Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/330

 (i?0

C E M

l!ces a little round Hole, which is

an Ivy Berry, to keep it open for

See Issue. Parens defcribes

'elvet Cauteties 5 fo cali'd becaufe

. y apply'd to the Nape of the Neck, ,d fecond Vertebra, the exterior Part

Poes from the Greek kcl'w, tiro,

maflive Conftruftion of Stone, Stakes, Elevation of fat, vifcous Earth, well bea- cither as a Road, in wet marfhy Places, or as ttptain the Waters of a Pond, or prevent a River from overflowing the lower Grounds. See Road.

The Word climes from the French Chauffee, antiently wrote Chaulfee\\ anc * tnat fr° m the Latin Calcata$ accord- ins to Somner aVi Spelman, & calceando, aut a calce quia hujufmodi via caufLmzmizmttir. Berger rather takes the Word to have its fefi? a pedilum calceis, qttibus teruntur.

CAXA, a little leaden Coin, mix'd with a little Copper Skum, ftruck in Chiijta, but current chiefly at Bantam* in the reft of the Iftand^of Java., and in fome of the neigh- bouring Iftands. See C^n.

'Tis fomewhat fmalleMthan the French "Double, and has a fquare Hole through rhe Middle; by means whereof, feveral of 'em are hung on the fame String : This String, which they call Santa, c%;;tams 200 Caxas, equivalent to nine French "Deniers, or lWnewhat lefs than three Far- things Sterling. Five Santai ty'd together, i, e. a thoufand Caxas, make a Sapacou. Nothing can exceed the Brit- tlenefs of the Caxa; a String never falls to the Ground, without breaking at leaft 10 or 12 Pieces. Leaving 'em a Night fteep'd in fait Water, they cling fo firm to one ano- ther, that they are not to be feparated without breaking one half of 'cm. The Malais call 'em Cas, and the Ja- vefe, 'Pitts.

The Caxas are of two Kinds, great and fmall : The fmall are thofe we have been fpeaking of 5 300000 where- of, are equal to 56 Livres 5 Sols, "Butch Money. The large are old Caxas; 6000 whereof are equal to the Piece of Eight, or 45. 6 d. Sterling. Thefe are nearly the fame with the Caches of China, and the Caffies of Japan.

CEILING, in Architecture, the upper Part, or Roof of a lower Room; or a Lay, or Covering of Philter over Laths, nail'd on the Bottom of the Joifts that bear the Floor of the upper Room 5 or on Joifts for that purpofe. See House, and Roof.

The Word Ceiling, anfwers pretty accurately to the Latin Lacunar, every thing over Head.

Plaifter'd Ceilings are much us'd in England, more than any other Country : Nor are they without their Advanta- ges, as they make the Room lightfome 5 are good in Cafe of Fire 5 flop the Paffage of the Duft 5 leflcn the Noife over Head 5 and, in Summer, make the Air cooler. See CELANDINE. See Chelidonia. CELARENT, in Logic, a Syllogifm whofe fecond Pro- portion is an univerfal Affirmative; and the reft univerfal Negatives. See Syllogism.

CELATURA, the Art of Engraving. See Engraving. CELERES, in Antiquity, a Body, or Regiment of Guards of the antient Roman Kings, eftablifh'd by Ro- mulus; confifting of 300 Youths chofen from the beft Fa- milies of Rome, and approv'd by the Suffrages of the Curi<g of the People, each of which furnifh'd ten. See Curije.

The Celeres always attended near the King's Perfon, to guard him, and to be ready to carry his Orders, and exe- cute them. In War, they made the Vant-Guard in the Engagement, which they always begun fir ft : In Retreats, they made the Rear-Guard.

Tho the Celeres were a Body of Horfe, yet they ufually difmounted, and fought on Foot: Their Commander was cali'd Tribune of the Celeres. They were divided into three Troops, of 100 each, commanded by a Captain cali'd Centurio. Their Tribune was the fecond Perfon in the Kingdom. See Tribune, Centurio, $£c.

'■'Plutarch fays, Numa broke the Celeres : If this be true, they were foon re-eftablifh'd 5 for we find them under moft of the fuccceding Kings : Witnefs the great 'Brums, who expell'd &.G%arqfflffi t and who was Tribune of the Celeres.

The Word comes from Celer, quick, ready 5 and was given rhem, becaufe of their promptnefs to obey the King; or, as fome will have it, from the Name of their firft Tribune : Others fay, from one Celer, a Comerade of Ro- mulus, who aflii'ted him in the Combat with his Brother Remus, and is faid to have flain that Prince.

Some fay, the Celeres were the fame with thofe after- wards cali'd Troffuli, on account of their taking the City Troffulum in Hetruria, alone, without the Affiftance of any Infantry.

CELERITY, in Mechanicks, is the Velocity of a mov- ing Body 5 or that Affection of a Body in Motion, whereby

it is enabled to pafs over a certain Space, in a certain Time. See Velocity j fee alfo Motion.

CELESTINS, an Order of Religious, reform 'd from the Bcrnardines, in 1224, by Pope Celejiin V. then only <p e _ ter de Mourchon, or Morron, of Ifernia in Naples ■ and eftablifli'd in 12^4, by Pope Urban IV. and confirmed by Gregory X. in 1274.

They were introdue'd into Fra?ice, by 'Philip the Fair who requefted a Dozen of them from the General of their Order, by his Ambaffador at Naples, in 1300. 'Tis a kind of Proverb with them, Voila un plaifant Cclejlin

CELIAC Paffion, or CELIACA Paffio, in Medicine, a kind of Flux of the Belly, wherein the Food does not indeed pafs perfectly crude, as in the Lientery, but half digefted 5 fo that the two only differ from each other, as more or lefs. See Lientery.

In the Celiac the Food is fometimes digefted, without the Chyle's being feparated from the Excrements.

The Caufes of the Celiac are either the Weaknefs of the Ferment of the Stomach, the fhort flay the Food there makes, the Obftruftion of the Lacleals, or the want of Acrity in the Bile. See Flux.

The Word comes from the Greek x-otxia,, Venter 5 whence KoihidLKoi, a Perfon fubjecT; to fuch Inconveniences. Sec Colic,

CELIBATE, or CELIBACY, the State of a Perfon who lives out of Marriage. See Marriage.

The Celibate of the Clergy, which is ftill rigoroufly kept up among the Romanics, is of a pretty antient ftanding : It was firft propos'd by the Council of Nice, but without paffing; it was, however, in fome meafure admitted by the Weftern Councils of Elvira, Aries, 'fours, &c. Such among the Priefts as piqu'd themfelves on the Faculty of Continence, took the Hint; infomuch, as towards the Clofe of the IVth Century, there were few but made a Profef- fion of a voluntary Celibate. In 441, the Council at Orange order'd thofe to be depos'd who did not abftain from their Wives : But it was Gregory VII. who firft brought Eccle- fiafticks to admit the Celibate as a Law. In the Council of Trent, it was propos'd, to fet the Clergy at liberty again from the Yoke of Celibate 5 and this was even made an Article of the Interim of Charles V. but the Pope could not be brought into it.

St. jferom, and Epiphanius obferve, that in their Time none were admitted into the Priefthood, but thofe who were unmarry'd, or who abftain'd from their Wives. See Priest, and Clergy.

Scaliger derives the Word from the Greek kcith, Bed, and a«7T(sj, linquo, I leave : Others fay, it is form'd from deli beatitudo.

CELLITES, an Order of Religious, founded by Alexius a Roman: In Italy they are cali'd Alexians; but in Germany and the Low-Countries, where they have Monaf- teries, Cellites, i. e. People inhabiting in Cells.

CELLS, Cellee, Cellule, are little Houfes, Apartments, or Chambers $ particularly thofe wherein the antient Monks, Solitaries, and Hermits liv'd in Retirement. See Monk, Solitary, Hermit, &c.

The fame Name is ftill retain'd in divers Monafteries. The Dormitory is frequently divided into fo many Cells, or Lodges. See Dormitory.

TheCartbuJIans have each a feveral Houfe, which ferves 'em as Cells. See Carthusians.

The Hall wherein the Roman Conclave is held, is divid- ed by Partitions into divers Cells, for the feveral Cardinals to lodge in. See Conclave.

Some derive the Word from the Hebrew fcj*fr, i. e. a Prifon, or Place where any thing is fhut up.

Cells, in Anatomy, are little Bags, or Bladders, where Fluids or other Matters are lodg'd; cali'd alfo Loculi, Cel~ lulee, &c. See Cellule.

The Name is alfo given by Botanifts to the Partitions in the Hulks, or Pods where the Seed lies.

Cells, are alfo the little Divifions, or Apartments in Honey-Combs, where the Honey, young Bees, £S?e. are diftributed : thefe are always regular Hexagons. See Hive, Honey, Comb, &c.

CELLULjE Adepofe, in Anatomy, the Loculi, or little Cells wherein the Fat of Bodies in good habit is contain'd. See Adeps.

Thefe are co-extended with the Skin it felf, except on the Forehead, the Eyelids, Penis, and Scrotum. In emaci- ated Bodies, thefe Cells being unfurni/h'd of their Fat, ap- pear like a kind of flaccid, tranfparent Membrane. See Fat.

CEMENT, CEMENT, or CI MEN T, in the general Senfe of the Word, is any Compofition of a glutinous or tenacious Nature, proper to bind, unite, or keep things in Cohefion.

In this Senfe, Mortar, Solder, Glue, &c. are Cements. See Mortar, Solder, Glue, &c:

The Bitumen brought from the Levant, is faid to have been the Cement us'd in the Walls of Babylon. See Bi- tumen.

1 3 The