Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/343

 CHA

Heat of the Stomach ; whence, according to M. Lemery, it wou'd have carry'd into the Blood a new fpirituous, fa- lutary Juice : He obferves alfo, thut Iron ads as an Abfor- bent, from the Largencls of its Pores ; and the Eafe wherewith all Kinds of Salts, even grofs ones, infinuatc themfelves therein : even fcorbutic Acids are ablbrb'd thereby.

Further, 'tis not enough that peccant Acids enter Iron ; but in entering they alfo expel and exprefs that falatary Juice, which is alfo put in Motion, and difpos'd to be eva- cuated by the natural Heat. Thus is Iron doubly advan- tageous, both by the Oil it furnifhes the Blood withal, and by the Salts it frees it from. The Action of the Particles of a Chalybeat, by their Ekfticiry, together with the Mo- mentum they give the Blood by their Pondcrofity, makes them not only preferable to moll other Deobftruents, but alfo proper in other Cafes ; cfpecially where there is a Vif- cidity ot the Juices, the Blood depauperated, and where the Circulation is languid $ as in moil Hyfleric and Hypo- chondriac Cafes, t$c.

CHAM, or KAN, the Title given to the fovereign Prin- ces of T'artary.

The Word, in the Sclavonic Language, fignifies Emperor.

Sperlingius, in his Diflertation on the 'Danijh Term of Majcrty, Koning, King, thinks the Tartarian Cham may be well deriv'd from it ; adding, that in the North they fay Kan., Konnen, Konge, Kenning.

The Term Cham is us'd among the 'Perjiaas, for the great Lords of the Court, and the Governors of Provinces.

CHAMADE, in War, a certain Beat of a Drum, or Sound of a Trumpet, which is given the Enemy as a kind of Signal, to inform them of fome Proposition to be made to the Commander ; either to capitulate, to have leave to bury their Dead, make a Truce, or the like.

Menage derives the Word from the Italian Cbiamate, of Clamare, to cry.

CHAMBER, in Building, a Member of a Lodging, or Piece of an Apartment, ordinarily intended for ileeping in ; and call'd by the Latins Cubtculum*

A compleat Apartment is to confift of a Hall, Anti- chamber, Chamber, and Cabinet. See Apartment, &c.

The Word come? from the Latin Camera ; and that, ac- cording to Nicod, from the Greek yd.y.£{$, Fault, or Curve j the Term Chamber being originally confin'd to Places arch'd over. The Spaniards call it Camera ; whence Camerade.

Sed-Cn amber. See Bep- Chamber.

'Privy-Cn amber. The Gen' lemen of the Trivy-Cham- %er are Servants of the King, who are to wait and attend on him and the Queen at Court, in their Diverfions* Pro- gress, Sfc.

Six of thefe are appointed by the Lord Chamberlain, together with a Peer, and the Matter of the Ceremonies, to attend all Ambaffadors from crown'd Heads in their publick Entries. Their Number is 48.

Their Institution is owing to King Henry "VII. As a An- gular Mark of Favour, they are impower'd to execute the King's verbal Command, and without producing any written Order ; their Perfon and Character being deem'd fufficient Authority.

(prcfence Chamber,? _ SPresence Chamber.

Council Chamber, S ° e C Council Chamber.

Chamber in Policy, is us'd for the Places where certain Affemblies are held, as alio for the Affemblies themfelves.

Of thefe there are various Kinds j ibme eftablifVd tor the Adminiirration of Jullice, others for Matters of Com- merce, &c. Of the firft Kind among us are the

.Star Chamber, Camera Stcllcta, or Chamber 4e F.ftoi- els j fo called, becaufe the Roof was originally painted with Stars. It is of an antient ftandirig, but its Authority was very much heightned by Henry VII. and Henry VIII. who appointed, by two feveral Statutes, that the Chancel- lor, affiled by others there nam'd, ikould have Power to hear Complaints again!* Retainers, Embracers, Mifde- meanors of Officers, and other like Offences 5 which thro the Power and Authority of thofe who committed them, did lift up the Head above other Faults ; and for which inferior Judges were not fo meet to give Correction, and the common Law had not fufficienrly provided.

By the Statute 17 Car. I. the Court call'd Star Charter, and all Jurildi£rion, Power, and Authority thereto belong- ing, are, from A"g"fi the firft, 1641, abfolutely diffblv'd.

'■'Painted Chamber. See Painted Chamber.

Imperial Chamber, is a Jurifdiction held antiently at Spires, but fince transferr'd to Veflar. In this are deter- mine the Differences among the Princes and Cities of the Empire. See Empire.

It was at firft ambulatory : In 1473 it was & x '& to ^ l 'Sf hirg, then femov'd to Frankfort ; and thence to Worms, in 1497 : afterwards it was remov'd to Nuremberg and Ratisbon^ again to Worms and Nuremberg $ and from this laft to EJlengeny thence, in 1527, to Spires > where Charles V. render'd it fedentary, in 1530.

C 18*)

CHA

At its firft Inftirution it confifted of 16 Affefljorsj but the Reformation enfuing, occafion'd the Number t'o be increas'd : By the Treaty of Ofnaburg, in 1648, there were appointed 50 Aflcflors ; whereof 24 to be Proreffants, and 26 Catholicks ; befides five Presidents, two ol'em Prc- teftants, the reft Catholicks.

As the Princes, or Circles of the Empire are not a' way3 exact in filling up the Vacancies in this Chamber, the Num- ber of Afleflbrs is now redue'd to 16. See Imperial.

This Chamber has a Right of judging by Appeal, arid the laft Reforr, of all Civil Affairs of all the Subjcfh of the Empire, in the fame manner as the Auhc Council refiding at Vienna. See An Lie.

Proceffes are here almoll Immortal, by reafon of the infinite number of Ceremonies and Formalities wherewith they are embarafs'd.

The Imperial Chamber is frequently afraid to pronounce Sentence, for fear of expofing its Awards to fome Difgrace ; the Princes fomctimes not permitting fuch to be executed as difpleafe them.

Apojhlical Chamber, at Rome, is that wherein AtrahJ relating to the Revenues and Domains of the Church and the Pope arc transacted. See Apostolical.

Chamber of Audiences, or grand Chamber ; a Jurif- diction in each Parliament of France. See Parliament.

At the firlt Inltitution of their Parliaments, there were two Chambers, and two Kinds of Councilors ; the one the grand Chamber for Audiences, the Counfellors where- of were call'd lugeurs, who only jiidg'd : the other the Chamber of Jnquejh ; the Counfellors whereof were called Rapporteurs ; who only reported Proceffes by writing.

Chamber of the EdiH, or Mi-pattre, was a Court eih- blihYd by viituc of the Edicts of Pacification, in favourtf thole of the Re form 'd Religion : wherein the Number of Judges of cither Religion were the fame 3 and to which recourfe was had in all Aff*airs wherein any of the Protef- tants were concern'd. This Chamber is now iupprcfs'd.

Chamber of Accompts, is a fovereign Court, where Ac- compts are render'd of all the 2)eniers Rtyanx 5 Inven- tories, and Avenues given to the King, Oaths of Fidelity taken, and other Things relating to the Finances tranfac- ted. The French have alfo,

Ecclefiaflical Chambers, which judge, by Appeal, of Differences ariling on the railing of Tithes : Of thefe Ec- clefiafiical Chambers there are nine ; viz, at 'Paris, Sour- deaux, Rouen, Lyons, I'onrs, Toulouje, Sourges, c Pau, and Aix : they ufually confift of the Archbifhop of the Place, as Prefidcnt ; other Archbifhbps and Bifhops, ± Deputy of each of the Dioceffes, and three Counfellors of Parliament. The Chamber chufes as many Counfellors out ot the Clergy as it thinks proper ; as alfo a Promoter.

Chamber of London. See Chamberlain.

Chambers of Commerce, are A ffemblies of Merchants and Dealers, where they treat about Matters relating to Commerce : Of thefe there are feveral, eftabli/Vd in moft of the chief Cities of France, by Virtue of an Arret of the 30th of Augu.fi 1701. Indeed there were fome before this general Eftabliffiment, particularly one at MarfeilleSi and another at 2), nikirk.

Chamber in War, is us'd for the Place where the Pou- der of a Mine is lodg'd. See Mine.

The Chamber of a Mine is a Cavity of five or fix cu- bick Feet.

Chamber of a Mortar, or Cannon of the new Make, is a Cell, or Cavity at the bottom of the Barrel, or Chafe, where the Charge of Ponder is lodg'd. See Mortar.

The different Form of the Chamber, is found by Ex- periment to have an Influence on the Range of the Piece. A Cubical Chamber carries the Ball a lefs Diltance than a Circular one ; and that lefs than a Cylindrical one.

CHAMBERLAIN, an Officer who has the Manage- ment, or Direction of a Chamber. See Chamber.

The Word ChamberlaJn, according to Raguean, originally fignify'd, a Gentleman who was to fleep in the King's Bed- Chamber, at his Bed's Feet, in the Abfence of the Queen.

There are almoff as many Kinds ot Chamberlains as Cham- bers : The principal are as follow.

Lord Great Ghamberlain of England; an Officer of great Antiquity and Honour ; being rank'd the fixth great Officer of the Crown : A considerable part of his Func- tion is at the Coronation of a King ; when he dreffes him, carries the Coif, Sword, and Gloves to be us'd on that Occasion ; the Gold Sword and Scabbard to be offer'd by the King j the Robe Royal and Crown : He alio undref- fes him, and waits on him at Dinner 5 having for his Fee the King's Bed, and all the Furniture of his Chamber,^ the Night-Apparel, and the Silver Bafon wherein the King wafhes, with the Towels. Sec Corontatiom.

To him likewife belongs the Provifion or every thing in

the Houfc of Lords, in time of Parliament ; towhichEnd

he has an Apartment near the Lords Houfe. He has the

Government of the Palace of PVLjlminjier 3 iffues otit War-

D d d rant?