Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/372

CIC (218) CIL Chymistry to Newtonianism, and accounted for the Reasons of he Operations on Mechanical Principles.

CHYMOSIS, in Medicine, the £St of making or pre- paring Chyme. See Chyme i. M '-i

Chymofis is particularly us d for the fecond of the U>n- coaions made in the Body ; being a repeated Preparation or the molt impure and grofs Parts of the Chyle, which being turn'd back by the Lacteals, is imbib'd by the Me- feraics, and thence carry 'd to the Liver, to be there elabo- rated, purify'd, and fubtiliz'd afrefh. See Concoction.

Ti/of this, according to R(gers, that the Animal Spirits are form'd. . - _

The Word comes from jfffw*, fuccus, ot #w, jundo, 1

Chymosis, or Chemosis, is alfo us'd in Medicine, for an Inflammation of the Eyelids, which turns out their infide to fight.

The Word comes from the Greek v&na, bifco.

CICATRICULA, in Natural Hiftory, a little whitifh Speck, in the Coat of the "Yolk of an Egg ; wherein the firft Changes appear towards the Formation of the Chick. See Yolk.

The Cicatricula is what is commonly call'd the Treadle of the Egg. See Egg.

CICATRISIVE, in Medicine, is apply'd to fuch Medi- cines as are very Dcficcative; and on that account aid Na- ture to tepair the Skin, and to form a Cicatrix, or Efchar. See Cicatrix.

Such are Armenian Bole, Pouder of Tutty, the Unguent "Diapompholigus, deficcativum Rubrum, &c.

Cicatnftve Medicines are otherwife call'd Efcharotics, Epuloticks, Incarnativcs, Aggluti?iants, &c. See Epulo-

TIC, EsCHAROTIC, INCARNATIVE, &C.

CICATRIX, in Medicine, &c. a little Seam, or Eleva- tion of callous Flefh, rifing on the Skin, and remaining there after rhc healing of a Wound, &>c. ordinarily call'd a Scar, or Efchar. See Eschar, Wounh, &c.

The Cicatrix is the fame as to the joining of the flelny Parts, as a Callus is to the Bones. See Callus.

In young Infants, thefe Caliofities, or Scars, fometimes much diminish, and oftentimes quite vanifh when come to Age, as is particularly obferv'd in the Pits of the Small- Pox : and, in growing, they are fometimes obferv'd to change their Situation.

Some derive the Word from quafi circa cutem : others fetch Cicatrix from quafi ' Occtcatrix, the Cicatrix being only obdiltlio vulneris, the covering up, « hiding of the Wound : but 'tis better deriv'd from Cicatrix, which has the fame force ; of the Verb Ctecare, to blind.

CICUTA, a vegetable Poifon, celebrated both among Antients and Moderns. See Poison.

The modern Cicuta is the Plant Hemlock ; whereof there are two Kinds : the Cicuta, abfolutely fo call'd, or Cicuta major ; and Cicuta minor.

The firlt grows in Places a little moift, in the Shade, among old Ruins, or along Roads.

So many unhappy Effects have been perceiv'd from it, that its Ufe, internally, is by no means to be recommend- ed : And yet fomc Perfons boaft of it as a powerful Sudo- rific Externally it may be apply'd, to refolve Wens, and Hardncfles of the Spleen and Liver. It is the Bale of the Plaifter which bears its Name.

The Phyficians have generally rank'd it among the cold Poifons ; but the later Writers, with more iuftnefs, regard it as a Diflolvent, or hot Poifon. The Reafons they give, as related by I'Vepfer, are, that it bites the Tongue ; that the Effluvia it yields are hot, and arife from a volatile Salt, and an impure Sulphur ; that the Madnels it occafions, as well as the other Sympoms, /hew a great activity of Parts; and that if the Blood be found coagulated by it after Death, Spirit of Wine does the fame.

The lejfer Cicuta is not lefs dangerous than the greater $ it is ever fuppos'd more violent, as well as more hafty in its Operation.

Several Perfons have been render'd foolifh, by eating Porridge wherein Cicuta has been us'd inftead of Parity. It has much fuch an Enmity to the Brain, as Cantharides have to the Bladder 5 and Ltfpus Marinm to the Lungs.

The Cicuta of the Antients, is a Secret which is now fcarce poffible to be difcover'd : it was call'd Cicuta Aqua- tica, and was of the Umbelliferous Tribe. Wcpfer, in an exprefs Treatife on the Subject, will have it the Shim E- rucif folio C. %.

Cicuta is alfo us'd, chiefly, among the Antients, for a Juice, or Liquor, cxprefs'd from the Plant Cicuta. This Cicuta was the common Poifon wherewith their State-Cri- minals were put to death : Socrates drank the Cicuta.

'Plato, in his Dialogue on the Immortality of the Soul, obfetves, that ' The Executioner advis'd Socrates not to M. 'Petit, in his Obfervationes Mifcella?ze£, remarks, that this Advcrtifcment was not given by the Executioner out
 * talk, for fear of caufing the. Cicuta to operate too flowly.'

of Humanity, but to fave the Cicuta : for he Was only at law'd fo much per Ann. which if he exceeded, he was to furnifh at his ownExpence. This Conduction is confirm \{ by a Paffage in 'Plutarch ; The Executioner who admi- niiter'd the Cicuta to Phocion, not haying enough, Phvci- on gave him Money to buy more 5 obferving, by the way s that it was odd enough, that at Athens a Man muft pay for every thing, even his own Death.

CIDER, a brifk, tarr, cool Liquor, prepar'd from Apples. I'he Manner of ?naking Ci»er is as follows.

The Fruit is firlt ground, or ftamp'd, and the juice fqueez'd out in a Prefs ; then 'tis Itrain'd thro' a Sieve, or other Fiitre, and tunn'd up : the Veffel not to be full. For two or three Days it is to be ftopp'd loofely, then quite clos'd with" Clay. Henceforward, a final! Quantity to be drawn out every Day for fome Weeks, till fuch time as it be fupj-os'd pretty clear ; then 'tis piere'd, to fee how fine it is : the Summer Fruit afrera Month j the Gennet-Moil, after the firft Frofts; the Redltreak not till after January 5 and the other Winter Fruits about the fame time.

If it ben't now found fine enough, it ftands a Month longer ; and if even then it be defective, 'tis rack'd oft" like Wine, fo as to keep out the Air.

Some, inftead of racking, fine it with Ifing-glafs, ftecp'd in Whitewine, and diffolv'd over the Fire 5 this they boil in a quantity of the Liquor to be fined, and then mix it with the reft : and others, inftead of diltolving the Ifing- glafs over the Fire, let it ileep in the Whitewine for about a Month, in which time it difTolves into a Gelly of it felf: a quantity of this is mix'd with fome of the Liquor, and the whole beat to a froth j then mingled, together with fome Broom, with the reft. The Liquor once fine, 'tis drawn our, or bottled off, as occafion requires. See Cla- rifying.

'Tis obferv'd, that a Mixture of Fruits is a great Ad- vantage to Cider 5 the worft Apples, mix'd together, mak- ing as good Cider as the bell alone : always obferving, how- ever that they be of equal ripenefs.

The belt Mixture, according to Mr. Worlidge, is that of Redftreaks with Golden-Rennets : Bitter Apples fpoil the Cider ; but the Juice of them and of Crabs, yield as good Spirits as the belt Apples, when fermented : neither the four nor the bitter Tafte arifing with the Spirit upon Dif- tillation.

If the Apples be pounded in a Stone Mortar, which is the Cuftom of fome, the Kernels and Stalks are bruis'd with them, which gives the Liquor an ill Savour.

CIDERKIN, or Purre, is a Liquor made of the Murk, or grofs Matter remaining after the Cider is prefs'd out.

For this purpofe, the Murk is put up in a large Fat, with a proper Quantity of boil'd Water, which has ftood till it be cold again : if half the Quantity of Water be us'd that there was of Cider, 'twill be good 5 if the Quantities be equal, the Ciderkin will be fmall. The whole is left to infufe forty eight Hours, then well prefs'd ; What is fqueez'd out by the Prefs is immediately tunn'd up and ftopp'd 5 'tis fit to drink in a few Days.

It clarifies of it felf, and ferves in Families inftead of Small Beer. It will keep, if boil'd after preflure, with a convenient quantity of Hops.

CILIA, in Anatomy, the Hairs wherewith the Palpe- br<£, or Eyelids arc fring'd ; efpecially the Upper, which is larger and ftiffer ihan that of the Under. See Palpebra.

Their Ufe feems to be, to break the too fierce Impre£ fion of the Rays of Light 5 as alfo to keep out Flies and Moats, and other Things floating in the Air, which might annoy the Eye.

Thefe Cilia fpring from a fmall row of Glands, which cover a thin tender Cartilage, edging each Eyelid, and ferv- ing as a kind of Rod, or Ring to ftretch 'em upon.

CILIARE, in Anatomy, an Epithet given to a Part of the Eye, call'd Liga7?ientmn Ciliare ; becaufe of its refem- bling the Cilinm, or Hair of the Eyelids. See Ligament.

The Ligamenttt7n Ciliare, call'd alfo Proceffus CiliartU confifts of a range of black Fibres difpos'd circularly 5 hav- ing their rife in the inner Part of the Uvea, and terminat- ing in the prominent Part of the Cryltalline, which they incompafs round.

Anatomifts generally imagine their Ufe to be to fufpend the Cryftalline in the Globe of ihe Eye, to lengthen or fhorten its Figure, and bring it nearer to or further from the Uvea ; and even to open or contract the Pupil as occa- fion require-, i. e. as near or remore Objects, obfeure or bright Objects are to be view'd. See Crystalline, and Pupil.

The Motion of the Pupil, fome fay, is effected by the circular and ftrait Fibres of the Uvea ; others attribute it to the Ciliary Ligament : yet, I have no great douht, but they both concur in the fame Action 5 and that the Lig&- mentum Ciliare doth, at the fame time the Pupil opens or fruits, dilate or com prefs the Cryftalline, and bring it near- er, or carry it farther o& the Retina. tDerbam Phjf 'theol.

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