Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/328

 C A U

( »74 )

C A U

The Word comes from the corrupt Latin Caballus, a Horfe ; whence CMallarius, and Cavallarius, in the later Latin, and K,&@ctMet$@- 7 in the Greek.

CAUDA Tiraconis, the 'Dragons Tail, in Aftronomy, the Name of the Moon's defending Node ; fee Node.

CAVEAT, in Law, a Bill enter'd, in the Ecdefiaftical Courr, to (lop the Proceedings of one who would prove a "Will to the Prejudice of another.

CAVERNOSA Corpora, in Anatomy, call'd alfo Cor-

pora r.ervcfa, and fpongiofa, are two cavernous Bodies, of Omentum

vancc therein, under Covert, towards the Enemv, as it were in a Trench. II it be within Muiket-Ihot, 'tis a Place of Arms, ready made to hand ; and a Convenience for opening the Trenches, out of fear of the Enemy's Shot.

CAVITIES, among Anatomifts. See Venter, ant { Region.

CAUL, in Anatomy, a Membrane in the Abdomen, co- vering the greater! part of the Guts ; called, from its Structure, Reticulum, but molt popularly Omentum. Set;

an indeterminate Length and Thickncfs, whereof the 'Pe- nis is principally compos'd. See Penis.

Their internal Subftance is rare, and fpongy ; and when fill'd with Blood and Spirits, dilates and fwells : in which, the Tehfion, or Erection of the Yard confifts. See Erection.

They have two diftin£t Beginnings from the lower. Side

Caul is likewife a little Membrane, found on ibme Children encompafling the Head, when born.

2)relincourt takes the Caul to be only a Fragment of the Membranes of the Feet us ; which ordinarily break at the Birth of the Child : See Foetus.

Lampridius tells us, that the Midwifes fold this Card

of th6'Oj?a\Pti&is '5 whence they increafe in bulk, till their at a good price to the Advocates and Pleaders of

meeting with the Corpus Cavernofum Urethra, where Time 5 it being an Opinion, that while they had this

they join into one, and are retain'd by means of a Septum about them, they fhou'd carry with 'em a Force oi Perfua-

compos'd of thei'r outer Tunics : Their other Extremities fion which no Judge could withftand : The Canons forbid

are capp'd with the Glans ; fee Glans. the Ufe of it ; becaufe fome Witches and Sorcerers, it

Cavernosum Corpus Urethra, a third fpongious Body feems, had abus'd it.

of the Penis ; fo cabled, becaufe the Urethra, or urinary CAULICOLES, CAULICULI, in Architecture, are

Paffage of the Penis ra inclos'd therewith. See Urethra, eight leffer Branches, or Stalks, in the Corinthian Capital,

Its Figure, contrary to that of the two Corpora Caver- nosa, is largell at its Extremities, and leaft in the Middle; its upper Part is in th& %?erin<£Um t and is call'd its 'Bulb, from its Figure. Its external Membrane is thin, and di-

fpringing out from the four greater or principal Caules, or Stalks. See Corinthian Capital.

The eight Volutes of this Order, are fuftain'd by four Caules, or primary Branches of Leaves; and from which

vided lengthwife by a Septum. The middle Part of the arife thefe Caulicoles, or leffer Foliages. See Volute, and

Corpus is nearly cylindrical ; but the Paffage for the Urine Leaves.

is not along the Centre, but inclines to its upper Part, next Some Authors confound thefe with the Volutes them-

the Body of the Penis; its lower Extremity dilating it felves ; fbme with the Helices in the Middle, and fome with

felf, forms the Glans. See Glans. the principal Stalks whence they arife.

Cavernosa Corpora of the Clitoris, are two nervous or The Word comes from the Latin Caulis, the Stalk, or

fpongy Bodies, like thofe of the Penis ; having their Ori- Stem of a Plant, whence the Leaves and Branches arife.

gin from the lower Part of the Os 'Pubis, on each fide; and uniting together, conflitute the Body of the Clitoris^ as thofe do that of the Penis. See Clitoris.

Indeed, they have no Perforation analogous to that of the Penis ; but they have a Septum, or membranous Par- tition, running all along between 'em, and dividing 'em

CAULIFEROUS Herbs, are fuch as have a true Caulis, Stalk, or Trunk, which a great many have not ; as theCa- pillaries, &c. See Stem, Stock, Capillaries, £5>c.

CAUSALITY, in Metaphyfics, is the Power, or Action of a Caufe in producing its Effect. See Cause.

'Tis a Difpute, among the School Philofophers, whether,

from the Glans, to its Devarication at the Os 'Pubis, where and how the Caufality is diftinguifh'd from the Caufe and

they are call'd Crura Clitoridis : See Crura Clitoridis.

Cavernosum Corpus of the Pudendum. See Reticu- lar e Corpus.

CAVESON, in the Manage, a kind of Bridle, or Muf- roll, put on the Horfe's Nofe, which binds or locks him in, and ferves in breaking, managing, and tutoring him.

EffeB : Some hold it a Mode, or Modal Entity, fuper- added to the Caufe, &c. others contend for its being the Caufe it felf, only confider'd principiativn and termina- tive, 8cc.

CAUSE, that whence any thing is; or by virtue whereof a thing is done : Thus a Wound is the Caufe of Death,

The Cavcfons for breaking young Horfes, are ufually of Crudity of a Difeafe, &c. Caufe is a Term of a Relation Iron, made femi circularly, of two or three Pieces turning to EjfeR ; fee Effect.

on Joints; others are twiftcd, others flat, others hollow Firjl Cause, is that which acts of it felf, and from its in the Middle, and indented like Saws, call'd Mordants : own proper Force, or Virtue; in which Senfe, God is the only tho thefe laft are now banifh'd the Academies. The Rope Eirft Caufe. See God.

and Leathern Cavcfons, fcrve forpaffing the Horfe between Second Causes, are thofe which derive the Power, and

two Pillars. The Word comes from the Spmifti Cavefa, Head. Faculty of afling, from a Fir ft Caufe. Such Caufes don't

CAVETTO, in Architecture, a hollow Member, or properly aft at all ; but are ailed on : and therefore are im-

Moulding, containing a Quadrant of a Circle, and having properly call'd Caufes : of which Kind are all thofe that

an Eftect juft contrary to that of a Quarter-round : It is we call Natural Caufes, See Nature.

us'd as an Ornament in Cornices. F. Malebranch denies Second, or Natural Caufes, to

M. Fclihen obferves, that the Workmen confound the have any Force, Power, or Efficacy to produce any Effect;

Cavetto with a Scotia, but to ill Purpofe ; the Cavetto be- and thinks the Notion in it felf inconceivable. 'Tis certain

ing in effcfl: only half a Scotia : yet he himfelf is charge- the Philofophers are ftrangely puzzled, and divided about

able with the fame Overfight. See Scotia. the manner of their Agency : Some maintain 'em to aft

When in its natural Situation, the Workmen frequently by their Matter, Figure, and Motion ; fee Corpuscular :

call it Gula, or Gnculc ; and when inverted, Gorge. See others by afubjiantial Form ; fee Subfiantial Form : many

Gula, and Gorge. by Occidents, or Qualities-? fome by Matter and Form;

The Word is Italian, and no more than a Diminutive of ot hers by certain Faculties different from all thefe : See

Cavus, hollow. ^ Faculty, Form, Quality, &c.

CAVIA, or KAVIA, call'd alfo Cavial, Caviac, and Some maintain, that the fubftantial Form produces Caviar, a kind of Food, or Ragout, in mighty ufe and re- Forms ; and the accidental, Accidents ; others, that Forms pute throughout Mufcovy 5 and lately introdue'd upon the produce other Forms and Accidents ; others, laftly, that Mffghfb Table. Accidents alone are capable of producing Accidents, and

1 he Cavia or Kavia, is the Roe, or Eggs of the Fifh eV en Forms. Again, thofe, for Inftance, who fay that Ac- Sturgeon, taken out, falted, and dry'd at the Sun, or by cidents may produce Forms, by the Virtue they have re- the Fire. The Italian Merchants fettled at Mofcow, drive ce iv'd from the Form to which they are join'd, don't all an incredible Trade with Cam a ; the Fifh being caught in me an the fame thing : Some will have it, "that thefe Acci- prodigious Quantities at the Mouth of the Volga, and other aents are only the Force or Virtue of the fubllantial Form ; Rivers which empty themfelves into the Cafpian Sea. others, that they receive the Influence of the Form, and ou- 1 hey cure, or prepare the Rocs on the Spot, and thence ly aft by virtue thereof : others, laftly, that they arc only fend it up the Volga to Mofco-zv, to be there diftributed Infirumental Caufes.

throughout that vaft Empire; where it is of wonderful Again, the Philofophers arc divided as to the Aaion fervice to the People, on account of the three Lents there whereby Second Caufes produce their Effects ; Some main- over v d with great Seventy See Sturgeon Fishery. ta j n, that the Caufality cannot be produe'd, fince

The EvgUjh imporr confiderable Quantities of this Com- modity from Archangel ; tho not fo much for home Con- fumption, as to iupply the French and Italians. To be good, it fhould be of a reddifh brown Colour, and very dry. 'Tis eat with Oil and Lemon ; fometimes with Vinegar : Some eat it alone with Bread ; and others only as a Sauce or Pickle, like Anchovies.

CAVIN, in Fortification, h a hollow Place, proper to fa- vour the Approaches to a Fottrefs ; fo that one may ad- L

tain, that the Caufality cannot be produe'd, fince 'tis that produces; others will have 'em to acl truly by their Action; but they are ftill at a lofs about that Action.

Such Variety is there in the Sentiments even of modern Philofophers ; and thofe too our Neighbours : nor are the Antients, and thofe at a Diftance from us, better agreed : Avicenna, v. g. does not allow that corporeal Subitances can produce any thing but Accidents. His Syftem, accor- ding to Ruvio, is this : God produces, immediately, a niott perfect fpiritual Subftance ; this produces another lefs per-

feet;