Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/358

 CHE

Chase of a Gun, is the whole Bore, or Length of a Piece taken within fide. See Gun.

CHASING,, a Method of working, or enriching Gold, Silver, &c. properly call'd Eiichafing. See Enchasing.

CHASM. See Hiatus.

CHATELET, antiently fignify'd a little Caftle, or For- trefs, wherein the Cbateiain, or Governour lodg'd. See Castle.

At prefent, the Terra is us'd for certain Courts of Juftice eftablifh'd in feveral Cities in France : The grand Cbate- Ict in 'Paris, v. g. is the Place where the Prelidial, or ordi- nary Court of Juitice of the Prevot of 'Paris is kept ; con- fining of a Prefidial, a Civil Chamber, criminal Chamber, and a Chamber of Policy. The Term fignifies the fame at Montpelier, Orleans, &c.

The little Cbatelet at Paris, is an antient Fort, now ferving as a Prifon.

The Word is a Diminutive of Chateau, form'd from Caf- tellum, a Diminutive of Cajlrum-j or from Caflelletitm, a Diminutive of Caftellunz.

CHATTELS, Catals, Catalla, a Norman Term, under which were antiently comprehended all moveable Goods; thole immoveable being tcrm'd Fief, or, as we now fay, Fee,

But in the modern Senfe of the Word, Chattels are all forts of Goods, moveable or immoveable, except fuch. as are in the Nature of Freehold, or Parcel thereof.

Chattels are either Perfonal, or Real.

Chattels Perfonal, are fuch as do either belong imme- diately to the Perfon of a Man, as his Horfe, Sword, &c, or fuch Things as being injuriously with-he!d from him, a Man has no way to recover but by Perfonal Action.

Chattels Real, are either fuch as do not appertain immediately to the Perfon, but tofome other thing, byway of Dependance ; as Charters of Land, Apples upon a Tree, {$c. or fuch as neceffarily ifiue out of fomc immoveable Thing to a Perfon 5 as a Leafe, or Rent for Years.

Spelmau defines Chattels to be %ona qztcecunque molilia & innmbilia - 7 propria tamen ea bonoruni pars, qtiee in ani- malibns conjifiat, k quorum capitibus res ipfie, 'alias capita, alias capitalia ditl<f funt.

CHAUNTRY, or CHANTRY, was antiently a Church, or Chapel endow'd with Lands, or other yearly Revenue, for the Maintenance, formerly, of one or more Priefts, daily faying or finging Mafs for the Souls cf the Donors, and fuch otners as they appointed.

Hence, Chauntry Rents, are Rents paid to the Crown by the Servants, or Purchafcrs of Chauntry Lands,

CHAUF-WAX. 7 Q S Chafe-wax.

CHAUSSE-TRAPE.S bee ? Caltrop.

CHAZINZARIANS, a Sea of Hereticks, who rofe in Armenia in the Vllth Century.

They are alfo call'd Stanrohitrce, which, in Greek, figni- fies the fame as Cbazinzarian in Armenian, viz. Adorer of tbeCrofs 5 they being charg'd with adoring the Crofs alone.

In other Refpe&s they were Nejiorians 5 and admitted two Pcrfons in Jefus Chrift. Tho they had further Singu- larities, recounted by Nicephorus, L. xviii. c. 54. particu- larly their holding an annual Feart, in Memory of the Dog of their falfe Prophet Sergius 3 which they call'd Artzi- bartzes.

The Word is form'd of the Armenian Chazus, Crols. In the Greek Text of Nicepbcrus, they are call'd Chatzintza- rians, %tTOvr£xej.©-.

CHECK Roll, a Book containing the Names of fuch as are Attendants, and in pay to the King, or other great Perfons 5 as their Houfhold Servants.

It is otherwife call'd the Chequer Roll. See Roll. Clerk of the Check, is an Officer in the King's Houf- hold, who has the Check and Controulment of the Yeomen of the Guard, and all the Ufhers belonging to the Royal Family. See Yeoman, &c.

Check, in Falconry, k where a Hawk forfakes her na- tural Flight, to follow Rooks, Pies, or other Birds that come in fight.

CHECKER. See Exchequer.

CHECKY, in Heraldry, is where the Shield, or a part rhereof, as a ffordure, &c. is checqzter'd, or divided into Checquers, or Squares.

Where there is but one Row of Squares, it is not pro- perly call'd Cheeky, but Count ercomponed. See Counter- componed.

Cheeky, according to ColcmVicre, is one of the moft noble and antient Figures in all Armory 5 and ought never to be given, but to Perfons who have diltingui/h'd themfelves in War : for it reprcfents a Chefs-Board, which it felf is a Reprefentation of a Field of Battel. The Pawns and Men, plac'd on both Sides, reprefent the Soldiers of the two Ar- mies ; which move, attack, advance, or retire, according to the Will of the two Gamefters, who are the Generals. Sec Chess.

Cheeky is always compos'd of Metal, and Colour. Some Authors would have it rank'd among the Sorts of Furs.

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When the whole Efcutcheon is chequer' d, it fliould or- dinarily contain fix Ranges : There is no need of blazon- ing to exprefs'em; only it mult be obferv'd, to begin to blazon by the firft Square, which is in Chief on the Dexter fide. So that it that be Or, and the next Gules, the Houfe or Family is faid to bear Cheeky Or and Gules. When tho whole Shield is not checquer'd, but only the Chief, a Bend Crofs, or the like, the Number of Ranees ftiould be ex' prcls d.

CHEEKS a general Name, among Mechanicks, for al- moft all thofe Pieces of their Machines and Inftruments that are double, and perfectly alike.

The Cheeks of a Printing Prefs, are its two principal Pie- ces : they are plac'd perpendicular and parallel to each other; lervmg to fuftain the three Sommers, viz. the Head Till, and Winter, which bear the Nut, Spindle, and othei Pieces of the Machine. See Printing 'Prefs.

The Cheeks of a Lathe, are two Ion? pieces of Wood between which are plac'd the Puppets, which are either pointed, or otherwife ; ferving to finnan the Work, and the Mandrils of the Workman. Thefe two Pieces are plac'd parallel to the Horizon, feparated from one another by the Thicknefs of the Tail of the Puppets, and join'd with Tenons to two other Pieces of Wood, plac'd perpendi- cularly ; call'd the Legs of the Lathe. See Lathe.

Cheeks of the Glafier'sVice, are two pieces of Iron, join'd parallel at top and bottom ; in which are the Axis, or Spindle.-;, little Wheel, Cufhions, e?c. whereof the Ma- chine is compos'd. See Vice.

CHEESE, a popular Food; being a Preparation of Milk curdled by means of Renncr, dry'd, and harden'd. See Milk, Rennet, (S>c.

Cheefe is nothing but Milk purg'd of its Serum, or Whey - and fometimes too of the Cream, or butyrous Part of the Milk. See Butter.

Cheefe, when new, is found to load the Stomach, by rea- fon of its Moifture and Vifcidity ; and when too old, heats and inflames it by its Salts. The Phyficians advife it to be eat in fmall Quantities; hence that LatinVetCe, Cafeus Me tonus quern dat avara mantis.

Dr. g>uincy fays, it cannot be too old : 'Tis certain, the more it abounds with Salts, the more will it contribute to Digeflion, and the clearing of the Stomach of other Food.

Indeed fome condemn all ufe ol Cheefe $ fliekering them* felves under that antient Maxim, Cafeus eft nequmu quod omnia concoquit fe-quam.

CHEF. See Chief.

Chef d'Oeuvre. See Masterpiece.

CHEG, CHERIF, the Ptince, or High-Pried of Mecca, and the fovereign Pontiff of all the Muffulroans ; being own'd as fuch by all the feveral Seas into which they are divided.

The Grand Signior, Sophies, Mogols, Kans of Tartary, &c. fend him yearly Prefents ; efpecially Tapeftry, to cover Mahomet's Tomb withal, and Tents for himfelf : for the Cheg has a Tent near the Mofque of Mecca, wherein he lives during the 17 Days of Devotion in the Pilgrimage to Mecca. The Tapeftry and Tent are chang'd each Year, and Pieces thereof fent to the Princes who furnifh new ones.

His Revenue is very confiderable, confiding of Prefents made by the Mahometan Princes, and Pilgrims, to the Mofque of Mecca and Medina.

The Cheg fubfifts all the Pilgrims during the 17 Days of Devotion ; on which account, he is every Tear furniih'd with a very confiderable Sum of Money from the Grand Signior : The better to obtain this, he makes him believe, that there are conftantly, during this Time, 70 thoufand Pilgrims ; and that ftiould the Number fall fhort, the An- gels, in fotm of Men, would make it up.

CHELONITES, in Natural Hiftory, a Stone found in the Bellies of young Swallows; much efteem'd by fome for the falling Sicknefs.

There is alfo a Stone bearing the fame Name found in the Indian Tortoifes, which is faid to have the Faculty of refilling Poifon. Some confound it with the Crapaudin, or "toadjlone.

The Stone takes its Name from ■tfKtS'w, a Swallow.

CHELSEY -College, or Hofpital. See Hospital.

CHEMISE, in Fortification, is a Wall wherewith a Baf- tion, or any other Bulwark of Earth, is lin'd ; for its greater Support and Strength.

Or it is the Solidity of the Wall, from the talus to the Row. See Wall, gfc.

Fire Chemise, is a piece of Linen Cloth, fleep'd in a Compofition of Oil of Petreola, Camphor, and other com- buftible Matters ; us'd at Sea, to fet fire to the Enemy's Veffel. '

CHERRY Srandy, a Drink made of Plain "Brandy, with the Addition of Cherries. See Branuy.

The Cherries commonly us'd therein are of the black Kind; with thefe, a Bottle being half fill'd, is fill 'd up with Srandy, or Spirits. The whole to be Jhaken up now

and