heat and

It may be efteem'd as Marcaflite of Quickfilver, or ra- dry ; to promote the Menfes, to fortify the Spirits, and to ther, as Quickfilver petrify'd and fix'd, by means of Sul- help Digeftion : but its chief Ufe, in Medicine, is as an phur, and a Wbterraneous Heat : Chymiftry being found to Aftringent ; with which Intention it is prefcrib'd in Diar- reduce it without much trouble or lofs, to the Nature of rhras, and Weaknefles of the Stomach. Mercury. Each Pound of good Cinnabar yields fourteen The Cinnamon of the Antients was different from that Ounces of Mercury. Accordingly, the principal Property of the Moderns ; they diftinguifh'd five Kinds of Cinna* and Uleof this Mineral, is to yield a moft excellent Mer- mm: tie Mofylitique ; Cinnamon of the Mountain; black cury ; and that which the Alchymifts maintain to be the and branch' i Cinnamon ; another white and fpongeous ; beft difpos d for attaining to the Tranfmutation of Gold. and a fifth of lefs value, reddifh, and of a ftrong fmell :

The beft Mineral Cinnabar is of a high Colour, briilant, as alfo a baftard Cinnamon, call'd Zingiber : This laft Spe- and free from the Stone. _ cies was antiently in very high efteem, but is now no longer

It is us'd by Phyficians in Venereal Cafes, and others, known. See Zinziber. occafion'd by fharp Serofities. It's alfo efteem'd a good Ce- They extract an Oil from Cinnamon, call'd its EfTence, phalic, and accounted of fervice in Epilepfies, and other or Quinteflence, which is an excellent Cardiac : the man- nervous Diftempets : Add, that it is reckon 'd of efficacy in ner of preparing it, is faid to be a Secret known only to the cutaneous Cafes, as the Scurvy. Dutch. The common Cinnamon is often adulterated with

Factitious, or Artificial Cinnabar, or Vermilion, is form'd that out of which this Effence has been extracted, of a Mixture of Mercury and Sulphur, fublimed, and thus Cinnamon, by means of Fire, fumilhes Waters, Extracts, reduced into a kind of Stone. and Salts; outof which are compoundedSyrups, andPaftils,

together with an Effence, tha*

The beft is of a high Colour, full of Fibres, like Needles, call'd Oleo Sacchar.

^the Method of preparing Factitious Cinnabar is thus. They take three Ounces of Sulphur, and four of Quick- filver ; thefe being well mix'd, are fet on the Fire, till part of the Sulphur be confum'd, and the Pouder remain black. 'Tis then fublim'd once or twice in cien Pots ; at bottom of which remains the Cinnabar, very heavy, and

ferves to turn all manner of Wines, white and red, into Hypocras.

Cinnamon Water, is made by diftilling the Bark, (firft infus'd in Barley- Water) in Spirit of Wine, or Whitewine* See Water.

Aft the Cinnamon confum'd in Europe, comes from the

ftruak'd with Lines, or Needles; fome red, others briilant, Dutch; who have got the whole Commerce thereof in

like Silver. their own Hands, by becoming Mafters of the Ifte of Cey-

This ferves for the fame medicinal Purpofes with the Ion, and deftroying all the other Cinnamon Trees about

Native Cinnabar : betides which, 'tis likewife us'd by the the Kingdom of Cochin.

Farriers, to make Pills for their Horfes; and by Painters, Clove Cinnamon, is alfo the Bark of a Tree growing in

Colour : it being a very vivid red ; but drying with Srajil and Madagafcar ; where it is known under "the

Name of Ravendfara. The 'Portuguese call it Cravo ds

fome difficulty.

Cinnabar, or Vermilion, is render'd more beautiful by grinding it with Gum-Water and a little Saffron : thofe two Drugs preventing its growing black. See Vermi- lion.

There is likewife a bine Cinnabar, made by mixing two Parts of Sulphur with three of Quickfilver, and one of Sal Ammoniac

Marenhan.

This Bark, pulveriz'd, is fometimes fubftituted for- real C/oo«,tho far fhort of 'em in refpecr of Quality. See Cloves. Saffafras, or Saxafras, is Ibmetimes alfo call'd Cinnamon- Wood. See Sassafras.

White Cinnamon, which fome call Coflus Cortiais, or thefe being fublimed, produce a beautiful Corticofiis, or Cortex Winteri, Winter's Bark, from tha

Perfon's