Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/361

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arc two Columns ; and not far off the Figure of a Pegafus.
 * Foot high-, and of {tuning Marble. Near thcfe Animals

After this Gate is pafs'd, are {bund a great Number of Columns of white Marble; the Remains whereof mew the Magnificence of the Work : the fmalleft of thefe Columns is fifteen Cubits high, the largeft eighteen ; each has forty Flutings, three large Inches broad; whence the high- nefs of the whole may be guefs'd at, with the other Pro- portions. Near the Gate is an Infcription on a fquare piece of Marble, fmooth as Glafs, containing about twelve Lines : The Characters arc of a very extraordinary Figure, rcfem- bling Triangles and Pyramids.

Thefe noble Ruins arc now the Shelter of Beafts and Birds of Prey. Befides the Infcription abovemention'd, there are others in Arabic, tPerJzafy and Greek. Dr. Hide obfervc.% that the Infcriptions are very rude and unartful ; and that fame, if not all of them, are in praifc of Alexan- der the Great, and therefore later than that Conqueror.

M. Le Brim tells us, that he took his Voyage to the TLafz-Indies merely for th&fakeof viewing the Chilminar.

The Word comes from the: Perfian Tcbebelminar, forty Towers, or Columns ; on account of the forty Columns of an enormous fize feen there.

CHIMERA, a fabulous Monfter. which the Poets fcign'd ro have the Head of a Lion, the Belly of a Goat, and the Tail of a Serpent ; and to have been kill'd by Sellerophon, mounted on the Horfe ZPegafus.

The Foundation of the Fable is this ; that antiently in J.ycia there was a Vulcano, or burning Mountain of this Name ; the top whereof, which was defart, only inhabited by Lions ; the middle, having good Paltures, by Goats ; and the foot, being marfhy, by Serpents. Thus Ovid-,

Mediis in partibus Hire um


 * Pe£Em\ £5? ora Le<£, caudam Scrpentis habebit.

Seller -ophon being the firft who caus'd this Mountain to be inhabited, 'twas feign'd he flew the Chimera- 'Pliny fays, the Fire thereof would kindle with Water, and ex- tinsuifh. with nothing but Earth or Dung.

CHIMES of a Clock, a kind of periodical Mufick, pro- due'd at certain Seafons of the Day, by a particular Appa- ratus added to -a Clock. See Clock.

To calculate Numbers for the Chimes, and to fit and di- vide the C&ijwe-Barrel, it mufl be obferv'd, That the Bar- rel mu ft be as long in turning round, as you are in finging the Tune it is to play.

As for the Chime- Barrel, it may be made up of certain Bars which run athwart it, with a convenient Number of Holes punch 'd in them, to put in the Pins that are to draw each Hammer : by this means, the Tune may be chang'd, without changing the Barrel : Such is the Royal Exchange Clock in London, and others. In this cafe, the Pins, or Nuts, which draw the Hammers, muft hang down from the Bar, fome more, fome lels ; and fome Handing up- right in the Bar : The reafon whereof is to play the Time of the Tune rightly : for the Diftance of each of thefe Bars may be a Semibreve ; but the ufual way, is to have the Pins which draw the Hammers fix'd on the Barrel.

For the placing of thefe Pins, you may proceed by the way of Changes on Bells, viz. 1, 2, 3, 4, &c. or rather, make ufe of the Mufical Notes : where it mult be obferv'd, what is the Compafs of the Tune, or how many Notes, or Bells, there are from the higheft to the loweft ; and ac- cordingly, the Barrel mud be divided from end to end.

Thus, in the following Examples, each of thofe Tunes are eight Notes in compafs 5 and accordingly, the Barrel is divided into eight Parts. Thefe Divifions are (truck round the Barrel ; oppofite to which are the Hammer-Tails.

We fpeak here as if there was only one Hammer to each Bell, that it may be more clearly apprehended : but when two Notes of the fame Sound come together in a Tune, there mull be two Hammers to the Bell to ttrike it : So that if in all the Tunes you intend to chime of eight Notes compafs, there mould happen to be fuch double Notes on every Bell 5 inftead of eight you mufl have fixreen Ham- mers • and accordingly you rauft divide the Barrel, and ftrike fixreen Strokes round it, oppofite to each Hammer- Tail : Then you are to divide it round about, into as ma- ny Divifions as there are Mufical Bars, Semibreves, Mi- nims, Sfc. in the Tune.

Thus, the hundredth Pfalm-Tune has twenty Semibreves, and each Divifion of it is a Semibreve : the firft Note of it alfo is a Semibreve ; and therefore on the Chime-Bar- rel mufl be a whole Divifion, from 5 to 5 ; as you may undcrftand plainly, if you conceive the Surface of a Cbimc-Bzrrcl to be reprefented by the following Tables ; as if the cylindrical Superficies of the Barrel were ftretch'd out at length, or extended on a Plane : and then fuch a Table, fo divided, if it were to be wrapp'd round the Bar- rel, would fhew the Places where all the Pins are to ftand in the Barrel : For the Dots running about the Table, are the Places of the Pins that play the Tune.

( 20 7 )

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Indeed, if the Chimes are to be compleat, you ou"ht to have a fet of Bells to the Gamut Notes ; fo as that each Bell having the true Sound of fil, la, mi, fa, you may play any Tune with its Flats and Sharps ; nay, you may by this means play both the Bafs and Treble with one Barrel : and by fetting the Names of your Bells at the head of any Tune, that Tune may eafily be transferr'd to the Cfa>;2iT-Barrcl, without any Skill in Mufick : But it muft be obferv'd, that each Line in the Mufick is three Notes dif- tant ; that is, there is a Note between each Line, as well as upon it.

'the Notes of the ioo T faint;

A fable for dividing the Chime-Barrel of the 100 Vfilm.

— 1 — 1 —

T ^ ":

~j — rr~

'1

. 2,

■*! — '4f-ff —

- 3 _4

f 1

r

ir j

V

ui-lU llh

LT t_

-*

CHIMIN, or CHEMIN, in Law, a Road, or Way. See Road. Hence,

Chiminage, a Toll for Wayfarage thro' a Forefl.

The Feudifts call it Pedagium. See Pedage.

CHIMNEY, in Architecture, a part of an Apartment, wherein the Fire is made. See Fire.

The Parts of a Chimney are the Jambs, or Sides, com- ing out perpendicularly, fometimes circularly, &c. from. the Back ; the Mantle-'Trce refts on the Jambs : The 'Tube, or Funnel, which conveys away the Smoke ; the Chimney-piece, or Moulding, on the forefide of the Jambs over the Mantle-Tree j and the Hearth, or Fireplace.

{Palladia fettles the Proportions of a Chamber Chhmiey thus ; Breadth on the Infide, 5', 6, or 7 Foot ; Height to the Mantle- Tree, 4 or 44 $ Depth, 2 or i~ Foot.

According to Wolfius, the Breadth of the Aperture at bottom to be to the Height, as 3 to 2, to the Depth as 4 to 2. In fmall Apartments rhe Breadth is 3 Foot, in larger 5 $ in Bed-Chambers 4 j in fmall Banquetring Rooms 5I, in large 6. But the Height never to exceed z~, left there be- ing too much room for the Air and Wind, the Smoke be driven down into the Room. Nor muft the Height be too little, left the Smoke mifs its way, and be check'd at firft fetting out. The fame Author advifes to have an Aperture, thro' which the external Air may, on occafion, be let into the Flame, to drive up the Smoke ; which the internal Air would otherwife be unable to do. See Stove.

The Mouth of the Tube, or that part join'd to the Chim- «£>'-Back, Felibien orders to be a little narrower than the reft ; that the Smoke coming to be repell'd downwards, meeting with this Obftacle, may be prevented from getting into the Room.

Some make the Funnel twifted, to prevent the Smoke's defcending too eafily .- but the better Expedient is to make the Funnel narrower at bottom than at top ; the Fire im- pelling it upward more eafily when contracted at bottom ; and in mounting, it finds more fpace to difengage it felf, and therefore has lefs occafion to return into the Chamber.

'To prevent jmoaking Chimneys, M. Lucar advifestwo Holes, or two Pipes, one over the other, to be left in each fide of the Chimney 5 one floping upwards, the other down- wards : thro' one of thefe, fays he, the Smoke will pafs in any pofition.

2)e rOrme orders a Brafs Ball full of Water, with one fmall Aperture, to be hung up in the Chim?iey y at a Height a little above the greateft Flame : here, as the Water grows hot, 'twill rarefy and drive thro' the Aperture in a vapoury Stream, which will drive up the Smoke that wou'd otherwife linger in the Funnel.

Others place a kind of moveable Vane, or Weathercock a-top of the Chimney : fo that what way foever the Wind comes, the Aperture of the Chimney will be Ikreen'd, and the Smoke have free egrefs. Indeed, the beft prevention of a fmoking Chimney, feems to lie in the proper Situation of the Doors of the Room, and the apt falling back of the Back, and convenient gathering of the Wings and Breaft of the Chimney 1.

'Tis a Rule, in Building, that no Timber be laid with- in 12 Inches of the Forefide of the Chimney Jambs ; that all Joifts on the Back of the Chimney be laid with a Trim- mer,