Page:Cyclopaedia, Chambers - Volume 1.djvu/313

 CAR

kind of "Banquette, or Elevation, fome Feet high, where Travellers red thcmfelves, and make their Lodging as well as they can ; their Baggage, and the Beads that carry 'em, Jjeing faden'd at the Foot of the "Banquette. Over the Gate, there are frequently a fort of little Chambers ; which the Caravanferakier lets out, at a very dear rate, to fuch as have a mind to be to themfelves.

Tho the Caravanfera' s ferve in lieu of Inns ; yet there is this effential Difterence between them and our Inns, that the Traveller finds nothing at all in the Caravanfera, nei- ther for himfelf nor his Cattle ; but muft carry all his Provisions and Neceffaries with him. They are chiefly built in dry, barren, defart Places ; and are generally fur- nifli'd with Water from a great Diftance, and at a vail Ex- pence : There being no Caravanfera without its Well of Water. There are feveral of 'em in Cities ; where they ferve not only as Inns, but as Shops and Warehoufes. There are few Cities in the Ead without their Caravanfc- rai ; efpecially within the Dominions of "turky, "Pcrfia, and the Great Mogul. Thofe of Iff aim and Jgra, Schi- ras and Casbin, are diftingui/h'd for their Magnificence and Cornmodioufnefs.

In "furky, none but the Grand Signior's Mother and Sifter, with the Vifiers and Bafliaws who have been in three Battles again!! the Chriffians, arc allow'd to build a Caravanfera. The Word comes from the Turkifh. Kar- <atn, or Kervian, Caravan ; miSarai, Houfe, Palace, Inn.

CARAVANSERAKIER, the Director, Steward, or In- tendant of a Caravanfera. At Ifpahan, there arc Caravan- fera's in manner of Halls, or Exchanges, where Goods arc laid up, and expos'd to view ; for which the Caravanferakier is accountable, in confideration of a certain Fee. See Ca-

RAVANSERA.

CARAWAY, or CARWAY, a Medicinal Seed, pro- due'd from a Plant of the fame Name, by Botanilts call'd Carvi Offianarum, or Cuminum Pratenfe. See Seed.

The Seed or Grain of the Carvi or Caraway, is narrow, longiih, furrow'd on the Back, and of a briik aromatic Tafte It is eileem'd Stomachic, and Diuretic ; difpels Wind, ftrengthens Digeflion, ci?c. The Englijl) and Ger- mans make great ufe of it; particularly in Bifkets, Comfits, and other Foods and Confections,

CARBUNCLE, in Medicine, a Malignant Tumor, arifing fornetimes on one Part, and fomctimes another ; ac- company'd with a painful Heat, Mortification, Lividnefs, and at laft a Blacknefs : It begins with one or more PulHes, under which is form'd a putrid Ulcer ; fornetimes with a Scab, without any Puflle ; the Ulcer being form'd under the Scab. Round the Tumor is a Kerne], very painful 5 fornetimes red, and fomctimes livid, or blackifh. The Carbuncle is owing to a fharp, cauftic, malignant, falinc Humor, which gnaws and corrupts the Part whereon it is difcharg'd.

The Greeks call it Anthrax, the French Charbon, Coal, from the Refemblance of its Scab to a Coal. It is forne- times pcllilcntial, and fornetimes not. When it arifes without Putties, it is properly call'd "Prima ; when with, Ignis "Perficus.

Carbuncle, in Natural Hiftory, a fabulous Kind of precious Stone, whereof "Pliny and the Antiems relate Wonders. The Carbuncle, in reality, is only a large Rttby, of a deep red Colour : the Term being never apply'd, but when the Stono exceeds 20 Carats Weight. See Rur.v.

The Anticnts, and molt of the Moderns after them, have all along iuppos'd the Carbuncle to be taken from the Dragon's Head : And we read of. many a Cavalier, who went to combat with Dragons, on purpofe to gain this in- valuable Jewel. Vartoman affures us, that the King of "Pegu us'd no other Light in the Night time, but that of his Carbuncle, which call a blaze like that of the Sun.

The Name is form'd of the Latin Carbunculus, q. d. a burning Coal : For which Rcafon the Greeks call it ai'flfsf, Coal. Pliny, treating of the Carbuncle, Lib. XXXVII. ca P- 7 - didingui/hes twelve Softs thereof.

Carbuncle, in Heraldry, a Charge, or Bearing, coniilling of eight Radii, or Spokes; four whereof make a common Crofs, and the other four a Saltcer ; as in the adjoin- ing Figure. Some call thefe Radii "Battens, or Staves -j becaufe round, and enrich 'd with Buttons, or pcarl'd, like Pilgrims Staves ; and frequently tipp'd, or terminated with Flower-de-Luces. Otlu-ts blazon 'em. Royal Scepters, plac'd in Saltcer, Pale and Feffe. .' . /

CARBl.INCULATION, is the Wafting of the new- Iprouted Buds of Trees or Plants, either by exceffive Hear, or exceffive Cold. Sec Blight.

CARCASE, or CARCASS, the Corpfe, or Body of a dead Animal, whofe Flefh is, mol! of it, cut off, confum'd, or dry'd. Sec Skeleton.

Thus, we fay, The CarcaJJ'es of the Soldiers, Horfcs, &c. were Icen long afterwards on the Field of Battel. The

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CAR

Carcafs of a Fowl, Capon, Partridge,' Leveret, Rabbit, ££?c. is what remains thereof, after the four Members, or Limbs, have been cut off, via. the Legs and Wings.

Carcase, in Architecture, is the Shell, or Ribbs of a Houfe ; containing the Partitions, Floors, Rafters, igc. made by the Carpenter, i$c. See House, Building, and Timber. The Carcafc is otherwife call'd the Framing, fee Framing.

CARCASS, or CARCUS, in War, a kind of Bomb, ufually oblong, or oval, rarely circular ; confiding of a Shell, or Cafe, fornetimes of Iron, with Holes ; more commonly of a coarfe flrong Stuff, pitch'd over, and girt with Iron Hoops ; fill'd with combudiblc Matters, as Hand Gra- nades, Ends of Mullets, loaden Piftols, and Prepatations of Gunpouder, &c. Its ufe is to be thrown out of a Mor- tar, to fet Houfes on Fire, and do other Execution. See Bomb, and Mortar.

For the Compofition of a Carcafs, to burn, Wblfius pre- fcribes ten Parts of Gunpouder pounded; two of Nitre; one of Sulphur, and one of Colophony : Or fix of Gun- pouder ; four of Nitre ; four of Sulphur ; one of beaten Glafs ; *. one of Antimony ; | one of Camphor ; one of Sal Armoniac ; and ." of common Salt. For the Shell, or Cafe, he takes two Iron Rings, fome chule Plates ; fitting one at one Extreme, near the Aperture at which the Car- cafs is to be fir'd, and the other at the other : others make the Aperture in one of the Plates. Thefe he braces with Cords drawn lengthwife; and acrofs thefe, at right Angles, laces others ; making a Knot in each Interfection : Be- tween the Folds of the Cords, he makes Holes, and into thefe fits Copper Tubes, filling 'em half full of Pouderand leaden Bullets, ramming the whole with Tow, &c. The Shell thus prepar'd, heimmerges it, the Aperture firlt dopt, in a liquid Matter; confiding of four Parts of melted Pitch, ao of Colophony, one of Oil of Turpentine, and as much ground Gunpouder as will reduce it to the Confidence of a Pad. After Immerfion, 'tis to be cover'd over with Tow, and immerg'd afreflr, till it become of the Bignefs proper for the Mortar.

It has the Name Carcafs, becaufe the Circles which pafs from one Ring, or Plate, to the other, feem to repre- fent the Ribs of a human Carcafs.

CARCINOMA, in Medicine, a Tumor, more ufually call'd a Cancer. See Cancer.

The Word comes from y&ptuwx, Cancer, and rsj/ny, depaf- co, to feed upon.

CARCUSS, in War, the fame as Carcafs ; fee Carcass.

CARDAMOMUM, or CARDAMUMS, a Medicinal Seed, of the Aromatic kind, contain'd in Cajjfulte, or Pods, brought from the F.afl Indies.

This Seed is didinguilh'd into three Kinds, according to the feveral Sizes of the Pods ; viz. great, middle, and fmall : but the Tafte, Smell, Colour, and Form of the Grain, is the fame in all ; being of a purple Colour, angular, of a fharp biting Tade, and a ftrong penetrating Smell. The firll kind is alfo call'd Grains of "Paradife\ but the hill excclls the red, both in Smell, Tade, and Virtue : 'Tis this that enters the Compofition of Venice Treacle. The Cardamums do warm, and detetge ; they drengthen the nobler Parts, diffipate Wind, and help Di- geftion ; and are us'd in Difeafes of the Brain, Stomach, and Womb.

The Plants of the Cardamwn Family, adord fomcthing very remarkable, as to the manner of their Propagation : When ripe, their Pods fly open, and dart out their Seed up- on a (light touch of the Hand. Nay, what is more, Mr. Ray tells us, the Cardamum Impatiens breaks its Pod, and emits its Seed not only if touch'd, but if only the Hand be drctch'd out, as if about to touch it : and Johnfton and Gcrrard affirm it to be true. Sec Seed, and Semination.

CARDIAC, in Medicine, vulgarly call'd Cordial, 3. Remedy antiently fuppos'd to exert it felf immediately in comforting and flrengthning the Heart : but the modern Phyficians rather fuppofe it to produce its Effect, by put- ting the Blood into a gentle Fermentation, whereby the Springs, before decay 'd, arc repair'd and invigorated ; and the Tone and Elatlicity of the Fibres of the Veffels reilor'd: the Confequcnce of which, is a more eafy and briflc Circu- culation. Sec Cordial, Strengthner, &c.

The Word comes from the Greek KetfJW, Cor ; the Heart being reputed the immediate Seat of its Operation.

CARDlACUS Plexus, in Anatomy, a PJexus, or piece of Network, lorm'd of a Ramification of the Par vagum, or eighth Pair of Nerves. See Plexus Cardiacus, Nerve, and Par va^um.

CARDIALGIA, CARDIALGY, or CARDIACUS "Dolor, in Medicine, a violent Pain, felt towards the upper Orifice of the Stomach, accompany'd with a Palpitation of the Heart, Fainting, and a Propenfion to Vomit ; better known by the Name of Cardiac "Pajjim, or Heart-burn. See Heart.

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