Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/315

 CAR

(161)

CAR

I

The Method of making playing Cards, fecms to have given the firfl Hint to the invention of Printing 5 as ap- pears from the h*rit Specimens of Printing at H.erlem, and thofe in the 'Bodleian Library, &c. See Printing ; fee alio Pastboard.

The cutting of the Moulds, or Blocks, for thefc Cards., is precifely the fame as that us'd for the firfl Books 5 viz. a Sheet of wet or moiit Paper is laid on the Form or Block, which is firfl lightly brufh'd over with Ink, made of Lampblack mix'd with Starch and Water; and then rubb'd off with a round Lilt, in the Hand. The Court-Cards they colour by help of feveral Patterns, call'd Stanefiks ; confining of Papers cut thro with a Penknife ; within the Apertures, or Incifions of which, the feveral Colours, as red, &c. are feverally apply 'd 5 (for at the firft Printing, the Card has only a mere Out-line.) Thefe Patterns are ainted with Oil Colours, to keep them from wearing out y the Brufh.es : Being laid on the Paftboard, they Aide a Brum full of Colour loofe over the Pattern ; which leaving the Colour within the Apertures, forms the Face or Figure of the Card. This, very probably, was the way of their firft Printing at Haerlcm 5 as might have been difcover'd long ago, if it had been confider'd, that the great Letters in our old Manufcripts of 900 Years ago, are apparently done by the Illuminers, after this Method of Card-making. Cards, in Commerce, and the Manufactures; lee Carding. CARDUUS, in Natural Hiftory and Botany, a Name common to divers Species of Plants, in Englijh call'd Thif- ties. See Thistle.

The Plants of this Clafs moft in ufe, are the Carduus SenediBus, and Carduus Fullonum.

Carduus SenediBus, is a Medicinal Plant, of the Thif- tle kind, chiefly us'd in Infufion, as a gentle Emetic in Fe- vers, and certain Naufeas. Antiently it was much in vogue, as a Cardiac, Sudorific, and Alcxipharmic 5 and in thofe Qualities, was prefcrib'd in Stomachic Cafes : but it is now fucceeded by others, lefs naufeous, and more effectual ■ tho flill retain'd in fome of the officinal Compositions, with thofe Intentions. Some diftil a Water from it, which they ufe in cordial and fudorific Potions. Its Salt has much the fame Virtues.

Carduus Fullonum, is alfo call'd the Fuller's Weed, or Teazle. See Teazle.

CAREENING, a Term, in the Sea Language, us'd for the laying a Veffel on one fide, to caulk, Hop up Leeks, or refit her. The Word is form'd of the Latin Carina, the Bulk or Body of a Ship.

A Ship is faid to be brought to a Careen, when the grcateft Part of her Lading, &c. being taken out, and another Veffel lower than her felf laid by her fide, file is haled down to it as low as occafion requires, v. g. a fourth or fifth Strake ; and there kept, by the Weight of Ballaft, Ordnance, $£c. as well as by Ropes, left it ihould ftrain her Mails too much. This is done with defign to trim her Sides, or Bottom, to caulk her Seams, or to mend any Fault (he has under the Water : Hence, if a Ship lie on one Side in failing, fhe is faid to fail on the Careen. Ships of War are generally careen d every three Years.

The Half Careen, is when thcy[ can only careen half the Ship 5 not being able to reach lb low as the bottom of the Keel.

CARET, in Grammar, a Character of this Form, ( ^ ) denoting that there is fomething inferted, or interlin'd, which ihould regularly have come in where the Character is plac'd. See Character.

CARGO, the Lading or Freightof a Ship : See Freight, and Lading.

The Cargo of this Veffel is of fuch or fuch a Commo- dity. This is the proper Seafon for a Cargo of Codfifh, of Wines, X$c.

Cargo is fomctimes alfo us'd for an Invoice of the Goods wherewith a Ship is laden. See Invoice.

CARIATIDES, or CARIATES, in Architecture 3 fee Caryatides.

CARICOUS "Tumor, is a Swelling refembling the Fi- gure of a Fig 5 fuch, frequently, are the 'Piles. See Fi- cus, and Hemorrhoids.

The Word comes from Carica, a Fig 5 or from Carta, a Country where they are frequent, or from whence they are We times faid to be brought.

CARIES, in Chirurgery, &c. a kind of Rottennefs, pe- culiar to a Bone ; arifing, cither from a conftant Afflux of vicious Humours, or from their Acrimony ; or from a Bruife, Compound Fraclu re, Luxation, Venereal Diforders,corrolive Medicines, being itripp'd, or laid bare of their Flefh, and long expos'd to the Air, £*?c. 'Tis a common Obfervation, that nothing is more difficult to cure than an Ulcer, when the adjacent Bone is become carious. See Ulcer. The Word in the original Latin, fignifles Rottennefs. The nfual Medicines in a Caries, are Tinclures of Eu- phorbium, Myrrh, and Aloes ; or Pouders of the fame, with the Addition of Iris, Birthwort of either kind, Gen-

tian, &c. and particularly the Pouder of Diapentc. After ufing the Tinctures, the Pouders are apply'd on Linr, in form of a Pledget. An Aclual Cautery, apply'd to the carious Part through a Canula, &c. is frequently found fuccefsful. See Cautery.

Anatomifts, in differing of Bodies, fometimes find ca* rious Bones ; particularly thofe of the Jaws, Legs, &c. where nothing of that Kind was fufpe&ed during the Per- fon's Lite-time ; nor any Diforder felt therefrom : Whence Mr. Cbefetden conjectures, that the Cure of a cariotis Bone might be directly attempted, without waiting, as our Ghi- rurgcons ufually do, for an Exfoliation.

CARINA, a Zatin Term, properly fignifying the Keel of a Ship ; or the long piece of Timber running along the Bottom of the Ship, from Head to Stern ; upon which the whole Structure is built, or fram'd. See Keel.

Carina, is alfo frequently us'd for the whole Capacity or Bulk of a Ship ^ containing the Hull, or all the Space below the Deck. See Hull. Hence, the Word is alfo us'd, by a Figure, for the whole Ship. See Ship.

Carina, among Anatomilts, is us'd for the firfl Ru- diments, or Embryo of a Chick, when in the Shell ; fee Embryo.

The Carina confifls of the entire Vertebra, as they ap- pear after ten or twelve Days Incubation. See Egg.

'Tis thus call'd, becaufe crooked, in form o^'tiie Keel of a Ship. Sec Generation, Botaniits, for the fame Rea- fbn, ufe the Word Carina, to exprefs the lower Petalunl of a papillinaceous Flower. The Leaves alfo of the Af- phadclus, they fay, are carinated.

Carina, is alfo us'd in the antient Architecture. The Romans gave the Name Carina to all Buildings in form of a Ship 5 as we flail call Nave, from Navis Ship, the mid- dle or principal Vault of our Gothic Churches ; becaufe it has that Figure.

Carinje, were alfo Weepers 3 or Women hir'd, among the antient Romans, to weep at Funerals : They were thus call'd from Caria, the Country whence moll of 'em came. See Funeral.

CARIPI, a kind of Horfe-Guards among the Turks. The Caripi, to the Number of about 1000, are not Slaves, nor bred up in Seraglios or Seminaries, like the reft ; but are generally Moors, or rencgado Chriftians, who having follow'd Adventures, and being poor, and their Fortune to fcek, by their Dexterity and Courage have arriv'd at the Rank of Horfe Guards to the Grand Signior. They march with the Ulufagi on the Left hand, behind him 5 their pay 12 Afpers/w Day.

The Word Caripi fignifles 'Poor, and Stranger.

CARISTIA, or rather CHARISTIA, a kind of Feaft, among the old Romans, held on the 19 th of February, in honour of the Goddefs Concord. The Carijlia were instituted to re-eftablifb. Peace and Amity, in Families em- broil'd, or at variance in themfelves. It confided in a great Entertainment made in each Family, to which no Stran- gers were admitted, but only Relations and Kindred. The Joy and Freedom infpir'd by the R.epait, was look'd upon as a proper means to reunite divided Minds 3 to which the good Offices of fo many Friends wou'd greatly contribute. The Word comes from the Greek %a&is, Grace, Union, Peace. This Fealt was alfo called tDies Cards Ccgnaiionis. Vigenere calls ir the Good Cheer.

CARLINE, or C AROLINE,a Plant, of the Truffle kind, faid to have been difcover'd by an Angel to Charlemaign, to cure his Army of the Plague : whence its Denominati- on. Its Root is of fervice as a Diuretic and Sudorific, in all peftilential Diforders.

CARL1NGS, in a Ship, two pieces of Timber lying fore and aft, along from one Beam to another, directly over the Keel ; ferving as a Foundation for the whole Body of a Ship : on thefe the Ledges reft, whereon the Planks of the Deck, and other Matters of Carpentry are made fait. The Catlings have their Ends let into the Beams call'd Culvertail. The great Cartings, is that whereon the Main- maft ftands ; we alfo fay, Curling of the Capfian y Sons, &c. Carling Knees, are Timbers going athwart the Ship, from the Sides to the Hatch-way, ferving to fuftain the Deck on both Sides.

CARMELITES, an Order of Religious, making one of the four Orders of Mendicants, or begging Friars 5 and taking both its Name, and Origin from Carmel, a Moun-* tain of Syria, formerly inhabited by the Prophets Elias and Elijba, and by the Children of the Prophets 5 from whom this Order pretends to defcend in an uninterrupted Succeflion. The manner in which they make out their Antiquity, has fomething in it too ridiculous to be rehcars'd. Some among 'cm pretend they are Nephews to J. C* Others go further, and make Pythagoras a Carmelite, and v the antient 'Druids regular Branches of their Order.

Phocas, a Greek Monk, fpeaks the moftreafonably 5 he

fays, that in his Time, viz. in 1 18 5, Elias'* Cave was flili

extant on the Mountain ; near which were the Remains or*

U u a