Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/369

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M. GodeaU thinks, the Chryfargyrum was a general Tri- bute, levied every four Years, on Perfons of all Conditions, Rich and Poor, Skives and Freemen; nay, even on all Ani- mals, as low as Dogs; for each whereof they paid fix Oboli.

Huffman fays, it was paid in Gold and Silver 5 whence its Name yjw©, Gold, and asyjf'Q-, Silver.

CHRYSOBERIL, a precious Stone ; being a kind of pale Beril, with a Tincture of yellow. See Beril.

CHRYSOCOLLA, a Mineral us'd in the foldering of Gold, £yC. whence its Name. Sec Gold, Soldering, &c.

It is found in Mines of Gold, Silver, Copper, and Lead : Its Colour is various, according to that of the Matter in which it is found 5 yellow if among Gold, white in Silver, green in Copper, and black in Lead. The Arabs, and In- habitants of Guzuratte, call it Tincar, or "\tincal : In Eu- rope, where 'tis found in various Places, 'tis confounded with the common Bsrax.

The beft is that which is green, like an Emerald, found among Copper : that found among the other Metals is too much wafh'd.

Some reckon the Chryfccolla a Species of Nitre.

The Phyficians ufe it in the Cure of Wounds : Some make an Artificial Chryfccolla, by mixing a little of the Na- tural, fteep'd in Water, with Wood.

The Term is form'd of the Greek %$v<r& t Gold, and 7ffihh.it, Glue. See Borax.

Chrysocolla is alfo the Name of a fort of precious Stone, mention'd by 'Pliny, L, xxxvii. cap. 10. who alfo calls it Jmphitanus : He defcribes it as of a Gold Colour, and the Figure of a Square ; adding, that it has the Vir- tue of attracting Iron, and even Gold.

But this, in all probability, is fabulous ; and the Stone he fpeaks of is apparently no other than the Chrysolite.

CHRYSOLITE, a precious Stone of a yellow Colour. See Precious Stone.

The Chryjblite is the Topaz of the Moderns, See Topaz.

Chrysolite is alio a geneiicalNamc which the Antients gave to all precious Stones, wherein the yellow, or gold, was the prevailing Colour.

When the Stone was green, they call'd it Chryfoprafin : the red and blue too had their particular Denominations, which exprefi'd their Colour 5 the Gold being lignify'd by Chryfo ; which Hill began the Name.

We know but few of thefe Chryfolites now ; or rather, they are refcrr'd to the Species of Stones which they ap- proach the neareft ; the green to the Emerald, the red to the Ruby ; and fo of the rett.

CHRYSTAL. p r Crystal.

CHRYSTALLINE. \ See ^Crystalline.

CHRSTALL1Z/VTION. 3 < Crystallization.

Chrystal Mineral, the fame as Sal 'Prunella. See Prunella.

CHUPMESSAHITES, a Seft among the Mahometans, who believe that Jefus Chriit is God, and the true Mef- fiah, the Redeemer of the World ; but without rendring him any publick or dcclar'd Worlhip.

Ricaiit fays, there are abundance of thefe Chupmeffa- h'ttes among the People of fafhion in T-urky, and fome even in the Seraglio.

The Word, in the TurkiJJj Language, fignifies Protec- tor of the Chriftlans.

CHURCH, the Affembly of Perfons united by the Pro- fjffion of the fame ChriiHan Faith, and the Participation of the fame Sacraments.

Sellarmm, and the Romijb Divines, to this Definition add, Under the fame Pope, fovereign Pontiff, and Vicar of Jefus Cbrifi on Earth : in which Circumftance it is that the Romijb and Reformed Notion of Church differ.

Amclotte, and others, make a vifible Head, or Chief, ef- fential to a Church : Accordingly, among the Catholics, the Pope ; in England the King, are refpeclively allow'd Heads of the Church. The BiJhop of Salisbury fets afide the Notion of a vifible Head : Chriit alone, according to him, is Head of the Church ; which Pofition he has maintain^ with infinite Addrcfs, in a celebrated Sermon before the King on thofe Words of our Saviour, My King- dom is not of this World 5 and in the feveral Vindications thereof.

Sometimes, we confider Church in a more extenfive Scnfe, and divide it into feveral Branches.

The Church Militant is the Affembly of Faithful on Earth; Church ."Triumphant, that of the Faithful already in Glory : to which the Catholics add the Church Patient, that of the Faithful in Purgatory.

The Term Ecclejia, utxMaftt, fynonymous with our Church, is us'd in the Greek, and Latin profane Authors for any kind of publick Affembly j and even for the Place where the AfPjmbly is held.

The Sacred and Ecclefiaflical Writers fometimes alfo ufe it in the fame Senfe ; but ordinarily reftrain the Term to the Cbrifiians; as the Term Synagogue, which originally

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fignifies nearly the fame thing, is in like manner reftrain'd to the yews. See Synagogue.

Thus, in the New Teftament, the Greek !um>« figni- fies almoft always, either the Place deftin'd for Prayer as i Cor. xi. 14. or the Affembly of the Faithful diffus'd over the whole Earth, as Efhef. v. or the Faithful of a particu- lar City, or Province, as i Cor. viii. ,, z. or even of a fingle Family, as Rom. xvi. or the Pallors or Minifters of* Church, as Matt, xviii. 17.

The Chriflian Church is frequently divided into Greek and Latin.

Greek, or Eaflem Church, comprehends the Churches of all the Countries antiently fubject to the Greek, or Eaf- tern Empire ; and thro' which their Language was carry 'd, l-e. all the Space extended from Greece to Mefopotamia and Perfta, and thence into Egypt; which has been divided ever fince the Time of the Emperor Photius, from the Roman Church. See Greek Church.

Latin, or Weflem Church, comprehends all the Chur- ches of Italy, France, Spain, Africa, the North, and all other Countries whither the Romans carry 'd their Language.

Great "Britain, part of the Netherlands, of Germany, and of the North, have been feparated hence ever fince the T-ime ofHcnry V1I1. and conftitute what we call the Re- ported Church, and what the Romanics call the Weflem Schifm ; as the Greek Church does the Eaflem one.

The Reformed Church is againdivided into the Luthe- ran Church, the Calvinifl Church, the Church of Eng- land, Sic. See Lutheranism, Calvinism, E?c.

Church is alfo us'd for a Temple, built and confecrated to the Honour of God ; and, antiently, under the Invoca- tion of fome particular Saint, whofe Name it aflum'd. See Temple; fee alfo Consecration, t*?c.

In this Senfe, Churches are variouily denominated, accor- ding to their Rank, Degree, Difcipline, fie. as Metropoli- tan Church, 'Patriarchal Church, Cathedral Church, 'Pa- rochial Church, Cardinal Church, Sec. See each under its proper Article, Metropolis, Patriarch, Cathedral, Parochial, Cardinal, tic.

In Ecclefiaflical Writers, we meet with Grand Church, for the chief Church of a Place ; particularly in the Greek Liturgy, for the Church S. Sophia at Conftautinofle, the See of the Patriarch, founded by Conftantine, and confecra- ted under Jllflinian : It was at that time fo magnificent, that Jnftinian is faid to have cry'd out in the Confecration thereof eriiuWa-e SoAo^aV, I have out-done thee, Solomon. The Dome, which is faid to have been the firft that was built, is 330 Foot Diameter. See Dome.

The firft Church publickly built by the Chriftians, fome Authors maintain to be that of S. Saviour at Rome; found- ed by Conflantine : others contend, that feveral Churches ■ abroad, call'd by the Name of S. Peter Vivus, were built in honour of that Apoftle during his Lifetime.

Mother Church, Matrix Ecclejia. See Matrix, and Mother.

Church, with regard to Architecture, 'Daviler defines a large Veflel extended in length, with Nave, Choir, Ifles, Chapel, Belfry, tic. Sec each Part under its proper Head, Nave, Choir, Chapel, tic.

A Jimple Church, he calls that which has only a Nave and a Choir ; a Church with Ifles, that which has a row of Porticos, in form of vaulted Galleries with Chapels in its Pourtour.

Church in a Greek Crofs, that where the Length of the Crofs is equal to that of the Nave ; fo called, becaufe moft of the Greek Croffes are built in this form. Church in a Latin Crofs, that whofe Nave is longer than the Crofs, as moft of the Gothic Churches. Church in Rotondo, that whofe Plan is a perfect Circle, in Imitation of the Pantheon. See Rotondo, tic.

For the Form of the antient Greek Churches, when they had all their Parts, it was as follows: Firtt was a Porch, or Portico, call'd the vaunt Nave, nriJnQr, adorn'd with Co- lumns on the outfide, and on the infide furrounded with a Wall 5 in the middle whereof was a Door, thro' which they pafs'd into a fecond Portico. The firlt of thefe Porticos was deftin'd for the Energumenes, and Penitents in the firft Stage of their Repentance ; the fecond was much longer, deftin'd for Penitents of the fecond Clafs, and the Catechu- mens, and hence call'd m^.g, Ferula; becaufe thofe plac'd in it began to be fubject to the Difcipline of the Church. Thefe two Porticos took up about one third of the fpace of the whole Church.

From the fecond Portico, they pafs'd into the Nave, mk, which took up near another third of the Church. In the middle, or at one fide of the Nave, was the Amho, where the Deacons and Priefts read the Gofpel and preach'd. See Ambo. The Nave was deftin'd for the Reception of the People, who here affiited at Prayers.

Near rhe Entrance of this was the Saptiftery, or Font. See Baptistery.

Beyond