Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/339

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laftPair, joining with the two firft of the 2)orfum, or Tho- rax, make the 'Brachial Nerves. AH the Cervical Nerves fend innumerable Branches to the Mufcles, and other parts of the Head, Neck, and Shoulders.

CERVICALES Defcendentes, a Pair of Mufcles, Anta- gonitts to the Sacrc-Lumbares ; coming from the third, fourth, fifth, and fixth Vertebra of the Neck.

Molt Authors reckon thefe, tho improperly, a Production and Part of the Sacro-lumbus.

CERVIX, in Anatomy, the hind Part of the Neck 5 the fore Part being diftingui/h'd by the Name of Collum. See Neck.

Cervix of the Uterus, the Neck of the Uterus, or Womb. See Uterus.

The Cervix, in Maids, is very narrow, except in the Time of the Menfes^ fcarce wide enough to admitaGoofe's Quill : Its Extremity is call'd the Ofculum Internum, which is kept feal'd up with a kind of glutinous Matter, iffuing from the Glands about it. See Matrix.

CERUMEN Aurium, Ear- Wax ; a thick, vifcous, bit- ter Matter,, or Humor, feparated from the Blood by proper Glands, plac'd in the outer Paffages of the Ear. See Ear- TVax.

CERUSSE, a Preparation of Lead, popularly call'd White Lead j and, by the Chymifts, Calx of Lead. See Lead.

Cerujfe is made of very thin Laming, or Plates of Lead, fo laid, as to receive and imbibe the fumes of Vinegar, plac'd in a Veflel over a moderate Fire. The Lamin<£ are, by means hereof, converted into a white Ruft; which they gather together, and grinding it up with Water, form into little Cakes. Cardan iliews how to make it of Urine.

Cerujfe makes a beautiful white Colour, and is much us'd by the Painters, both in Oil and Water Colours. It makes the principal Ingredient in the Fucus us'd by the La- dies for the Complexion, Taken inwardly, it is a dan- gerous Poifon ; and foon Iliews its Malignity on the Out- fide ; fpoiling the Breath and Teeth, and haftning Wrin- kles, and the Symptoms of old Age.

The beft Ceruffc, is that of Venice^ but this is rare : that chiefly us'd, is cither Englijb or Dutch, both of which have more Marl in 'em than White Lead ; the latter, how- ever, is the better of the two. Fallopius fpeaks of a Mi- neral Cerujfe, but every body elfe takes it to be factitious.

The Word comes from the Greek jch?i§-, Wax 5 Cerujfe bearing a refemblance to Wax.

CESAR, or CjESAR, among the Romans, was a long time us'd for the Heir intended, or prefumptive of the Empire ; as King of the Roma?is is now us'd for that of the German Empire.

From the Time of Marcus Aurelius, to that of the Em- peror Salens, none had the Title of Atigufli given them, till they had been firft created Cefars. Spartian fays, Lucius Ferus was the firft that was called Cefar, before he was made Emperor. The Cefars were a kind of Ad- juncts to the Empire, c Principes Imperii : See Augustus.

Cefar was the fecond Dignity, till the Time of Alexis Communis : that Emperor created a new Dignity, in fa- vour of his Brother Ifaac Comncnius, which he call'd Le- bojlocrator, and to which he gave the Precedence over the Cefars. Codin defcribes the Creation of a Cefar, his Crown, Rights, Habit, &c.

The Term took its rife from the Names of the firft Ro- man Emperors ; and that fome derive from Cffaries, Head, of Hair ; urging, that the firft who bore it, viz. Cains Ju- lius Cefar, was diftinguifh'd by his fine Head of Hair, which occafion'd the Title. The more common Opinion is, that the Word Cefar comes « c<efo matris Utero ; be- caufe his Mother's Womb was cut open to give him paflage.

J. Sircherodius fays, it comes from this, that the firft who bore the Name kill'd an Elephant in Battel; h C<efo Elephttnte : This Opinion he fupports on the Credit of a Medal, on which is an Elephant with the Word C£SAR.

CESAREAN Section, or C&fareus c Partus, an Operation whereby the Child is drawn from the Mother by violent means, with Incifion. See Birth.

It appears from Experience, that Wounds in the Muf- cles of the Epigajlriv.m, or Teritoneeum, and thofe in the Matrix, are not mortal; fo that the Belly of the Mother may be fbmetimes open'd to give paffage for the Child ; but then 'tis not without great Danger ; on which account, this Operation is very rarely practised : Thofe brought into the World in this manner, are call'd Ceefars, and defones, « wfo matris Utero ; as was C. Julius C<efar, Scipio Jfri- canus, and Manlius. See Cesar.

F. Roujfel has a Treatife exprefsly on the Subject of the Ccfarean Se8io?i.

CESSAVIT, a Writ that lies in divers Cafes ; upon this general Ground, that he againft whom it is brought, has tor two Yeats neglected to perform fuch Service, or pay fuch Rent, as he is oblig'd to by his Tenure ; and has

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not upon his Lands or Tenements fufficient Goads or Chat- tels to be diftrain'd. It only lies for annual Service, Rent, and fuch-like, not for Homage or Fealty. The Forms and Species of this Writ are various ; as, Cejfavit de Ca-ataria, Cejfavit de Feodifirma, Cejfavit per Biennium.

CESSION, in a Legal Senfe, an Act. whereby a Perfon furrenders up, and tranfmits to another Perfon, a Right which bclong'd to himfelf.

Ceffion is a general Term, the Species whereof are, a Sur-

reiider,RelmquiJJrment,Transfer,^rASubrogation ; which fee.

Cession is particularly us'd in the Civil Law, for a

voluntary and legal Surrender of a Perfon's Effecls to his

Creditors, to avoid Impriionment.

This Practice ftill obtains in France, and other Coun- tries ; and is done by virtue of Letters Patent granted in favour of the Poor and Honeft. The Cejjion carry'd with it a Mark of Infamy, and oblig'd the Perfon to wear a green Cap, or Bonnet ; at Lucca an orange one .- to neg- lect this, was to forfeit the Privileges of the Ceffion. This was originally intended to fignify, that the Ccjjionary was become poor thro his own Folly.

The Italian Lawyers defcribe the Ceremony of Cejjion to confift in ftriking the bare Breech three times againft a Stone, call'd Lapis Vituperii, in the Prefence of the Judge. Formerly it confifted in giving up the Girdles and Keys in Court - the Antients ufing to carry at their Girdles the chief Utenfils wherewith they got their living; as the Scrivener his Efcritoire, the Merchant his Bag, &c.

The Form of Cejjhn among the antient Romans and Gauls was as follows. TheCeJionary gather'd up Duft in his left Hand, from the four Corners of the Houfe, and ftanding on the ThreJhold, holding up the Door-Poft in his right Hand, threw the Duft back over his Shoulders ; then ftripping into his Shirt, and quitting his Girdle and Sacks, he juinp'd with a Pole over a Hedge; hereby let- ting the World know, that he had nothing left, and that when he jump'd, all he was worth was in the Air with him. This was the Cejjion in Criminal Matters : In Civil Cafes, it was fufficient to lay a Switch, Fetch, or broken Straw on the Threfhold. This was called Chrenecruda- per Durpillum %3 Feflucam. See Investiture.

Cession, in the Ecclefiaftical Law, is one manner of vacating or voiding an Ecclefiallical Benefice. See Vaca- tion, and Benefice.

By the Canon Law, if a Clerk has one Living, of 8/. per Annum Value, -or upwards, and takes a fecond, of what Value foever, the former is void without a Difpen- fation : that is, it is void de Jure, but not de FaBo.

By the Statute, if a Clerk have one Benefice of 18 /. per Annum, or upwards, aftd takes another, of what Value foever, with Cure of Souls, and without Difpenfation, the former Living is, lpfo facto, void : And this kind of Void- ance of a Living is call'd Ceffion.

What is call'd Cejjion in other Benefices, is call'd Crea- tion in relation to a Bifhoprick ; for if an Incumbent be made a Bifhop, his Benefice is faid to be void by Creation. See Bishop.

CESSIONARY, a Bankrupt. See Bankrupt, and Cession.

CESSOR, in Law, one dilatory, negligent, and delin- quent in his Duty or Service, and who thereby incurs the Danger of the Law, and is liable to have the Writ Cef- favit brought againft him. See Cessavit.

Where 'tis faid the 'Tenant cejfeth, 'tis meant he ceafeth to do his Duty, or Service to which he is bound.

CESTUI, a French Term, literally fignifying He, or Him ; frequently us'd in our old Law- Writings. Thus,

Cestui qui Trujl, is he who has Lands in Truft, &c. committed to him for the Benefit of another.

Cestui qui Vie, one for whofe Life any Lands or Te- nements are granted.

Cestui qui Ufe, he to whofe Ufe another Man is in- feofVed in Lands or Tenements.

CESTUS, a Term us'd by Poets and Painters, for the Girdle which they attribute to Venus and Juno.

Among the Antients, Ceflus properly fignify'd the Maid's Girdle, which the Bridegroom unty'd when lie led her into the Houfe.

The Word comes from the Greek xer©-, Girdle .- whence alfo Inccjlus-j a Term us'd at firft for any Naughtinefs by undoing the Girdle, %$c. but now reftrain'd to that be- tween Perfons near akin. See Incest.

Cestus was alfo a large Leathern Gantlet, garnifti'd with Lead, us'd in the Combats or Exercifes of the an- tient Athlete. See Athlete.

Calepiti fays, it was a kind of a Club with leaden Balls hanging from it, fufpended by Leathern Thongs: but he was miftaken, it being only a Leathern Thong ftudded with Nails of Lead, or Iron ; part of it twifted round the Hand and part of the Arm, to prevent their being broke or diflocated. It was called Cefius, a cedendo, toftrike, or beat.

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