Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/360

 C H I

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C H I

He bears Arms offenfive and defenfive ; and has the tare of Prifoners of DifVinflion. His Badge is a Staff co- ver'd with Silver, and he is arm'd with a Scimiter, Bow, and Arrow. r ,

The Emperor ufually chufes one of this Rank to lend as Embaflador to other Princes.

The Word, in the original Turkifb, fignifies Envoy.

The Cbiaous are under the Direflion of the Chiaotts- Safchi, an Officer who affilts at the Divan, and introduces thofe who have Bufmefs there.

CHICANE, or Chicanrf, in Law, an Abufe of Judicia- ry Proceeding, tending to delay the Caufe, and deceive or im pole on the Judge or the Parties.

The French call Solicitors, Attornies, Wi. the Gens de Chicane. , .-,

Chicane is alfo us'd in the Schools, for vain Sophilms, Diftinttiuns, and Subtilties, which immortalize Difputcs, and obfeure the Truth ; as the Chicane of Courts does Juftice. , '

Menage derives the Word from Cicum, the Skin ot a Pomegranate ; whence the Spaniards have form'd their Cbico, little, {lender ; Chicane being converfant about Trifles.

CHIEF, a Term denoting Head ; or a principal Thing, or Perfon.

The Word is form'd of the French Chef, Head ; of the Greek mma», Caput, Head : tho Menage derives it of Ca- fe, form'd of the Latin Caput.

Thus, we fay, the Chief of a 'Party ; the Chief of a. Family, ckc. Agamemnon was the Chief of the Greeks who befieg'd Troy : T'he Romans fimetimes refused Tri- umphs to their victorious Generals ; by reafon the Conduit of the Chief was not anfwerable to his Succefs. See Tri- umph. T'he Abbeys that are Chiefs of their Order are all Regular ; and 'tis here the general Chapters are held. See Abbey.

Cuii-B-fiiJlice. See Justice.

Chief Lord, is the Feudal Lord, or Lord of an Honour, on whom others depend. See Lord; fee alfo Honour.

Holding \m Chiet. See Capite.

Chief, Chef, in Heraldry, is the upper Part of the Efcutcheon, reaching quite acrofs from fide to fide. See Escutcheon.

Thus, we fay, The Arms of France are three golden Flower de Lys's, in a Field Azure ; two in Chief, and one in Point.

Chief is more particularly us'd for one of the honourable Ordinaries, bore in the Coat. See Ordinary.

'Tis plac'd athwart the Top of the Coat, and is to con- tain one third Part of its Height. When the Efcutcheon is cut in Stone, or in Relievo, the Chief {lands out prominent beyond the reft ; and is fuppos'd to reprefent the Diadem ot the antient Kings and Prelates ; or the Cafk of the Knights.

It is frequently without any Ornament : fometimes 'tis charg'd with other Bearings ; fometimes 'tfs of a Colour or Metal different from that of the Coat.

The Line that bounds it at Bottom is fometimes flrait, fometimes indented, engrail'd, embattetd, lozenged, &c. Thus, fay they, The Field is Gules, a Chief Argent, &c. again, He bears Gules, a Chief Crencle, or embaltetd Argent.

Sometimes one Chief is born on another ; exprefs'd by a Line drawn along the upper Part of the Chief: When the Line is along the under Part, 'tis call'd a Fillet. The firfl is an Addition of Honour, the fecond a Diminution. See Difference, l£c.

The Chief is faid to be abaifs'd, when 'tis detach 'd from the upper Edge of the Coat, by the Colour of the Field which is over it 5 and which retrenches from it one third of its Height. We alfo fay, a Chief is chevero?id, paled, or bended, when it has a Cheveron, Pale, or Bend contigu- ous to it, and of the fame Colour with it felf. A Chief is faid to be fupported, when the two thirds at top arc of the Co- lour of the Field, and that at bottom of a different Colour.

In Chief. By this is undcrffood any thing born in the Chief part, or top of the Efcutcheon.

Ckitk-fPledge, the fame as Headborougb. See Head- borough.

CumF-Point. Sec Point.

CHIEFTAIN, the Chief, Leader, or General of an Army,e^£. See Chief, and General.

CHILBLAIN, in Medicine, a Tumor afflifling the Feet and Hands j accompany 'd with an Inflammation, Pain, and fometimes an Ulcer, or Solution of Continuity. Sec Tumor.

Chilblains, by Phyficians call'd Peruiones, are occafion'd by exceffivc Cold flopping the Motion of the Blood in the Capillary Arteries. See Pernio.

The Tumor, from white, generally inclines to bluenefs. Petroleum laid on the Parr, either prevents Chilblains, or cures 'em.

CHILD, a Term of Relation to Parent. See Parent; fee alfo Male, and Female.

We fay, Natural Child, Legitimate Child, 'Putative. Child, Saftard Child, Adoptive Child, Pofthumous Child. See Natural, Putative, Bastard, Adoptive, Post- humous, &c.

Mr. Dcrham computes, that Marriages, one with ano- ther, produce four Children ; not only in England, but in other Parts alfo. See Marriage.

In the Genealogical Hiflory of Tttfcany, wrote by Gama- rini, mention is made of a Nobleman of Sienna,, named tPicbi, who of three Wives had 150 Children ; and that, being fent Embaffador to the Pope and the Emperor, he had 48 of his Sons in his Retinue.

In a Monument in the Church-yard of St. Innocent, at 'Paris, erected to a Woman who dy'd at 88 Years of Age, it is recorded, that file might have feen 188 Children di- rectly iflu'd from her. But this is far fhort of what Hake- will relates of Mrs. Honeywood, a Gentlewoman of Kent, born in the Year 15:7, and marry'd at 16" to her only Huf- band jR. Honeywood of Charing, Efq; and dy'd in her 93d Year.

She had \6 Children of her own Body; of which three dy'd young, and a tburth had no Iffue: yet her Grandchil- dren, in the fecond Generation, amounted to 114 ; in the third to ai8, and in the fourth to 900, all in her Lifetime: So that fhe could fay the fame as the Diilich does of one of the Dalburg's Family at Safil.

123 4-

Mater ait Natte die Nata filia Natam,

s „ «

Ut moneat, Nat<£, plangere filiolam.

Dr. Harris has an exprefs Treatife of the Difeafes of Children, De Morbis acutis Infantum. He takes 'em all to arife from the Humours in thtprhnce VitS growing four, and degenerating into Acidities : which is confirm'd from their four Belches and Dejections. All that is requir'd to cure them, is to combat this Acidity ; which is to be ef- fected two ways ; by difpofing it to be evacuated, and by actual Evacuation by Rhubarb, and other gentle Purgatives.

To difpofe the peccant Acid for Evacuation, no Sudori- ficks or Cordials to be us'd, thofe Remedies being too vio- lent ; but Crabs Eyes and Claws, Oyffer-fhells, Cuttlefifh- bones, Egg-fhells, Chalk, Coral, Pearls, Bezoar, burnt Ivory, Scrapings of the Unicorn's Horn, Armenian Bole, T'erra Sigillata, and Lapis Hematites ; the Goa Stone, and a fort of Confection of Hyacinth. But of all thefe, he prefers old Shells that have lain long on the Edge of the Sea, expos'd to the Sun; which is better than any Chymi- cal Furnace.

CniLD-Sei. ? s Parturition, and Delivery.

Child-Sh-M*. i

Chile-JF//, a Power to take a Fine of a Bond- Woman unlawfully gotten with Child.

Every reputed Father of a bafe Child, got within the Mannor of Writtel in Ejfex, pays to the Lord for a Fine 3 s. 4 d. where, it feems, Child-wit extends to Free, as well as Bond- Women ; guicunque fecerit Child-wit, Archiepifco- pus out totam,aitt dimidiam Emendationis partem habebit, quietum effe de Child-wit. Du Cange.

CHILDERMASS-Z%, call'd alfo Innocents Day, an anniverfary Feaft of the Church, held on the 28th of De- cember, in memory of the Children of "Bethlehem, mafla- cred by order of Herod. See Feast. C/w/(j'-Children. SeeCHARiTY- School, Hospital,£S?c.

CHILIAD, an Affemblage of feveral Things rang'd by thoufands.

The Word is form'd of the Greek xj'aw, Affile, a thoufand.

CHILIARCUS, an Officer in the Armies of the Anti- ents, who had the Command of a thoufand Men.

The Word comes from the Greek /.Mas, thoufand, and
 * ?%"> command.

CHILIASTS, a Sect of Religious. See Millenaries.

CHILMINAR, CHELMINAR, or tchelminar, the nobleft and moil beautiful Piece of Architecture remaining of all Antiquity ; being the Ruins of the famous Palace of tperfepolis, to which Alexander the Great, being drunk, fet fire, at the Perfuafion of the Courtefan T'hais. See Ruins.

Authors and Travellers are exceedingly minute in their Defcriptions of the Chilminar ; particularly Garcios de Sib va Figueroa, Tiara de la Valle, Chardin, and Le Brim.

A general Idea thereof, may be conceiv'd as follows.

There appear the Remains of near fburfcore Columns ; the Fragments whereof are at leaf! fix Foot high : but there are only nineteen that can be call'd entire ; with a twentieth all alone, 150 Paces from the reft.

A Rock of black hard Marble, ferves for the Foundation of the Edifice.

The firft Plan of the Building is afcended to by four-

fcore and fifteen Steps cut in the Rock. The Gate of the

Palace is twenty Foot wide ; on one fide is the Figure of an

Elephant, and on the other of a Rhinoceros, each thirty

, Foot