Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/347

 C H A

t 193 J

CHA

. Suppofe two Quantities a and b. Since they may be ei- "Wall, to fupport two or three Rows of Tiles, fo pian'd

ther wrote a h or ba ; 'tis evident their -Changes are 2 = to prevent the Rain-Water from trickling down the Sides

2. 1. Suppofe the Quantities a b c : their Changes of the Wall. ....

c ab will be as in the Margin; as is evident by combining CHANTER, or CHAUNTOR, a Perfon who fings in

acb c firft with ab, then with b a; and hence the Num.- the Choir of a Cathedra]. See Choir, &c.

'a b c ber of Changes arifes 3. 2. r sa tf. If the Quan- All great Chapters have Chantors and Chaplains to eafe

__ titles be 4, each may be combin'd four wa;s with and aiftft the Canons, and officiate in their Abfence. See

'c b a each Order of three; whence their Number of Chapter, Canon, £§C.

% c a Changes arifes 6. 4=4. 3 2 1. = 24. Wherefore, St. Gregory firft instituted the Office of Chantors, erecF-

6 c the Number of Quantities fuppos'd in the Number ing them into a Body, caJPd Schola Cantorum : tho Ana-

of Changes, will be nn — 1. 12 — 2. n — 3. n 4$S>c. flafius feems to attribute rhcir Rife to Pope Hilary, who

If the fame Quantity occur twice, the Change of % will be Hv'd an hundred Years before Gregory.

found bb, of 3 £/? b, ab b, bbc; of 4 c b ab, bca b, b a be. But the Word grows obfolete in this Senfe, and inftead

And thus the Number of Changes in the Stil Cafe will be thereof we ufe the Word Chor/Jicr, or Singing-Man. See

t = 2. i, : 2. 1. in the fecond, 3=, 3. 2. 1, : 2. 1 ; in Chorister.

the third 1 2 =, 4. 3. 2. 1 : 2. 1. Chantgr is us'd, by way of Excellence, for the %>)•£-

If a fifth Letter be added, in each Series of four Quan- center, or Matter of the Choir ; which is one of the flrit

titles, it will beget five Changes, whence the Number of Dignities of the Chapter.

all the Changes will be 60=, 5. 4, 3. 2. 1, : 2. r. Hence The Chanter bears the Cope and the Staff at folemn

Changes will be n. n — 1. n- — 2.572 — 3JM — 4ti?c. Feftivals ; and gives Tune to the reft at the beginning of

From thefe fpecial FormuUe may be collected a general Pfalms and Anthems. See Precentor.

one, viz. if « be the Number of Quantities, and m the The Antients cali'd the Chantor ^PrimiccrhiS. See Pri-

Number which mews how oft the fame Quantity occurs ■■, we mall have («, n — I. « — z. n — 3. n — 4. n — J.« __£. n — 7, 7/ — 8. n — 9. &C.) : m — 1. m — 2. m — 3. m 4. ffc.) The Series being to be continu'd, till the con- tinual Subftra&ion of Unity from n and m leave o. A-fter the fame manner we may proceed further, till putting 11 for the Number of Quantities, and /, m, r, &c for the Number that mews how oft any of them is repeated, we arrive at an univcrfal Form, (n.u — 1. n — 2. n — 3. n — 4. n — ,5. n — 6. n — 7. n — 8. &c) : I. / — 1. I — 2. / — -3. / — 4./— 5. &£

Su pofe, for Inftance, »= 6, /= 3, r — o. The Num- ber of Changes will be (6 . 5. 4. 3. 2. 1) : 3. 2. 1. 3 2 1) 5.4) : 3. 2(=2. 5. 2= 20.

Hence, fuppofe thirteen Perfons at a Table, if it be re-- the Tobtt Bohu quir'd how oft they may change Places, we mail find the its refpeclive Regions 5 how the homogeneous Matter ga- Number 13. 12. 11. 10. 9.8. 7. tf.5. 4. 3. 2.1. = 6227020800. ther'd it felf apart from all of a contrary Principle; and

In this manner may all the pcjjlble Anagrams of any laftly, how it harden'd and became a folid habitable Globe. Word be found in all Languages, and that without any See Elemen

micerius.

To him formerly belong'd the Direction of the Deacons, and other inferior Miniftcrs.

CHANTRY, a Chapel endow'd for the maintaining a Prieft, or Priefts, to fing Mafs for the Souls of the Founders.

CHAOLOGY, theHiitoryor Defcription of theCta. See Chaos.

Orpheus, in his Chaclogy, fets forth the different Altera- tions, Secretions, and divers Forms Matter went thro till it became inhabitable ^ which amounts to the fame with, what we otherwife call Cofmogony. Sec Cosmogony.

Dr. 'Burnet likewife gives us a Chaology, in his Theory {6. of the Earth. He reprefents the Chaos, as it was at firlfi entire, undivided, and univerfally rude, and deform'd ; or then mews how it came divided into

Study : fuppofe, v. g, it were requir'd to find the Ana jrams of the Word Amor, the Number of Change. be

a

a 7/i

r m a

m a r

a r m

.

a om

m r a

m ao r

a r m

m a

am

mora

a m r

a m

1

mo ar

r a om

,

r ma

oram

r am

cm a

r ma

r m a

a r m

ar mo

mo a

om r a

m r a

a m r

a m r

m a

om ar

amor

CHAOS, among the antient Philofophers, was defcrib'd a dark, turbulent Atmofphere ; or a diforderjy Syftem, or Mixture of all lbrrs of Particles together, witaout any Form or Regularity : out of which the World was form'd See World.

Chaos is every where reprcfented as thefirft Principle;, Ovum, or Seed of Nature and the "World. All the antient Sophifts, Sages, Naturalifts, Philofophers, Theologues, and Poets, hold that Chaos was the Eldcft and Firit Principle,

r a om The Barbarians, ^henicians, Egyptians, Ter/ians, &c.

The Anagrams therefore of the Word Amor, in the La- all refer the Origin of the World to a rude, mix'd, confus'd

tin Tongue, are Koma, Mora, Maro, Ramo, Armo. Mafs of Matter. The Greeks, Orpheus, He[iod> Menan-

Whether this new Method of Anagrammatizing be like der, Arijiophanes, 'Euripides, and the Writers of Cyclic

to prove of much fervice to that Art, is left to the Poets. Poems, Tpeak of the firll: Chaos : The Ionic, and Platonic

CHANNEL, in Anatomy, Chirurgery, &c. See Canal. Philofophers build the World out of it. The Stoics hold,

Channel, or Bed of a River. See River. that as the World was firft made of a Chaos, it fhall at lait

Channel is alfo us'd For divers Arms of the Sea, where be redue'd to a Chaos ; and that all its Periods and Revo-

the Water runs within the Land 5 as alfo for certain nar- lutions in the meantime, are only Tranfitions from one Chaos

row Seas, confin'd between two adjacent Continents, or to another. Lattly, the Latins, as F.nnins, Varro, Ovid,

an Iiland and Continent, &c. See Sea. Lucretius, Statius, &c. are all of the fame Opinion. Nor

In this Senfe, we fay, St. George'i Channel 5 ^Britifh is there any Seer, or Nation whatever, that does tv6't derive

Channel 5 the Channelofthe Black Sea, of 'Constantinople,^, their &.i&x,Q7y.i<Tiv t the Structure of their World, from a

Channel, in Building. See Gutter, Pipe, Plumbe- Chaos.

ky, &c. The Opinion arofc among the Barbarians, whence it

Channel is particularly us'd in Architecture, for a Part fpread to the Greeks, and from the Greeks to the Romans

of the Imic Capital, a little hollow'd, in form of a Canal; and other Nations. .

lying under the Abacus, and running the whole length of Dr. Burnet obCcwcs, thatbefides Ariflotk and a few other

the Circumvolution of the Volute; inclos'd byaLiitel. See pfetldo-'Pytbagoreans, no body ever alTerted, that our World

Ionic Capital. was always, from Eternity, of the fame Nature, Form, and

Channel of the Larmier, is the Soffit of a Cornice ; which Structure as at prefent : but that it had been the Handing

makes the pendant Mouchcttc. Sec Larmier, and Soffit. Opinion of the wife Men of all Age*, that what we now

■ Channel of the Volute, in the Ionic Capital, is the Face call the Terreflrial Globe, was an uninform'd,- hidigeited

of its Circumvolution ; inclos'd by a Liftel. See Volute. Mafs of heterogeneous Matter, cali'd Chaos ; and no more

CHANNELINGS. See Flutings. than the Rudiments and Materials of the prefent World;

CHANT, or CHAUNT. See Song. It does not ap; ear who firit broach'd the Notion of a

Chant, Cantus, is particularly us'd for the Vocal Mu- Chaos. Mofes, the Elded; of all Writers, derives the Origin

fick of Churches. of his World, from a Confufion of Matter, dark, void,

In Church Hiftory we meet with divers Kinds of Chant, deep, without form, which he calls lohii Bobzi $ which is

or Song : The firft is the Ambrofian, eftablifli'd by St. precifely the Chaos of the Greek and Barbarian- Philofo-

Ambrofe. See Ambrosian Chant. pliers. And hence, poffihly, might thole Philofophers dc-

The fecond the Gregorian Chant, introdue'd by Pope rive their Chaos, with fome Alteration and Interpolation.

Gregory the Great, who eftabli/li'd Schools of Chantors^ Mofes goes no further than the Chaos ; nor tells us

and corrected the Church Song. whence it took its Origin, or whence its confus'd Stats ; and

This is ftill retain'd in the Church under the Name of whereMofes flops, there, precifely, do all the reft. SceAuYis.

'Plain Song : At firft it was cali'd the Roman Song. Dr. Burnet endeavours to fhew, that as the antient Phi-

r V\iQ c Plain, or Gregorian Chant, is where the Choir and loibphers, &c. who wrote of the Cofmogony, acknowledg'd the People fing in Unifon, or all together in the fame man- a Chaos for the Principle of their World ; fo do the Di- ner. See Gregorian Chant. vines, or Writers of the Tbeogony derive the Origin ot

CuMit-Royal. See Comedy. Generation of their Gods from the fame Principle. See

CHANTLATE, in Building, a piece of Wood faften'd Cosmogony, and Theogqny 5 fee alfo Goi>.

near the Ends of the Rafters, and projecting beyond the E e c M?.