Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/366

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Acrimony is confiderable, it fometimes gives rife to unnatural Ereflions, orthcSymptomcall'daPriapitm. SeeFRiApiSM.

If the Chordce be violent, or docs not decreafe proportio- nally to the other Symptoms in Gonorrhaas, an Emetic ot Turpeth Mineral is ufually siven with fuccefs 5 it cauhng a Revulfion from the Part. See Venereal "Difeafe.

CHOREA Santti Viti, in Medicine, aDiftemper which fomc Authors reckon as an hyllerical Cafe; and others a Species of a Furor Uterivus-

It is fuppos'd to proceed from a Turgency and Reple- tion of hot Juices, especially in the Uterine Veffels, which raifes violent Motions; and that only Females are affefted by it : But Dr. Sydenham more properly obferves it to be an univerfal Convulfion, which fometimes continues feveral Weeks, nay Months, without intermiffion.

Thofe affected with this Difeafe, are continually in flrange Motions with their Head, Legs, and Anns 5 fo that they ate unfit to f:ed themfelves. It differs from other Convul- fions, in that the Motions are not painful, nor any of the Extremities or Parts forcibly contracted, or extended for any time. Boys and Giris are moll fubjefl to this Difeafe, and that from ten Years of Age to Puberty; tho the latter oftner than the former.

It fometimes precedes the firft Eruption of the Menfes; in which Cafe, proper Cathartics, with Calomel and De- obftruents, are generally us'd 5 otherwife, Evacuations and Antiepileptics, as in other nervous Diftempers.

It takes the Name of Chorea Santli Viti, or Saint Vi- ms'* Dance, from the Chapel of S. Vitus; becaufe it was fuppos'd to feize Petfons about May, which was the Time of the Tear they vifited that Chapel, and to make them leap and dance about in a flrange manner.

CHOREPISCOPUS, an Epifcopal Officer in the antient Church, about whofc Function the Learned are extremely divided. Sec Bishop.

M. de la Roijue thinks, that the Cborepifcopi wetc the Country Bifliops, and had the fame Authority in Villages, that the Bifhops had in Cities; but that, by degrees, as the Church flourifh'd, the Country Bifliops grew too proud for the Country Life; and imagin'd the Epifcopal Honour debas'd, and render'd contemptible in a Rural Retreat. Accordingly, the Sardic Council prohibited the Confecra- tion of Bifhops in the Country, or in little Towns; that the Epifcopal CharaSer might always be fuftain'd by the Splendor of great Cities.

M. du Sois adds, that tho the Cborepifcopi exercis'd moll of the Epifcopal Fundions in Country Towns, pc. yet they were not ordain'd like Bifliops, nor vefled with their whole Authority, but were only a ftep above mere Priefls.

M. le Maitre is of Opinion, that the Office of a Chorepif- copus, which is that now difcharg'd by the Rural Deans, was to overlook, under the Bifliops, thofe Parifhcs that were at a difiance from the See in the Country. He adds, they were abolifli'd, by reafon they ufurp'd the Authority of the Bifliops. See Rural 29cot.

Others, again, fay, the Chorepifcofi were properly what we now call°Bifliops in partibus; to whom, in quality of Suffragans, were committed the Adminifiration of Diocef- fes, during the Bifhop's abfence. See Suffraoan.

Others 'rather think, the Inftitution of Cborepifcopi gave occafion to that of the Epifcopi in partibus; which laft, however, have Privileges the others had nor.

Laftly, others take the Cborepifcopi to be no more than Prieffs, vefled by the Bifliops with moft of their Authority in Country Places.

The Council of Jntioch, held in 54Z, appoints, ' That ' thofe in Burghs and Villages, call'd Cborepifcopi, know ' the Bounds prefcrib'd them : They may ordain Readers, ' Subdcacons, and Exorcifls, but not Priefls or Deacons, ' without the Bifhop whereon they depend. The Chorepif ' cofus fliall be ordain'd by the Bifhop of the City.

Pope Leo, in 996, fays, the Cborepifcopi mayn't ordain 'Priefls, or confecrate Churches : yet Pope Nicholas, in a Letter to Rami, in the IXth Century, declares that the Cborepifcopi fliail have the Epifcopal Functions; and that flie Ordinations of Priefls and Deacons perform'd by them are valid.

The firft time we read of Cborepifcopi in the Eafl, is in the Beginning of the IVth Century 5 and in the Weft, about the Year 499. They ceas'd, both in the Eafl and Weft, in the Xth Century.

The Word comes from the Greek x up ^, a Region, or lit- tle Country, and EtfiffMTr©-, Sijbop.

Chorepiscopus is alfo the Name of a Dignity flill fub- fifting in fome Cathedrals, particularly in Germany; fignify- ing the fame with Cbori Epifcopus, or Bifhop of the Choir.

'in the Church of Cologne, &c. the firft Chantor is call'd Chorepifcopm.

The Word, in this Scnfe, does not come from ~yffe3, but ^o,°©-, Choir, &c.

CHOREUS, CHORjEUS, a Foot in the Latin Poetry, more commonly call'd Trocheeus. See Troch;eus.

CHORIAMBUS, in the Latin Poetry, a Foot com- pounded of a Chorrens, or Tneheus; and an Iambus.

It confifls of four Syllables; of which the firft and laft are long, the middle ones fliort.

CHORION, the exterior Membrane that invefts the Ftetus in the Womb. See Foetus.

'Tis very thick and ftrong; on the infide, where it joins another Membrane, call'd Amnios, very fmooth; but rough and uneven without fide; interfpers'd with a great number of Veffels, and faften'd to the Matrix, or Wonjb, by means of the 'Placenta, which adheres very clofely to it. See Placenta.

This Membrane is found in all Animals.

The Word comes from the Greek x*>S-", eapere, to con- tain.

The Chorion, with the Amnios and Placenta, make what we call the Secundine, or After-Birth. See Secundine.

CHORIST, or CHORISTER, a Chantor, or Singer in the Choir. See Choir.

CHOROBATES, a kind of Level us'd among the An- tients; compos'd of a double Square, made in form of a T, defcrib'd by Vitruvius, Lib. viii. See Level.

The Word comes from the Greek -^^[iomtv, t0 over-run a Country.

CHOROGRAPHY, the Art of making a Map, or De- fcription of fome Country, or Province.

Cborograpby is diftinguifli'd from Geography, as the Defcription of a particular Country is from that of the whole Earth. See Geography.

From Topography it is diftinguifli'd, as the Defcription of the fame Country, is from that of a fingle Place in it.

The Word comes from the Greek %•>&, Region.

CHOROIDES, or CHOROEIDES, in Anatomy, a Term apply 'd to feveral Parts of the Body; bearing Ibme refemblance to the Chorion.

The Word is form'd from the Greek XW°*\ Chorion, and icftc&tt/, to referable j or uJhs, Image, Likenefs.

Thus, Choroides is us'd for the inner Membrane that im- mediately invefts the Brain 5 fo called as being intermingled w ith a great Number of Blood- Veffels, like the Chorion 9 but more ufually call'd the 'Pia Mater, or Meninx tenuis. See Meninx, and Mater.

Plexus, or Lads Choroides, is a Knot of Veins and Arteries in the fore Ventricles of the Brain, wove out of the Branches of the Carotid. See Plexus, and Brain.

Choroides is alfo apply 'd to the inner and poflerior Tunic of the Eye, contiguous to the Sclerotica. See Eve.

It is foft, thin, and black 5 and its inner, or concave Sur- face, very fmooth and polite. It has its Name from its be- ing interfpers'd with Veffels.

To the Choroides is fix'd the Uvea. See Uvea.

M. Mariotte maintains, that Vifion is perform'd rather in the Choroides than the Retina : in which he agrees with 2iar. 1"orinus, and is feconded by M. Mery; but moft other Authors are of a different Sentiment. See Vision, Re- tina, cj?c.

Next under the Choroides is the Retina. Rtiyfch, in- deed, fays, he has found another Tunic between the Cho- roides and Retina; and denominates it from himfelf, the Ttmica Ruyfchiana. He adds, that it grows fo firmly to the Choroides, that 'tis overlook'd in the common Diffections.

But Verheyen, tho he found the Choroides of a Bird di- vifiblc into two Membtanes, could never feparate thofe of the human Eyes; and therefore thinks they needed not any new Name.

The Choroides is black in Men; in Lions, Camels, Bears, Sheep, Cattle, Dogs, Cats, and moft Fifties, of a fliining Colour, like the Brilliant of Silver, or the Luflte of Ori- ental Pearl; and makes what Naturalifls call the Tafis, or Colour of the Eye. See Tapis.

CHORUS, in Dramatic Poetry, one, or more Perfons, prefent on the Stage during the Representation, and fup- pos'd to be By-ftanders thereto, without any particular Share or Intereft in the Action. See Drama.

Tragedy in its Origin, M. Dacier obferves, was no more than a fingle Chorus, who trod the Stage alone, and with- out any other Actors; finging Dithrambics, or Hymns in honour oVBacchus.

'Thefpis, to relieve the Chorus, added an Actor, who re- hcars'd the Adventures of fome of their Heroes. JEfcby- lus, finding a fingle Perfon too dry an Entertainment, added a fecond; and at the fame time redue'd the finging of the Chorus, to make more room for the Recitation.

Every thing introdue'd between the four Songs of the Chorus, they call'd by the Term Epifodc; and thofe four Songs made the four Intervals, or Acts of the Piece. See Episode, Act, cifc. .

But when once Tragedy began to be form'd, thofe Reci- tatives, or Epifodes, which at firft were only intended as acceffory Parts, to give the Chorus a breathing Time, be- came now the principal Part of the Tragedy : And where-