Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/352

 C H A

( 198)

C H A

This CharaBer fomctimes affefts feveral Quanti ties dif- tinguifh'd by a Line drawn over them, thus \/ b -\~ d, de- notes the Sum of the Square Roots of b and d.

Wolfius, &c. in lieu hereof, include the Roots compos'd of feveral Quantities in a Parenthefis, adding its Index : thus (a-\-b — c) * denotes the Square of a-\-b — c, ordina- rily written a -f- b ■ — c.


 * The CharaBer of Arithmetical Proportion disjunct 5

thus 7. 3 : 13.9. intimates 3 to be exceeded by 7, as much as 13 by 9 j was. by 4. See Progression.


 * : This is the CharaBer of Identity of Ratio, and Geo-

metrical Proportion disjunct 5 thus, 8 : 4 : : 30 : 15. expref- fes the Ratio of 30 to 15, to be the fame with that of 8 to 4 ; or that the four Terms are in Geometrical Propor- tion, viz. 8 to 4 as 30 to 15. See Proportion.

Wblfius, in lieu hereof, ufes the CharaBer of Equality = ; which he prefers to the former, as more fcientifical and exprefftve.

~r The CharaBer of Geometrical Proportion continu'd implying the Ratio to be carry'd on without Interruption; Thus, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, -H- are in the fame uninterrupted Pro- portion.

Characters in Geometry and "Trigonometry.

or Planes to be equi-diftant from each other. See Pa- rallel.
 * 1 Is the CharaBer of 'Parallelifm j implying two Lines

A CharaBer of a Triangle. See Triangle, &c.

□ CharaBer of a Square.

□ P CharaBer of a ReBangle. G CharaBer of a Circle.

JL CharaBer of Equality of bugles.

^= CharaBer of Equality of Sides.

•^ CharaBer of an Angle.

L CharaBer of a right Angle.

X CharaBer of a Perpendicular.

The CharaBer of a Degree 5 thus, 75 implies 75 Degrees.

' The Character of a Minute* or 'Prime 3 thus, 50' im- plies 50 Minutes.

"'« w ' t f$c. TheCharaBersof Seconds, Thirds, Fourths, &c. of a Degree t thus, 5", tf"" f 18"", 20"'", denotes 5 Seconds, 6 Thirds, 18 Fourths, and 20 Fifths.

Note, The fame CharaBer s are fome times us'd, where the Progreffton is by Tens; as 'tis here by Sixties. See De- cimal, Sexagesimal, ££c.

Characters us'd in the Arithmetic of Infinites.

riable Quantities x and y ; two, three, or more Dots, de- note fecond, third, or higher Fluxions.
 * The CharaBer of an Infinitefimal, or Fluxion : thus,
 * , y, & c - exprefs the Fluxions, or Differentials of the va-

This Method of denoting the Fluxions, we owe to Sir Tfaac Newton, the Inventor of Fluxions : 'tis adher'd to by the Englifb j but Foreigners generally follow M. Leibnitz, and in lieu of a Dot prefix the Letter d to the variable Quan- tity j on pretence of avoiding the Confufion arifing from the multiplication of Dots, in the differencing of Differen- tials. See Fluxions.

d The CharaBer of a Differential of a variable Quantity ; thus, d x is the Differential of x j dy the Differential of y.

The CharaBer was firft introdue'd by M. Leibnitz 5 and is follow'd by all but the Englifb, who, after Sir Ifaac Newton, exprefs the Differential by a Dot over the Quanti- ty. See Calculus "Differentialis.

Characters us'd in AJlronomy. CbardBers of the Planets ; fee Planet. Ti CharaBer of Saturn. 5 CharaBer of Mercury,

if CharaBer of Jupiter. © CharaBer of the Sun.

tf CharaBer of Mars. b CharaBer of the Moon.

S CharaBer of Venus. J CharaBer of the Earth.

CharaBers of the Signs 5 fee Sign. T CharaBer of Aries. £= CharaBer of Libra.

« CharaBer of Taurus. "I CharaBer of Scorpio.

H CharaBer of Gemini. $ CharaBer of Sagittarius.

S CharaBer of Cancer. V? CharaBer of Capricornus.

Si CharaBer of Leo. zx CharaBer of Aquarius.

Tjf CharaBer of Virgo. X CharaBer of fPiJces.

Rejls or Taufes of Time.

Characters us'd in Mtljick. CharaBers of the Mufical Notes, -imth their Proportions.

o

CharaBer of a Z«?ge A long

Sreve

Semibreve Minim

Crotchet

Quaver



Semiquaver ' 'Demifemiquaver CharaBers of the artificial Notes.

0-

111

J.

rrr

IT

J- £

J ^

CharaBer ofs.fba.rp Note : This CharaBer at the beginning of a Line, or Space,, denotes all the Notes in that Line, or Space, to be taken a Semitone higher than in the natural Series. And the fame affects all their Oc- taves, above and below, tho not mark'd. See Sharp.

When the CharaBer is prefix'd to any particular Note, it fhews that Note alone to be a Semitone higher than it would be without fuch CharaBer.

1/

CharaBer of a fiat Note i This CharaBer, at the

beginning of a Line, or Space, Shews, that all the Notes in that Line, or Space, are to be taken a Semitone lower than in the natural Series ; affecting, in like manner, all the Octaves, both above and below. Sec Flat.

When prefix'd to any Note, it fhews that Note alone to bea Semitone lower than it wou'd otherwife be.

k

CharaBer of a natural Note. Where, in a Line or

Series of artificial Notes, mark'd at the Beginning for ei- ther Sharps or Flats, the natural Note happens to be re. qui r'd, it is denoted by this Char*-. Ber:

CharaBers of Sign'i. CharaBer of Treble Clef.

Clefs.

%

□ Mean Clef. (\ SafsClef.

CharaBers of Time. See Time. 2, or I, or J ; CharaBers of Common, or T)uple Time ; fignifying the Meafure of two Crotchets to be equal to two Notes, whereof four make a Semibreve.

C CC vD CharaBers that diftinguifh the Movements in Common Time : The firft implying flow 5 the fecond Irisk ; the third very quick.

ri t> j> h rt. i CharaBers of the Jimple Triple Time ; whofe Meaiure is equal either to three Semibreves, or to three Minims, &c. See Trifle.

-t) or I) or rs 5 CharaBers of mix'd Triple Time 5 where the meafure is equal to fix Crotchets, or fix Qua- vers, S3c.

■I, or |, or £j ; or 1, or i ; CharaBers of compound Tri- ple Time.

•H> or Hi or iih or *|, Species of Triple Time ; call'd, Times.


 * . * '« S ft

^ ■*• a

CharaBers of the fourth The Meafure of twelve

«

£

1 ' ■ n ? £

fa

fa

-ft

Si?

5?

1

«

«&

*

,/?

V* 1

s

^— p

ft-

-9

SB 4^

13 I

"* ** » fag

Ch*--